1、外文翻译原文-全球价值链和技术能力一个框架研究学习和创新在发展中国家Oxford Development Studies Vol 36 No 1 March 2008 Global Value Chains and Technological Capabilities A Framework to Study Learning and Innovation in Developing Countries ANDREA MORRISON CARLO PIETROBELLI ROBERTA RABELLOTTI ABSTRACT This paper presents a critical rev
2、iew of the global value chain GVC literature in light of the technological capabilities approach to innovation in less-developed countries LDCs Participation in GVC is benecial for rms in LDCs which are bound to source technology internationally However the issues of learning and technological effor
3、ts at the rm level remain largely hidden in the GVC literature We propose a shift in the empirical and theoretical agenda arguing that research should integrate the analysis of the endogenous process of technological capability development including specic rm-level efforts and of the mechanisms allo
4、wing knowledge to ow within and between different global value chains into the GVC literature 1 Introduction Nowadays nobody would resist the contention that learning and innovation are key determinants of competitiveness and growth for nations regions clusters and rms Sometimes more sophisticated o
5、bservers might stress that competitiveness is affected by rm-specic attitudes and actions together with the meso and macroeconomic contexts in which rms are located Yet these ideas need to be incorporated into analysis in a consistent fashion and this has been achieved only occasionally and perhaps
6、more effectively by business scholars than by economists In developing countries LDCs following an established line of research exploring the international sources of developmenteg learning by exporting foreign direct investment FDI spillover Barba Navaretti Venables 2004 the global value chain Andr
7、ea Morrison URU Utrecht University Netherlands and CESPRI Universita Bocconi Italy Email amorrisoncom Carlo Pietrobelli corresponding author CREI Universita Roma Tre Italy Email cpietrobelliuniroma3it Roberta Rabellotti Department of Economics and Quantitative Methods Universita del Piemonte Orienta
8、le Italy Email rabellotticom Preliminary drafts of this paper were presented at the PRIN Dynamic Capabilities between Firm Organization and Local Systems of Production nal conference in Bologna at SPRU University of Sussex at Globelics India 2006 and at the UNCTAD Conference in honour of Sanjaya Lal
9、l in March 2007 We wish to thank Martin Bell Paulo Figueiredo Jorge Katz Riccardo Leoncini Sandro Montresor Rajah Rasiah Frances Stewart and two anonymous referees of this journal for their useful comments ISSN 1360-0818 printISSN 1469-9966 online08010039-20 q 2008 International Development Centre O
10、xford DOI 1010801XXXXXXXXXX848144 40 A Morrison et al GVC approach has shown recently how international linkages can play a crucial role in accessing technological knowledge and enhancing learning and innovation Altenburg 2006 Geref 1994 1999 Geref Kaplinsky 2001 Giuliani et al 2005 Kaplinsky 2000 H
11、umphrey Schmitz 2002a b Pietrobelli Rabellotti 2007 1 Value chain research focuses explicitly on the nature of the relationships among the various actors involved in the chain stressing the role that global buyers and producers may play in supporting LDC producers learning and innovation activities
12、and explores their implications for development The concept of governance is central to the analysis At any point in the chain some degree of governance is required in order to take decisions not only on what or how a goodservice should be produced but also sometimes when how much and even at what p
13、rice In this literature governance is more than just co-ordination as the proactive involvement and participation of all the actors within the value chain is crucial Governance may occur through arms-length market linkages or non-market relationships2 The nal aim of this literature is indeed to expl
14、ore if and how globalizationand the specic form it takes within GVCsfosters industrial development and innovation in emerging countries In this regard the notion that is most often used is that of upgrading reecting the urgent need to move beyond the pursuit of higher production efciency alone While
15、 business scholars use upgrading extensively Porter 1990 economists are more reluctant to do so and following the principle of specialization and comparative advantage focus their attention rather on production efciency However given the exis- tence of imperfections and extra-normal rents in interna
16、tional markets and considering the different dynamic learning opportunities offered by different sectors and management functions the idea of upgrading to newer sectors and functions is indeed appealing Pietrobelli Rabellotti 2007 Nevertheless if the nal goal of GVC theory is to explain industrial d
17、evelopment and innovation in developing countries in the context of increased globalization and transnational inter-rm linkages how can one avoid a central focus on the endogenous process of technological capability development on the specic rm-level efforts and on the contextual factors enhancing a
18、ndor hindering the process This indeed is what the well-established tradition of studies on technological capabilities TCs in developing countries proposes Bell Pavitt 1992 1995 Dahlman et al 1987 Evenson Westphal 1995 Katz 1987 Lall 1987 1992 2001 Pack Westphal 1986 Pietrobelli 1997 1998 offering a
19、 solid theoretical background for integration of the GVC literature and for building a theoretical framework to explain industrial development in developing countries Drawing upon the evolutionary approach of Nelson Winter 1982 the TC literature claims that technological change is the result of purposeful investments
