1、1北师大版高中英语 知识概要与语法总结必修一 第一单元：一般现在时，现在进行时，be going to 第二单元：一般过去时，过去进行时，现在完成时第三单元：被动语态，情态动词北师大版高一英语必修一第 1 单元一.重点句法词法。Lesson 11. relaxing. Relaxing 是由及物动词 relax+ing 构成的形容词，意思是“轻松的，令人放松的” 。Boring 和 relaxing 的构词法相同，意思是“令人厌烦的，单调乏味的” 。Relaxed“放松的”和 bored“无聊的” 常用来修饰人；而relaxing 和 boring 均表示 “令人” ，常修饰物。Mary fe
2、lt relaxed to make a relaxing conversation with a good friend, while Peter got bored with a lot of boring homework to do.和一个好朋友的轻松交谈让玛丽感到很放松，而要做很多无聊的作业使彼得感到很厌烦。The teacher said something relaxing to get him relaxed, so Peter decided to do something satisfying to make the tacher satisfied.老师对他说了一些让人放
3、松的事情使他放松，于是彼得决定做2点儿令人满意的事情让老师满意。2.suppose（认为，猜想）的用法。(1)suppose+that 从句，表示“猜测，假定” 。I suppose that you are right. 我想你是对的。(2)supose+名词/代词 +to be表示“认为是”Many people suppose him to be over 50.许多人认为他已经 50 多岁了。(3)suppose/supposing 作“假定，设想”讲，相当于连词 if.Suppose you are wrong,what will you do then? 假如你错了，你将会怎样做呢
4、？(4)be supposed to“被期望做，应该做”表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，相当于情态动词 should.Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or just this one? 我是应该打扫所有房间呢还是只这一间？They were supposed to be here an hour ago.(5)用于简略答语中。-Do you think well have good weather this weekend? 你认为周末天气会好吗？-I suppose so/not. 我想会吧/ 我想不会。5.Imagine.3(1)imaging sb
5、. Doing sth. 想象某人做某事I just can imagine him saying that! 我确实能想象到他那么说！(3)imagine sb./sth.(to be)认为某人/ 某事Dont imagine your husband to be always wrong.(4)imagine+that 从句 想象，误认为Your cant imagine he should make such a mistake.你不到他竟然犯了这样的错误。6.forty-three-year-old 是复合形容词，作定语，其中 year 不能用复数。7.until 到（时间、地点）为止
6、He stayed here until twelve oclock. 他在这里一直待到十二点。Until 还可以作连词 。notuntil意思是“直到才”He will not give you any answer until he has thought it over. 他对此事仔细考虑之后才会给你答复。8.与“开、关”有关的词(1)open/close/shut 与 door, window, box, book,eyes 等连用(2)switch on/off 多与 radio, TV, light, computer 等连用(3)turn on/off 比 switch on/o
7、ff 更通俗，多与 radio, gas, water 等连用。49.while 引导时间状语从句，意思是 “当的时候，与同时” ，表示两个动作同时进行或两种状态同时存在。He was still studying while the others were sleeping.While 还可以表示“ 然而、却” ，连接两个并列句，含有 对比的意味。Many people try their best to help the homeless while some just stand by.很多人尽力于帮助那些无家可归的人，而有些人只是袖手旁观。12.It takes sb. Some ti
8、me to do sth.It takes some time for sb. To do sth.这两个句型是固定句型，意思是“某人花费多少时间做某事”13.“get+过去分词”构成系表结构，通常强调动作的发生，也可指状态的变化。此类结构还有：get lost 迷路get dressed 穿衣get hurt 受伤get paid 得到报酬get married 结婚514.动词不定式作后置定语。当被修饰的名词或代词有序数词、形容词最高级或 next, last only 等限定词时，要使用动词不定式作定语。I am always the first person to get to the
9、 office. 我总是第一个到办公室。Miss Brown is the last person to rise to speak.布朗小姐是最后一个站起来发言的人。15.be filled with 充满着，相当于 be full offillup with 用装满，填满fill in 填写；度过（时光）16.so+形容词或副词+that引导结果状语从句，意思是“如此以至于”(1)so that=in order thatHe works very hard so that he can buy his own apartment.他努力工作，为的是能买一套自己的公寓。(2)suchtha
