1、外文文献翻译译文原文ECONOMICEXPOSUREANDACCOUNTINGEXPOSUREACCOUNTINGEXPOSUREORTRANSLATIONEXPOSUREMEASURESHOWTHECONSOLIDATEDFINANCIALSTATEMENTS/ACCOUNTSOFANMNCWILLBEAFFECTEDBYEXCHANGERATEFLUCTUATIONSACCOUNTINGEXPOSUREDOESNOTDIRECTLYAFFECTCASHFLOWS,HOWEVERMANAGEMENTOFACCOUNTINGEXPOSUREISCONCERNEDWITHTHEPOTENTIAL
2、IMPACTANDSTOCKMARKETIMPLICATIONSOFCONSOLIDATEDFINANCIALACCOUNTSARISINGFROMTHETRANSLATIONOFTHEACCOUNTSITEMSOFTHEMNCTHEUSEOFACCOUNTINGMETHODSHASANEFFECTONTHEDEGREEOFACCOUNTINGEXPOSURE,ASWELLASTHESIZEANDACTIVITYOFFOREIGNSUBSIDIARIESINTHEFOLLOWINGWEINTRODUCEFOURACCOUNTINGMETHODSFORTRANSLATINGTHEACCOUNTS
3、ANDACCOUNTSITEMSOFAFOREIGNSUBSIDIARYOFAMNCANDTHEIREFFECTSONTHECONSOLIDATEDACCOUNTSOFTHEMNCTHECURRENTRATEMETHOD,THETEMPORALMETHOD,THEMONETARY/NONMONETARYMETHODANDTHECURRENT/NONCURRENTMETHODTHECURRENTRATEMETHODISTHESIMPLESTALLFINANCIALSTATEMENTITEMSARETRANSLATEDATTHECURRENTEXCHANGERATEEXCEPTEQUITYITEM
4、SASSETSANDLIABILITIESARETRANSLATEDATTHERATEOFEXCHANGEINEFFECTONTHEBALANCESHEETDATEINCOMESTATEMENT1ITEMSARETRANSLATEDATEITHERTHEACTUALEXCHANGERATEONTHEDATESTHEVARIOUSREVENUES,EXPENSES,GAINSANDLOSSESWEREINCURREDORATAWEIGHTEDAVERAGEEXCHANGERATEFORTHEPERIODDISTRIBUTIONSOFDIVIDENDSARETRANSLATEDATTHERATEI
5、NEFFECTONTHEDATEOFPAYMENTEQUITYITEMSARETRANSLATEDATTHEHISTORICALRATEINEFFECTWHENTHEITEMWASFIRSTRECORDEDONTHEACCOUNTGAINSORLOSSESFROMTRANSLATIONARECLOSEDTOANEQUITYRESERVEACCOUNTCALLEDTHECUMULATIVETRANSLATIONADJUSTMENTCTA,ANDWILLNOTAPPEARINTHEMNCSCONSOLIDATEDINCOMESTATEMENT,UNLESSTHEFOREIGNSUBSIDIARYI
6、NCURRINGTHEGAINORLOSSISLIQUIDATEDTHEBALANCESHEETWILLALWAYSBEBALANCEDBYTHECTAWITHTHISTRANSLATIONMETHOD1THEINCOMESTATEMENTREFERSTOTHEPROFIT/LOSSACCOUNTINTHEUKUNDERTHECURRENT/NONCURRENTMETHOD,ASSETSANDLIABILITIESARECATEGORISEDBYTHEIRMATURITYANDARETRANSLATEDACCORDINGLYITISBECAUSETHEVALUEOFCURRENTACCOUNT
7、ITEMS,ORITEMSMATUREINSHORTPERIODS,ISMOSTLIKELYTOCHANGEWHENTHEEXCHANGERATECHANGESTHATIS,ALLCURRENTACCOUNTITEMSARETRANSLATEDATTHECURRENTEXCHANGERATEANDNONCURRENTACCOUNTITEMSARETRANSLATEDATTHEHISTORICALRATEINEFFECTWHENTHEITEMWASFIRSTRECORDEDENTEREDTHEBOOKINCOMESTATEMENTITEMSARETRANSLATEDATEITHERTHEACTU
