1、本科毕业论文(设计)外文翻译外文题目THEANALYZEONACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEMOFTHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSENTERPRISE外文出处INTERNATIONALBUSINESSRESEARCHAPRIL2008,VOL1,NO2,P124127外文作者SUYAN原文THEANALYZEONACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEMOFTHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSENTERPRISEABSTRACTINTHEFACEOFTHEFASTDEVELOPINGOFINFORMATIONANDTECHNOLOGYANDTHEAPPE
2、ARANCEOFTHENEWMANAGEMENTTHEORY,THEAUTHORANALYZETHEABUSEOFTHECONVENTIONALACCOUNTINGSYSTEM,ANDUSETHEADVANCEIDEASONMODERNINFORMATIONANDTECHNOLOGYANDTHECOOPERATIONTHEORYTOREDESIGNTHEFRAMEOFACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEMOFTHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSENTERPRISE,ANDPOINTOUTTHEVIRTUEOFTHENEWSYSTEMKEYWORDSLOGISTICSENTER
3、PRISE,ACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEM,EVENTSDRIVESINCETHESIXTIESOFTHETWENTYCENTURY,THECOMPETITIONINMARKETBECOMEMOREVEHEMENT,ANDTHEWORKDIVIDEDBECOMEMORESPECIFICINTHISBACKDROP,INFORMATIONANDTECHNOLOGYMADEAFASTDEVELOPMENTANDAFFECTDEEPLYOTHERINDUSTRIESTHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSENTERPRISEASANEWINDUSTRYISBEINGINFLUE
4、NCEDWITHIT,ANDDOCHANGEACCOUNTINGISANINFORMATIONSYSTEMINENTERPRISE,THROUGHTHEUSINGOFINFORMATIONANDTECHNOLOGY,ACCOUNTINGNOTONLYENLARGEOWNSCOPE,BUTALSOENHANCETHEQUALITYOFSERVICEBUTACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEMINPRACTICEINOURCOUNTRYNOWDROPTERRIBLYBEHINDTHEPRACTICEDEMANDANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFITSTHEORY1THEANAL
5、YZEOFCONVENTIONALACCOUNTINGSYSTEMTHEACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEMINOURCOUNTRYISONTHEFOUNDATIONOFLUCAPACIOLISACCOUNTINGTHEORYNOW,ANDITSCOREISACCOUNTINGSUBJECTSTHISSYSTEMUSINGORIGINALDOCUMENTSNOTETHEBUSINESSACTIVITYOCCURREDINENTERPRISEANDTHECHANGEDRESULTSOFASSETSLIABILITIESANDEQUITYCAUSEDBYIT,ANDDEPENDI
6、NGONCOMPUTERCLASSIFYANDCOMPILETHISNOTES,EXPORTTOUSERINTHEFORMOFTHESPECIALREPORTINTHEENDTHOUGHTHISSYSTEMINTHATTIMEWASINTRODUCEDWITHIT,THEBASICFRAMEWORKOFACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEMWASVARIEDASWASSAIDWITHPROFESSORYUNGUIXUE,NOWTHERULEOFTHECOMPUTERIZATIONINFORMATIONSYSTEMISTHATMODERNTECHNOLOGYSUITTOTHERE