10、t 作“如此以至于”讲，连接一个表示结果的状语从句。He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher.他非常诚实，因而受到了老师的表扬。6注意：如果后边的名词前由 many, much,few, little 等词修饰的话，则不用 such 而用 plain to sb.about/of sth. 向某人抱怨/诉苦complain about sth. to sb. 向某人抱怨某事She is always complaining about something. 她总是满腹牢骚Lesson 22.stresslay/pl
11、ace/put stress on 把重点放在上3.take place 与 happen, occur 的用法区别take place:指按计划、安排“发生” ；“举行，进行” ，相当于holdhappen：指偶然、意外的 “发生” ；“碰巧 ”，后面接动词不定式occur 作“发生”解，一般可与 happen 互换。Occur 还表示“想起、想到”It happened that the driver was his cousin. 那位司机碰巧是他的表弟。7When will the basketball game take place? 篮球赛何时举行？The idea occurre
12、d to him in a dream.5.reduceto 表示“减少到” ；其中介词 to 表示“减少后的结果”reduceby 表示“减少了” ；其中介词 by 表示“减少的程度或幅度”7.prefer sth./doing sth.更喜欢Prefer to do sth. 宁愿做某事Prefer sth./doing sth. to sth./doing sth.宁愿而不愿Prefer sb. To do sth. 宁愿某人做某事Prefer to do sth. rather than do 宁愿而不愿Lesson 31.volunteer 作动词，表“自愿去做”常跟 to do 不
13、定式The young man volunteered to help the old man. 那个年轻人主动去帮助那位老年人。2. pay attention to注意，留心，重视， Draw/attract ones attetion (to)引起某人的注意；使某人注意8Lesson 42.有关 make sure 的短语(1) make sure that+宾语从句注意：make sure 后面常接 that 引导的宾语从句，后接名词时需加介词 of/about 一般不用不定式，没有 make sure to do sth.的句型。(2) be sure to do sth.务必/一定
14、会做某事(3) be sure of/about be sure that+从句，表示肯定，对有把握3.especially, specialy, particularlyespecially:意为“尤其、特别地” 。用来加强语气，常用在所强调的主语、介词短语、形容词、副词及状语从句前。specially:意这“特意的，专门地” 。强调不广泛，是专门为某一目的而进行的特地行为。Particularly：=in particular“特别的，尤其” ；表过某事不寻常、过分或特别重要。常用于修饰名词、介词短语。6.as a result 因此，结果As a result of +n./pron.
15、由于e up with 提出，想出（计划、主意等）9Come across 偶然遇到Come about 发生，产生Come out 发行； Come true 成真，变成现实9. “主语+be+said/thought/believed/supposed 等+动词不定式”句型表示“据说，人们说” ，相当于”It is/was+said/thought/believed/supposed 等+that 从句”It is said that Sydney is beautiful.10.make a difference：有关系，有影响二.语法1.一般现在时构成和句式：肯定式：主语+do/doe
16、s 或 be(me/is/are)+其他否定式：主语+do/does+not 或 be(me/is/are)+not+其他疑问式：Do/Does 或 Be(am/is/are)+主语 +其他用法：（1）表示现在发生的动作或存在的状态。You look good in this new suit.10（2）表示经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与 usually, often, always, every day, sometimes, once a month, never 等连用。I often feel cold at this time of year.（3）表示普遍真理和客观存在的事
17、实。But it is spring now. It is warm in spring.（4）表示计划、安排好的将来动作。常用表示位置转移的动词。如 go, come, arrive, leave, start, begin 等。The train leaves a 3:30 p.m.（5）在时间或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Well go to the park if it does not rain tomorrow.2.现在进行时构成和句式：肯定式：主语+ be(me/is/are)+doing+ 其他否定式：主语+ be(me/is/are)not+doing+其他疑问式：be(me/is/are)+ 主语+doing+其他用法：（1）表示正在时行的动作。Peter, what are you doing there?（2）表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定进行的动作。