8、ALEXCHANGERATEONTHEDATEWHENTHEITEMWASINCURREDORATAWEIGHTEDAVERAGEEXCHANGERATEFORTHEPERIODTHEREMAYBETRANSLATIONGAINSORTRANSLATIONLOSSESADOPTINGTHISMETHOD,WHICHAPPEARSINTHECONSOLIDATEDINCOMESTATEMENTOFTHEMNCTHEMONETARY/NONMONETARYMETHODDEEMSTHATONLYTHEVALUEOFMONETARYITEMSWILLCHANGEWHENTHEEXCHANGERATEC
9、HANGES,WHEREASTHEVALUEOFNONMONETARYITEMSWILLNOTBEAFFECTEDSOMATURITYISNOTANAPPROPRIATECRITERIONUNDERCERTAINCIRCUMSTANCESREGARDINGTHECURRENCYTRANSLATIONOFASUBSIDIARYSACCOUNTSWITHTHEMONETARY/NONMONETARYMETHODS,MONETARYBALANCESHEETITEMS,EG,CASH,ACCOUNTSRECEIVABLE,ACCOUNTSPAYABLE,ANDLONGTERMDEBTARETRANSL
10、ATEDATCURRENTEXCHANGERATESANDNONMONETARYBALANCESHEETITEMS,EG,INVENTORY2,PLANTANDEQUIPMENT,LONGTERMINVESTMENTS,ARETRANSLATEDATTHEHISTORICALEXCHANGERATEINCOMESTATEMENTITEMSARETRANSLATEDATTHEAVERAGEEXCHANGERATEFORTHEPERIODEXCEPTFORDEPRECIATIONANDCOSTOFGOODSSOLDWHICHAREASSOCIATEDWITHNONMONETARYITEMS,THE
11、SEITEMSARETRANSLATEDATTHEIRHISTORICALRATEDISTRIBUTIONSOFDIVIDENDSARETRANSLATEDATTHEEXCHANGERATEINEFFECTTHEDATEOFPAYMENTEQUITYITEMSARETRANSLATEDATTHEHISTORICALRATESIMILARTOTHECURRENT/NONCURRENTMETHOD,THEREMAYBETRANSLATIONGAINSORTRANSLATIONLOSSESAPPEARINGINTHECONSOLIDATEDINCOMESTATEMENTUNDERTHETEMPORA
12、LMETHOD,SPECIFICASSETSANDLIABILITIESARETRANSLATEDATEXCHANGERATESCONSISTENTWITHTHETIMINGOFTHESEITEMSCREATIONTHATIS,ASSETSANDLIABILITIESSHOULDBETRANSLATEDBASEDONHOWTHEYARECARRIEDONTHEACCOUNTS2STOCKISUSEDINPLACEOFINVENTORYINTHEUKBALANCESHEETITEMSARETRANSLATEDATTHECURRENTEXCHANGERATEIFTHEYARECARRIEDONTH
13、EACCOUNTSATTHEIRCURRENTVALUEITEMSTHATARECARRIEDONTHEACCOUNTSATHISTORICALCOSTSARETRANSLATEDATTHEHISTORICALEXCHANGERATESINEFFECTATTHETIMETHEITEMSWERERECORDEDONTHEACCOUNTSTHISTREATMENTMEANSTHATINMOSTCASESTHETEMPORALMETHODOFCURRENCYTRANSLATIONISSIMILARTOTHEMONETARY/NONMONETARYMETHODEXCEPTTHATTHETRANSLAT