7、GULATIONANDITSFUNCTIONPOSITION,NOTBUTTHAT,USINGTHEFUNCTIONOFFEREDWITHTHEMODERNTECHNOLOGYREENGINEERTHECONVERSATIONALACCOUNTING,ANDTHERESULTSARE1WHATTHESYSTEMSTRESSONISTHEPROCESSINGPROGRAMOFACCOUNTINGANDCOMMONABSOLUTECHECKANDCALCULATION,ANDTHISSYSTEMWASCLOSE2THEINFORMATIONTHESYSTEMCOLLECTPROCESSANDUSE
8、AREAFTERTHEEVENTABSOLUTELY,ANDDONTHELPTHEENTERPRISEDOMANAGEMENT,CONTROLANDDECISIONMAKING3THESYSTEMDONTSETTLEFORTHEREQUIREMENTOFTHESUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENT4THESYSTEMDONTSETTLEFORMULTIUSERDEMAND2REBUILDINGANEWACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEMOFTHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSENTERPRISEFOLLOWEDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFINFORMATIONTEC
9、HNOLOGY,PEOPLESABILITYOFUSINGINFORMATIONISGETTINGSTRONGER,ANDINFORMATION,ASANIMPORTANTRESOURCE,INTHEOPERATIONANDTHEDECISIONMAKINGPROCESSOFENTERPRISESPLAYANIMPORTANTROLEALTHOUGHTHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSENTERPRISESISANEMERGINGINDUSTRY,BUTALSOTHEEXTENTOFCOMPETITIONISRATHERFIERCE,INORDERTOGAINAFIRMPLACEINTHEM
10、ARKETANDDEVELOP,EVERYTHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSENTERPRISESMUSTUSEINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYTOREENGINEERITSBUSINESSPROCESSESANDENHANCEITSCORECOMPETITIVENESSUNDERTHEGUIDANCEOFTHAT“SUPPLYCHAINISTHETHIRDSOURCEOFPROFIT“,THETHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSENTERPRISESASPARTSOFTHECHAINWASREQUIREDINDUETIMEANDPLACETOPROVIDECONSUMERSW
11、ITHPERSONALITY,SPECIALIZATION,ANDSERIALIZATIONOFLOGISTICSSERVICESACCORDINGTOTHEDUEPRICEATTHESAMETIME,CONSUMERSALSOKEEPCLOSERELATETOTHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSCOMPANIES,SOASTOMANAGEANDCONTROLTHEWHOLELOGISTICSPROCESSACCORDINGTOMICHAELPORTERSVALUECHAINMANAGEMENTTHEORY,WEBELIEVETHAT,INTHEVALUECHAIN,THETHIRDPART
12、YLOGISTICSENTERPRISECREATETHETIMEANDSPACEVALUEFORTHEENTIRESUPPLYCHAINTHEESSENCEOFACCOUNTINGISTHEUTILIZATIONOFTHEMEANSOFVALUETOREFLECTTHEENTERPRISESECONOMICACTIVITY,ANDULTIMATELYMEETTHENEEDSOFACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONTHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSENTERPRISESTHROUGHACCOUNTINGMETHODSMANAGETHEECONOMICBUSINESSACTIVITIE