14、IONOFINVENTORYISTHESAMEASUNDERTHECURRENT/NONCURRENTMETHODTHEDIFFERENCESINTHESETRANSLATIONMETHODSLIEINHOWTODETERMINEWHICHFOREIGNCURRENCYDENOMINATEDASSETSANDLIABILITIESWILLBETRANSLATEDATTHECURRENTEXCHANGERATEANDWHICHWILLBETRANSLATEDATTHEHISTORICALEXCHANGERATETHECURRENTEXCHANGERATEISPOSTCHANGEEXCHANGER
15、ATEANDTHEHISTORICALEXCHANGERATEISPRECHANGEEXCHANGERATESO,ITEMSTRANSLATEDATTHECURRENTEXCHANGERATEAREEXPOSEDTOFOREIGNEXCHANGERISKINTHEACCOUNTINGCONCEPTANDMEASURE,WHEREASITEMSTRANSLATEDATTHEHISTORICALEXCHANGERATEARENOTEXPOSEDTOFOREIGNEXCHANGERISKACCOUNTINGEXPOSUREISINDEEDTHENETEXPOSUREOFASSETSANDLIABIL
16、ITIES,IE,THEDIFFERENCEBETWEENEXPOSEDASSETSANDEXPOSEDLIABILITIES,WHICHVARIESWITHTHETRANSLATIONMETHODADOPTEDUNDERTHECURRENTRATEMETHOD,ALLASSETSANDLIABILITIESASREGARDEDASEXPOSEDUNDERTHECURRENT/NONCURRENTMETHOD,ONLYCURRENTASSETSANDLIABILITIESAREEXPOSEDUNDERTHEMONETARY/NONMONETARYMETHOD,ONLYMONETARYASSET
17、SANDLIABILITIESAREEXPOSEDUNDERTHETEMPORALMETHOD,ASSETSANDLIABILITIESVALUEDATTHECURRENTCOSTAREEXPOSEDANDASSETSANDLIABILITIESVALUEDATTHEHISTORICALCOSTARENOTEXPOSEDFOLLOWINGISACASEILLUSTRATINGTHEFOURTRANSLATIONMETHODSTABLE162ISTHEBALANCESHEETOFAUSSUBSIDIARYOFADUTCHMNCFIXEDASSETS,LONGTERMDEBTANDCOMMONST
18、OCKWEREACQUIREDATTHEHISTORICALEXCHANGERATEOF09/INVENTORYWASPURCHASEDOVERAPERIODWHENTHEAVERAGEEXCHANGERATEWAS10/THEAVERAGEEXCHANGERATEIN2003WASALSO10/HOWEVER,TOKEEPTHECASESIMPLY,RETAINEDEARNINGSINTHELOCALCURRENCYOFUSDOLLARSAREASSUMEDTOBEZEROTHEREFORE,THERETAINEDEARNINGSINTHECONSOLIDATEDINCOMESTATEMEN
19、TAREALLDUETOTRANSLATIONGAINSORLOSSESTHEUSDOLLARDEPRECIATEDONJANUARY2,2004THEEXCHANGERATEWAS11/BEFORETHEDEPRECIATIONONDECEMBER31,2003ANDBECAME12/AFTERTHEDEPRECIATIONONJANUARY2,2004TABLE162BALANCESHEETOFSUBSIDIARYINTHOUSANDASSETSLIABILITIESANDSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYCASH1,100ACCOUNTSPAYABLE1,500ACCOUNTSRECE
20、IVABLE2,400SHORTTERMLOANS500INVENTORY3,000LONGTERMDEBT6,000NETFIXEDASSETS9,000EQUITY/COMMON7,500STOCKTOTALASSETS15,500TOTALLIABILITIESAND15,500EQUITYTABLE163ISTHETRANSLATEDBALANCESHEETADOPTINGTHECURRENTRATEMETHOD,INWHICHALLACCOUNTITEMSARETRANSLATEDATTHECURRENTEXCHANGERATEEXCEPTEQUITYSO,ONLYEQUITY/CO