13、SOCCURREDINENTERPRISES,BUTPARTOFTHEECONOMICBUSINESSACTIVITIESCANNOTBEMEASUREDACCORDINGTOTHEMONETARYVALUE,CONSEQUENTLYBRINGTHELOSSOFBUSINESSACTIVITIESINFORMATIONTHEDEVELOPMENTOFINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYHASWIDENEDACCOUNTINGMEASUREMENTSCALESANDCHANGEDTHEMEASUREMENTSCOPEOFTHETHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSENTERPRISESAC
14、COUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEMTHISPAPERMAINLYREBUILTTHEFRAMEWORKOFTHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSENTERPRISESACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEMSBYUSINGREAMODEL,THEREVISEDERMODELANDEVENTSDRIVENAPPROACHTHESOCALLEDERMODELISARELATIONSHIPDATAMODELOFCLASSIFYINGDATAINFORMATIONOFENTRYSYSTEMTOBYSUBJECT,RESPECTIVELYSTORINGINASPECIFIC
15、ENTITYTABLE,ANDESTABLISHINGTHELINKAGESBETWEENTHECORRESPONDINGFORMREAMODELBROUGHTFORWARDBYTHEAMERICANSCHOLARWILLIAMEMCCARTHYS,ANDITSMAINIDEAISTOMODELTHERESOURCE,THEEVENTSANDTHEAGENTSOFENTERPRISEANDTHERELATIONSHIPAMONGTHEMCOMBININGTHETWO,THEECONOMICBUSINESSACTIVITIESINTHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSENTERPRISESARE
16、INVOLVEDINTHENATURE,THEPARTICIPANTSANDTHECHANGEOFTHEENTERPRISESRESOURCEACCORDINGTOTHEPRINCIPLEOFERMODEL,ANDALLTHEENTERPRISEOBJECTSCANDIVIDEDINTOTHREEENTITIESEVENTSENTITIES,RESOURCESENTITIESANDAGENTENTITIESEACHENTITYALSOCANBEDIVIDEDINTOMORESPECIFICENTITIES,SUCHASAGENTENTITIESINCLUDINGEMPLOYEES,SUPPLI
17、ERS,CUSTOMERSANDOTHERENTITIESFOLLOWINGLETSEXAMPLETHEWAREHOUSINGACTIVITIESOFTHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSENTERPRISES,ANDDEMONSTRATETHEPROCESSOFDESIGNINGMODEL“EVENTDRIVEN“ISANIDEAINCOMPUTERSCIENCE,WHICHISTHATMOSTOFTHEPROGRAMSSTOREDINDATABASEAREEVENTSWAITINGFORTHECOMPLETIONOFSOMEACTIVITIES,USERSACCORDINGTOTHEIRO
18、WNNEEDS,IMPLEMENTTHECORRESPONDINGEVENTS,THECOMPUTERSYSTEMRESPONDTOTHEEVENTSUSERSMAKEANDTRANSFERTHEPARTICULARPROCEDUREAUTOMATICALLYTOCOMPLETETHEUSERSREQUIREMENTSWHENTHEIDEAISAPPLIEDTOTHEACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEMS,ITISTHATWHENECONOMICBUSINESSACTIVITIESOCCURRING,ACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEMSRECORDTHER
19、EALSITUATIONOFTHEACTIVITIES,ANDDONTTODOANYMODIFICATIONTHEN,USERORIENTEDEVENTDRIVENPROCEDURESDEALTWITHCERTAINRELATEDECONOMICBUSINESSACTIVITIES,ULTIMATELYTHEINFORMATIONNEEDEDWASEXTRACTEDBYTHEACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEMWECALLTHESEEVENTDRIVENPROGRAMSASUNITEVENTS,WHICHINCLUDINGNOTONLYACCOUNTINGMATTERS,BU
20、TNONACCOUNTINGMATTERSINSHORT,ITCANBESAIDTHATITISMATTERORIENTEDALLUSERINFORMATIONNEEDSFROMALOGICALPERSPECTIVE,THESYSTEMINCLUDINGFOURMAJORPARTSBUSINESSPROCESS,ENTITYRECORD,EVENTDRIVENANDUSAGEOFINFORMATIONSEETABLE11BUSINESSPROCESSWHENBUSINESSACTIVITIESWEREATTHETIMEOFTHEFORTHCOMING,THEENTERPRISESOPERATI
21、ONALDEPARTMENTSREQUESTEDTOTHEACCOUNTINGDEPARTMENTSBUDGETANDSTANDARDMANAGEMENTCENTRE,ANDREPORTEDTHEBUSINESSIMPROPRIATINGORSPENDINGRESOURCES,MANAGEMENTCONTROLCENTREBASEDONPASTEXPERIENCEANDSTANDARDSBUDGETDECIDEWHETHERTHEBUSINESSOCCUR,ANDTIMELYINFORMTHEOPERATIONALDEPARTMENTS2ENTITYRECORDOPERATIONALDEPAR
22、TMENTSBASEDONGOODPRERECORDEDFORMATDOAREALRECORDONTHEECONOMICBUSINESSOFACTIVITIES,ANDSTOREITINTOENTITYDBDURINGTHISPROCESS,THEACCOUNTINGDEPARTMENTSCOOPERATEWITHTHEOPERATIONDEPARTMENTSDOAGOODJOBOFCANONICALOPERATINGRECORD3EVENTDRIVENUSERSTHROUGHTHEINTERFACEOFMANPC,BASEDONTHEIROWNINFORMATIONNEEDS,DRIVESO
23、MEPROGRAMSTOREDINTHEUNITEDB,THEPROGRAMWILLAUTOMATICALLYTRANSFERTHEDATASTOREDINENTITYDBANDPROCESS,FINALLYMAKEFEEDBACKTOTHEUSERSWITHTHEGAINEDINFORMATION4USAGEOFINFORMATIONONONEHAND,ACCOUNTANTUSETHEINFORMATIONMAKESTANDARDSETTING,CONFIRMTHEBUDGETANDPROVIDEVARIOUSACCOUNTINGSTATEMENTSONTHEOTHERHANDNONACCO
24、UNTANTREFERTOTHEINFORMATIONANDOTHERTOOLSTODODECISIONMAKINGANDMAXIMIZETHEIROWNINTERESTSCLEARLY,SUCHAACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEMISADECISIONMAKINGORIENTED,ORGANICANDOPENSYSTEMWITHHAVINGANEFFECTIVEINTERNALCONTROLMECHANISM3THEADVANTAGESOFTHEACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEM31AGOODCOOPERATIONANYTHINGISALWAYSLIN
25、KEDTOCERTAINENVIRONMENT,EXISTSANDDEVELOPS,THIRDPARTYLOGISTICSENTERPRISESINTHESUPPLYCHAINLINKINGPLAYAROLEOFABRIDGEALTHOUGHTHETHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSBUSINESSASASEPARATEENTITYEXISTINTHEMARKET,ITANDOTHERENTERPRISESSTILLHAVETOMAINTAINACLOSERELATIONSHIPTHISISBECAUSETHECONSUMERSINORDERTOENSURENORMALOPERATIONOF