21、MMONSTOCKWASNOTEXPOSEDTOFOREIGNEXCHANGERISKINTHEACCOUNTINGCONCEPTANDMEASURE,WHICHREMAINED8333MAFTERTHEDEPRECIATIONOFTHEUSDOLLARTHEACCOUNTINGEXPOSUREWAS7500MCASH11ACCOUNTSRECEIVABLE24INVENTORY30BETFIXEDASSETS90ACCOUNTSPAYABLE15SHORTTERMLOANS05LONGTERMDEBT60INTHELOCALFUNCTIONCURRENCYOFTHEUSDOLLAR,6818
22、MBEFORETHEDEPRECIATIONOFTHEUSDOLLAR,AND6250MAFTERTHEDEPRECIATIONOFTHEUSDOLLARBOTHASSETSANDLIABILITIESWEREREDUCEDINVALUEAFTERTHEDEPRECIATION,WITHTHEREDUCTIONINTHEVALUEOFTHEASSETSBEINGLARGERTHANTHATINTHEVALUEOFTHELIABILITIESTHEREWASATRANSLATIONLOSSINTHECONSOLIDATEDBALANCESHEETUNDERTHECURRENTRATEMETHOD
23、ASINDICATEDBYANEGATIVECTATHECTAWAS1515MBEFORETHEDEPRECIATIONANDBECAME2083MAFTERTHEDEPRECIATION,SUGGESTINGTHEVALUEOFTHETRANSLATEDASSETSDROPPEDMORETHANTHEVALUEOFTHETRANSLATEDLIABILITIESDUETOTHEDEPRECIATIONTABLE164SHOWSTHETRANSLATEDBALANCESHEETITEMSUNDERTHECURRENT/NONCURRENTMETHOD,WHEREALLCURRENTACCOUN
24、TITEMSARETRANSLATEDATTHECURRENTEXCHANGERATEANDNONCURRENTACCOUNTITEMSARETRANSLATEDATTHEHISTORICALEXCHANGERATESO,EQUITY/COMMONSTOCK,NETFIXEDASSETSANDLONGTERMDEBTWERENOTEXPOSED,WHICHREMAINED8333M,10000MAND6667MRESPECTIVELYAFTERTHEDEPRECIATIONOFTHEUSDOLLARTHEREST,IE,CASH,ACCOUNTSRECEIVABLE,INVENTORY,ACC
25、OUNTSPAYABLEANDSHORTTERMLOANS,WEREEXPOSEDTHEACCOUNTINGEXPOSUREWASTABLE163CURRENTRATEMETHODINTHOUSANDVALUEINLOCALBEFOREDEPRECIATIONAFTERDEPRECIATIONCURRENCY/VALUEIN/VALUEINCASH1,100111,00012917ACCOUNTSRECEIVABLE2,400112,182122,000INVENTORY3,000112,727122,500NETFIXEDASSETS9,000118,182127,500TOTALASSET
26、S15,50014,09112,917ACCOUNTSPAYABLE1,500111,364121,250SHORTTERMLOANS5001145512417LONGTERMDEBT6,000115,455125,000EQUITY/COMMONSTOCK7,500098,333098,333RETAINEDEARNINGS000CTA1,5152,083TOTALLIABILITIESAND15,50014,09112,917EQUITYTABLE164CURRENT/NONCURRENTMETHODVALUEINLOCALBEFOREDEPRECIATIONAFTERDEPRECIATI
27、ONCURRENCY/VALUEIN/VALUEINCASH1,100111,00012917ACCOUNTSRECEIVABLE2,400112,182122,000INVENTORY3,000112,727122,500NETFIXEDASSETS9,0000910,0000910,000TOTALASSETS15,50015,90915,417ACCOUNTSPAYABLE1,500111,364121,250SHORTTERMLOANS5001145512417LONGTERMDEBT6,000096,667096,667EQUITY/COMMONSTOCK7,500098,33309