26、THEIRPRODUCTION,THEYMUSTUNDERSTANDANDCONTROLTHEFLOWANDTHEKEEPINGOFMATERIALSTIMELY,WHICHCALLSTHATTHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSENTERPRISESACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEMSCOOPERATEWITHUPDOWNSTREAMENTERPRISES,TOGETHERCONTROLANDMANAGETHEVALUEADDEDACTIVITIESOCCURREDINTHEWHOLESUPPLYCHAIN,ANDACHIEVEREALLYSUPPLYCHAINCOMPE
27、TITIONINADDITION,INTHETRADITIONALENTERPRISEORGANIZATIONMODE,THEENTERPRISESBUSINESSACTIVITIESAREDIVIDEDINACCORDANCEWITHTHEFUNCTIONSANDIMPLEMENT,SOTHELACKOFCOORDINATIONBETWEENDEPARTMENTSTHE“ISLANDSOFINFORMATION“INEVITABLYCOMEINTOBEINGTHENEWSYSTEMREALLYRECORDANDREFLECTTHEECONOMICBUSINESSACTIVITIES,DONO
28、TREQUIREACCOUNTANTSNOTEINTOTHESYSTEMACCORDINGTOTHEPREFORMAT,CONSEQUENTLYAVOIDDUPLICATIONOFINFORMATIONCOLLECTIONANDSHORTCOMINGSANDACCOUNTANTNOLONGERWERELIMITEDTOTHEACCOUNTINGDEPARTMENTS,BUTTOPARTICIPATEINTHEENTERPRISESOPERATIONALACTIVITIESTOCOORDINATEOTHERDEPARTMENTSDOWELLACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONRECORDS
29、ANDANALYTICALWORKINADDITION,OTHERCOMPANIESCOULDLINEONATHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSENTERPRISESACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEMTHROUGHTHEINTERNET,TIMELYQUERYANDKNOWTHEFLOWSITUATIONOFLOGISTICS,DOWELLTHEIRPRODUCTIONPLANS32TOMEETTHENEEDSOFMULTIUSERSWITHTHECHANGEOFTHEENVIRONMENT,THEUSEOBJECTSOFACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONBECO
30、MEEXPANSION,INCLUDINGALLLEVELSOFENTERPRISEMANAGEMENT,ALLINVESTMENTBODIESOUTSIDE,GOVERNMENTAGENCIES,INTERMEDIARYORGANIZATIONS,ANDSOON,AMONGTHEMTHEREAREACCOUNTANTANDNONACCOUNTANTTRADITIONALACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEMCANONLYGENERATEFINANCIALSTATEMENTSAFFORDEDTOFINANCIALEXECUTIVEANDFEWERACCOUNTINGINFORM
31、ATION,WHICHMAKETHEUSEOBJECTSBECOMENARROWBUTINTHENEWSYSTEMENTITYDBRECORDALLRESOURCESANDECONOMICBUSINESSACTIVITIES,USERSTHROUGHEVENTDRIVENBUTTONSONINTERACTIVEINTERFACECANGETTHEINFORMATIONTHEYWANTACCORDINGTOTHEVALUECHAINMANAGEMENT,ANYOFTHEACTIVITIESSHOULDBETHEVALUEADDEDPROCESS,ANDACCOUNTISAMEASUREMEANS
32、OFTHEVALUEOFECONOMICACTIVITY,THEREFORE,ANYECONOMICACTIVITYTHROUGHTHEACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEMCANBEMEASUREDANDREFLECTEDHOWEVER,ASPARTOFTHECURRENTBUSINESSACTIVITIESCANNOTBEMEASUREDBYMONEY,ANDWEARECURRENTLYUNABLETOFINDSUITABLEMEANSOFMEASURINGTHEVALUE,WHICHCAUSEDSOMEECONOMICACTIVITIESNOTREFLECTEDTHROU
33、GHACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEM33TOCONTROLAFTERWARDS,ANDCONTROLINADVANCEANDINCONCURRENTACCOUNTHASTHEFUNCTIONSOFSUPERVISIONANDCONTROLOFTHEECONOMICACTIVITIESOFTHEENTERPRISEANDTHETRADITIONALMANUALACCOUNTANDOFTHECOMPUTERACCOUNTINGSYSTEMFOR“ACCOUNTING“CANONLYDOINSPECTIONAFTERWARDS,THEMISTAKESCOULDNOTBEAVOI
34、DEDNEWACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEMINTEGRATEOFREALTIMEPROCESSING,THESTANDARDCOST,AUTHORIZEDTHEAPPROVALPROCESSCONTROL,BUDGETMANAGEMENT,ANDSOON,SOTHATEMPLOYEESBASEDONTHESTANDARDBUDGET,CHANGEFROMPASSIVETOACTIVETOMANAGETHEIROWNACTIVITIES,DOREALTIMECHECK,CONTROL,ANDTIMELYIDENTIFYPROBLEMS,CORRECTDEVIATIONSA
35、NDDOTRULYCONTROLAFTERWARDS,INADVANCEANDINCONCURRENTREFERENCECOLANONICSRPMANES,ANDABWINSTON1971“AUNIFIEDAPPROACHTOTHETHEORYOFACCOUNTINGANDINFORMATIONSYSTEMS”THEACCOUNTINGREVIEWJANUARY,1971MICHAELEPORTERSTRATEGYANDTHEINTERNET2001HARVARDBUSINESSREVIEW,MARCHRONWEBER1999,INFORMATIONSYSTEMSCONTROLANDAUDIT
36、PRENTICEHALL,INC,1999WILLIAMEMCCARTHY1982“THEREAACCOUNTINGMODELAGENERALIZEDFRAMEWORKFORACCOUNTINGSYSTEMSINASHAREDDATAENVIRONMENT”,JTHEACCOUNTINGREVIEW,JULY1982TABLE1SIMPLEWAREHOUSINGACTIVITIESANDERENTITYTABLEECONOMICACTIVITIESBUSINESSEVENTSERENTITYTABLEEVENTSRESOURCESAGENTSWAREHOUSINGENTRYSAFEKEEPIN
37、GLEAVEENTRYREQUISITIONENTRYCHECKERCHECKEDENTRYCHECKERLEAVEREQUISITIONCHECKEDLEAVEINVENTORYSTORAGEWAREHOUSEMANTRANSPORTTEAMSTEVEDOREPORTERSOURCEINTERNATIONALBUSINESSRESEARCH,THEANALYZEONACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONSYSTEMOFTHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSENTERPRISE,APRIL2008,P124127译文第三方物流企业会计信息系统分析摘要面对快速的信息技术开发,以及新的管理理论
38、的出现,本文作者分析常规会计系统的弊端,用现代信息技术的先进思想和合作理论重新设计会计信息系统在第三方物流企业的框架,并指出新系统的优势。关键词物流企业会计信息系统内部控制自二十世纪六十年代以来,竞争在市场上日趋激烈,工作分工更为具体。在这种背景下,信息技术快速发展并深深影响着其他行业。第三方物流企业作为一个新行业同样受到影响和改变。企业通过在会计信息系统中信息技术的使用,不仅放大自己的业务范围,而且提高服务质量。然而我国的会计电算化工作起步较晚,各方面发展得还不完善,就现行的会计电算化而言,还明显滞后于现代技术的发展,远远不能适应企业管理的需要。1对传统会计制度的分析我国的会计信息系统是在卢
39、卡帕乔利的会计理论的基础上发展到现在。这个系统使用原始凭证记录企业发生的各项活动。根据会计信息系统的分类,进行负债及所有者权益变动的汇编。虽然这个系统被长时间的使用和推广,但是会计信息系统的基本框架已经变化。体现在以下几点1各项事件发生后信息的收集过程。可以帮助企业做管理,控制,决策。2制度满足于需求供应链的管理。3满足多用户的需求。2第三方物流企业中会计信息系统的重建随着信息技术的发展,我们运用信息的能力越来越强,信息技术作为一种重要的资源,在企业的操控和决策的过程中扮演一个重要的角色。虽然第三方物流企业是一个新兴行业,但是竞争的程度是相当激烈,为了在市场上站稳一席之地并且发展,每一个第三方