28、8,333RETAINEDEARNINGS09091250TOTALLIABILITIESAND15,50015,90915,417EQUITY4500MCASH11ACCOUNTSRECEIVABLE24INVENTORY30ACCOUNTSPAYABLE15SHORTTERMLOANS05INTHELOCALCURRENCYOFTHEUSDOLLAR,4091MBEFORETHEDEPRECIATIONOFTHEUSDOLLAR,AND3750MAFTERTHEDEPRECIATIONOFTHEUSDOLLARAGAIN,THEREDUCTIONINTHEVALUEOFTHEASSETSW
29、ASLARGERTHANOFTHELIABILITIESTHEREWASALSOATRANSLATIONLOSSINTHECONSOLIDATEDBALANCESHEETUNDERTHECURRENT/NONCURRENT,WHICHENTEREDTHEINCOMESTATEMENTASANEGATIVEFIGUREASRETAINEDEARNINGSADJUSTMENTTHETRANSLATIONLOSSUNDERTHISMETHODWASSMALLERTHANTHATUNDERTHECURRENTRATEMETHOD,WHICHWAS0909MBEFORETHEDEPRECIATIONAN
30、D1250MAFTERTHEDEPRECIATION,INDICATINGALARGERDROPINTHEVALUEOFTHEASSETSTHANINTHEVALUEOFTHELIABILITIESDUETOTHEDEPRECIATIONTHECASEFORTHEMONETARY/NONMONETARYMETHODISPRESENTEDINTABLE165INTHISCASE,INVENTORY,FIXEDASSETSANDEQUITYWERENOTEXPOSEDTOFOREIGNEXCHANGERATEFLUCTUATIONS,WHICHREMAINED3000M,10000MAND8333
31、MRESPECTIVELYAFTERTHEDEPRECIATIONOFTHEUSDOLLARTHEREST,IE,CASH,ACCOUNTSRECEIVABLE,ACCOUNTSPAYABLE,BOTHSHORTTERMLOANSANDLONGTERMDEBT,WEREEXPOSEDTHEACCOUNTINGEXPOSUREWAS4500MCASH11ACCOUNTSRECEIVABLE24ACCOUNTSPAYABLE15SHORTTERMLOANS05LONGTERMDEBT60INTHELOCALFUNCTIONCURRENCYOFTHEUSDOLLAR,4091MBEFORETHEDE
32、PRECIATIONOFTHEUSDOLLAR,AND3750MAFTERTHEDEPRECIATIONOFTHEUSDOLLARINTHISCASE,BOTHASSETSANDLIABILITIESWEREREDUCEDINVALUEDUETOTHEDEPRECIATION,WITHTHEREDUCTIONINTHEVALUEOFTHEASSETSBEINGSMALLERTHANTHATINTHEVALUEOFTHELIABILITIESTHEREWASATRANSLATIONGAINUNDERTHEMONETARY/NONMONETARYMETHOD,WHICHENTEREDTHEINCO
33、MESTATEMENTASRETAINEDEARNINGSADJUSTMENTTHEDEPRECIATIONRESULTEDINANINCREASEINTRANSLATIONGAINS,INDICATINGTHEFALLINTHEVALUEOFTHEASSETSISSMALLERTHANTHEFALLINTHEVALUEOFTHELIABILITIESDUETOTHEDEPRECIATIONTABLE165MONETARY/NONMONETARYMETHODVALUEINLOCALBEFOREDEPRECIATIONAFTERDEPRECIATIONCURRENCY/VALUEIN/VALUE
34、INCASH1,100111,00012917ACCOUNTSRECEIVABLE2,400112,182122,000INVENTORY3,000103,000103,000NETFIXEDASSETS9,0000910,0000910,000TOTALASSETS15,50016,18215,917ACCOUNTSPAYABLE1,500111,364121,250SHORTTERMLOANS5001145512417LONGTERMDEBT6,000115,455125,000EQUITY/COMMONSTOCK7,500098,333098,333RETAINEDEARNINGS057
35、6917TOTALLIABILITIESAND15,50016,18215,917EQUITYSOURCEPWANGECONOMICEXPOSUREANDACCOUNTINGEXPOSUREMTHEECONOMICSOFFOREIGNEXCHANGEANDGLOBALFINANCE,2009367374译文经济风险和会计风险会计风险或者折算风险在跨国公司的合并财务报表/项目上将受到汇率变动的影响。会计风险不会直接影响现金流通，但是会计风险的管理所涉及的是潜在影响和来自跨国公司的帐户项目折算的受股票市场影响的统一财务帐目。使用会计方法会对会计风险产生一定程度的影响，同时也会对外国子公司的大小和活
36、动起到影响。下面我介绍了四种会计方法来折算报表、解释一家跨国公司的国外子公司的会计项目和对跨国公司合并账目的影响现行汇率法，时态法，货币/非货币法,现行/非现行法。汇率法是最简单的所有的财务报表项目都被折算成现行汇率除了权益。资产和负债根据汇兑率折算对资产负债表日产生影响。损益表的项目，既可按实际汇率的日期的各项收入，费用，收益和损失发生，也可按在该期间内的加权平均汇率折算。股利分配的折算在股利支付日生效。权益项目被第一次记录到账户中时，均按其当时有效的汇率折算。从折算的收益或损耗到一个权益准备账户，这些被称之为累积换算调整（CTA），而且不会在跨国公司的汇总损益表上出现，除非子公司引起的收益
37、或损失被清算。通过上述折算法资产负债会始终保持平衡。在现行/非现行法中，资产和负债按他们的期限被分类以及相应的被折算。这是因为在短时间内，现行账户报表的价值或到期报表会随汇率的变化而变化。因此，现行账户报表按现行汇率折算，非现行账户项目按第一次记录账薄时的汇率折算。损益表项目既按发生时的当日实际汇率折算，也可按在此期间的加权平均汇率折算。在跨国公司的汇总损益表中采用这些方法可能会产生折算收益和损耗。货币和非货币法认为只有当汇率发生变化时货币项目的价值才会变化，但是非货币项目的价值不会受其影响。所以对于一个子公司的货币项目折算，到期日不是一个适当的标准。通过使用货币或非货币法，货币的资产负债表，
38、例如，现金，应收账款，应付账款和长期负债现行汇率下折算；非货币的资产负债表，例如，存货，厂房和设备，长期投资都在历史汇率下折算。损益表在一段期间内的平均汇率下折算，除了折旧及与非货币项目有关的被出售商品的成本。分派股利按在付款当天的汇率进行折算。权益项目历史比率进行折算。与现行/非现行法类似，在合并损益表里可能出现折算收益和损耗。在时态法中，专门的资产和负债被折算成项目初期一致的汇率。因此，资产和负债可以基于他们如何进行做账被折算。如果他们根据当前值进行做账，资产负载表就按现行汇率被折算成。当用历史成本进行做账时，项目受被记录时时间的影响。这样处理方法意味着在绝大多数的案例中货币折算的时态法类
39、似于货币/非货币法，除了折算存货是与现行/非现行法一样。在这些折算方法的差异在于如何确定哪些外国货币计价的资产和负债将被在现行汇率下折算，哪些将在历史汇率下折算。现行汇率是变更后的汇率，历史汇率是变更前的汇率。因此，在会计基础理论和测量中根据现行汇率，项目被折算成外汇风险，但在历史汇率下项目被折算成则不会暴露外汇风险。会计风险包含资产和负债，换而言之，资产风险和负债风险的区别在于，谁随着折算方法的变化而变化。在当日汇率下，所有的资产和负债被认为被曝光。在现行/非现行法下，只有流动资产和负债被暴露。在货币/非货币法下，只有货币资产和负债被暴露。在时态法下，按现行成本计算的资产和负债的价值被暴露，
40、按历史成本法计算的资产和负债的价值不存在被暴露风险。下面一个案例阐明了四种折算方法。表162是荷兰跨国公司在美国子公司的资产负债表。固定资产，长期负债和普通股权以09/的历史汇率得出。存货是当平均汇率为10/时购买了一段时期的。平均汇率在2003年的时候也是10/。但是，为了使这案例简单,留存收益在当地的美元货币被假设为零。因此，在合并损益表中留存收益是由于折算损益。在2004年1月2日美元贬值。在2003年12月31日美元贬值之前该汇率是11/。在2004年1月2日的贬值之后汇率变成12/。表162子公司的资产负债表（以千计）资产负债和股东权益现金1,100应付账款121,500应收账款2,