40、物流企业必须使用信息技术再造业务流程,提高它的核心竞争力。在“供应链是利润的第三源泉”的指导下,第三方物流企业作为供应链的一部分被要求在适当的时间和地点根据已有的价格为消费者提供个性化、专业化,系统化的物流服务。与此同时,消费者与第三方物流企业也保持着密切的关系,等于在管理和控制整个物流过程。根据迈克尔波特价值链管理理论,我们普遍认为,在价值链上,第三方物流企业为整个供应链创造了时间和空间的价值。会计的本质是利用价值的手段,以反映企业的经济活动,最终满足对会计信息的需求。第三方物流企业通过会计处理方法管理发生在企业的经济业务活动,但是,经济业务的一部分活动不能被衡量通过货币价值,因此带来了一部
41、分商业活动信息的损失。信息技术的发展使会计确认和计量尺度扩大,改变了第三方物流企业会计信息系统的计量范围。本文主要通过使用REA模型,修改后的ER模型和事件驱动方法重建了第三方物流企业会计信息系统的框架。所谓的ER模型是一种进入系统分类资料信息的数据关系模型,它将信息储存在一个特定的位置里,并建立了相应形式之间的联系。REA模型是由美国学者威廉麦卡锡提出的,它的主要思想是建立了事件的资源和企业代理商之间的相互关系。根据ER系统的原则,所有的企业对象可以分为三个实体事件实体、资源实体和代理实体每个单位也可分为更具体的实体,如代理单位包括员工、供应商、客户和其他实体。接下来我们举例说明第三方物流企
42、业的仓储活动,并展示设计过程模型。“时间驱动”是计算机科学中的一个概念,其中大部分项目储存在数据库中备案,用户根据自己的需要,实施了相应的活动,计算机系统通过事件用户的使用和转让的特殊程序自动完成用户的要求。这个观念应用到会计信息系统时,当商务经济活动发生时,会计信息系统记录活动发生的实际情况,不能任何修改。然后,面向用户的事件驱动程序将会处理有关经济业务的某些活动,最终提取会计信息系统所需的信息。我们称这些事件驱动时的程序为事件单位,其中不仅包括与会计有关的事项,还包括非会计事项。从一个逻辑的角度来看此系统包括四个主要部分业务流程、实体记录,事件驱动和使用的信息。(1)业务流程。当商业活动即
43、将发生时,企业的经营部门要求会计部和管理中心,按照标准进行消费资源的预算,管理控制中心根据以往的经验和预算标准确定接下来的业务,并及时告知操作部门。(2)实体记录。经营部门以诚实守信的原则记录经济业务的活动,将其记录和存储。在这个过程中,有关的会计部门作业部门相互合作,做好规范的操作记录工作。(3)事件驱动。用户通过操作界面,根据他们自己的信息需求,进行查找等工作,程式会自动将存储的数据调用,最终将收获的信息提供给用户使用。(4)使用的信息。一方面,会计信息的使用标准确认预算和提供各种会计报表。另一方面以其他工具做决策的非会计信息也会被使用,使自身利益最大化。显然,这样一种会计信息系统是以决策
44、使用导向为一体的一个有机、开放、有效的内部控制机制体系。3会计信息系统的优势(1)一个良好合作任何事总是在某些的环境影响下存在和发展,企业第三方后勤在供应链中发挥一个桥梁的链接作用。尽管第三方后勤业务作为一个单独实体存在于市场上,但是与其他企业还不得不保持一个密切关系。这是因为消费者为了保障生产正常运行,他们必须理解和控制流程并保持材料供应及时,以此满足第三方物流企业的要求,使会计信息系统配合企业一起控制和管理发生在整个供应链的增值活动,实现真的供应链竞争。此外,传统的企业组织模式,是按照功能实施企业的商业分裂活动,缺乏部门之间的协调,便导致“信息的岛屿”无可避免的诞生了。新系统经济业务真实的
45、记录和反映信息活动,不需要会计师时刻关注和操作信息系统,因而避免重复收集信息的缺点,使会计不再限制在会计部门,而能够参与企业的经营活动并协调各部门做好会计信息的记录和分析工作。此外,其他公司也可以通过互联网链接第三方物流企业得会计信息系统,及时的查询和了解物流状况,以便做好生产计划。(2)从多用户之间的需求出发随着环境的改变,利用会计信息系统的对象也随之扩张,其中包括各级企业对投资项目的管理以及政府机构和中介组织等。传统的会计信息系统只能给金融行业提供带来较少效益的财务报表,使会计信息系统的使用对象变得十分狭窄。但是新的会计信息系统实体数据库记录了所有资源和商务经济活动,用户通过交互事件驱动界
46、面按钮就能得到他们所需的任何信息。根据对价值链的管理,会计价值是衡量经济活动的手段,任何活动都是一个要增值的过程,因此,任何经济活动都可以通过会计信息系统测量和体现出来。然而,现有的一部分业务活动是无法用金钱衡量的,我们无法找到适当的方式测量其值,这就造成了一些经济活动无法用会计信息系统反映。(3)提前控制和后期发展并行会计有监督和控制企业经济活动的功能。传统手工计算机会计系统只能做后期检验,因此失误是不可避免。而新的会计信息系统实时整合信息并进行标准成本处理、授权批准过程、控制、预算管理等。这样,员工基于标准预算由被动到主动的管理他们自己的活动,做好实时检查、控制并及时识别问题的正负偏差,真正做到提前控制和后期发展并行。表格1经济活动业务事件ER实体表事件资本代理人储入仓库条目保管输出条目征用条目检查输出征用检查输出库存存储仓管员运输团队码头工人搬运工出处国际商务研究,分析会计信息系统在第三方物流企业,2008年4月2日,P124127。