41、400短期贷款12500存货3,000长期负债126,000固定资产净值9,000权益/普通股127,500总资产15,500总负债和权益15,500表163是折算后的资产负债表采用现行汇率法，所有项目折算时都采用现行汇率除了权益。因此，只有权益/普通股在会计概念和计量上没有遭受外汇风险，在美元贬值后它维持在8333M。会计风险是7500M（现金11应收账款24存货30固定资产90应付帐款15短期借款05长期借款60）在美元货币的区域函数，在美元贬值之前6818M和在美元贬值之后6250M。资产和负债分别减少折旧后的价值，随之在比的负债价值更大的资产价值内减少。正如消极的税务师表示，在现行汇率
42、法下综合资产负债表里存在折算损失。在美元贬值之前税务师是1515M，然后贬值之后成为2083M，表明已折算过的资产价值下跌超过了由于贬值所欠的债务折算的价值。表164显示了在现时/非现时法下折算的资产负债表，所有的经常帐项目按现行汇率折算和非经常项目按历史汇率折算。因此，权益/普通股，净固定资产和长期债务并没暴露，在美元贬值后始终分别保持在8333M，10000M和6667M。其余的，即现金、应收账款、存货、应付帐款和短期贷款被暴露出来。会计风险为4500M（现金11应收账款24存货30应付帐款15短期借款05）在区域函式里美元货币，在美元贬值之前是4091M，美元贬值之后是3750M。同样，
43、在资产价值比负载价值减少的更多。还有在现行/非现行汇率表163现行汇率法以千计本国货币的贬值前贬值后购买力/VALUEIN/VALUEIN现金1,100111,00012917应收账款2,400112,182122,000存货3,000112,727122,500固定资产净值9,000118,182127,500总资产15,50014,09112,917应收账款1,500111,364121,250短期借款5001145512417长期借款6,000115,455125,000股东权益/普通股票7,500098,333098,333留存收益000CTA1,5152,083负债及股东权益合计15
44、,50014,09112,917表164流动/非流动法本国货币的贬值前贬值后购买力/VALUEIN/VALUEIN现金1,100111,00012917应收账款2,400112,182122,000存货3,000112,727122,500固定资产净值9,0000910,0000910,000总资产15,50015,90915,417应收账款1,500111,364121,250短期借款5001145512417长期借款6,000096,667096,667股东权益/普通股票7,500098,333098,333留存收益09091,250负债及股东权益合计15,50015,90915,417下
45、，合并资产负债表同样存在汇兑损失，从而扮演一个反面角色来调整留存收益进入损益表。根据本方法下的折算损失小于根据现行汇率法下的折算损失，即贬值前0909M和贬值后1250M，表明由于贬值，在资产价值比负债价值有较大跌幅。对应这种情况的货币/非货币的方法展现在表165中。在这种情况下，存货，固定资产和股权没有接触到外汇汇率波动，在美元贬值后，它们仍然保持在3000M,10000M和8333M的水平。其余的，即现金，应收账款，应付账款，短期借款和长期债务则受到汇率波动的影响。当地流通货币对于美元的会计风险为4500M现金11应收账款24应付账款15短期借款05长期借款60，在美元贬值之前为4091M
46、而在美元贬值之后则是3750M。在这种情况下，资产和负债的价值会因为美元的贬值而降低，而资产的缩水比负债的缩水要少。根据货币/非货币性方法，登记入账的损益表随着留存收益的调整存在汇兑收益。美元贬值导致了转换增益的增加，指出了由于美元贬值导致的资产的缩水比负债的缩水要少。表165货币/非货币法本国货币的贬值前贬值后购买力/VALUEIN/VALUEIN现金1,100111,00012917应收账款2,400112,182122,000存货3,000103,000122,500固定资产净值9,0000910,000127,500总资产15,50016,18212,917应收账款1,500111,364121,250短期借款5001145512417长期借款6,000115,455125,000股东权益/普通股票7,500098,333098,333留存收益0576917负债及股东权益合计15,50016,18215,917出处PWANG经济风险和会计风险M外汇与全球金融的经济学,2009367374
