1、1填空式阅读 (新题型) 部分三种备选题型从命题形式看命题原理： 一篇填空式阅读的文章也是由两大信息板块组成的：已知信息 -（原文在空缺之外的没有被挖掉的信息）未知（待选信息） -（就是后面的待选选项中的信息，而这些信息实际上也不是未知的，也是考生通过阅读可以把握的信息，所以称为待选信息更合适）这个题型也是在考生对这两个信息板块之间互动关系的把握测试点分析判断和把握两个信息板块之间“相近性”的能力判断和把握两个信息板块之间“衔接性”的能力做题大原则 就近原则、衔接原则最终的评判原则：连贯性 把握了衔接原则7 选 5 排序匹配2一致性 把握了就近原则推荐的解题步骤根据填空式阅读的命题形式，建议考
2、生按照以下步骤来解题： 先阅读原文文章的首段； 阅读后面的备选选项； 再阅读原文的信息，进行解题； 最后，通读全文；解题方法的基本设计思路 - “由点入面、以点串面“3破解新题型的八大解题方法体系：方法 1：复现结构定位法方法 2：上下文逻辑关系定位法方法 3：总分/分总结构法方法 4：举例定位法方法 5：时间、地点、数字、人名等客观线索衔接关系定位法方法 6：排比结构衔接法方法 7：无关词排除法方法 8：代词指代关系定位法如何浏览阅读后面的备选选项；1.代词They are striving to get rid of the economic consequence of 2. 转折（否定
3、）3. 客观名词（人名、地名、国家名、专有名词）4. 关键词（名词）5： 特殊标点 : -45大纲样题解析Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps .Ma
4、rk your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. 41 Very occasiona
5、lly the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. That kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and
6、 even of its climate.42_ Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know noting.43 There were also crabli
7、ke creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two
8、 long but some were 2 feet.44_ Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the 6animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in
9、 the rocks on the Dorset Coast.45_ About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals though now extinct, were known
10、to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.AThe shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.BNevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From t
11、hem we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.CThe first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They w
12、ere giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, or formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.DThe best index fossils tend
13、to be marine creature. There animals evolved rapidly and spread over large over large areas of the world.EThe earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forma are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the star-fishes
14、, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.7FWhen an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be cov
15、ered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.GMany factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply red
16、uced to a more stable form.41 题分析 逻辑关系定位法 / 复现结构定位法42 题分析 复现结构定位法43 题分析 复现结构定位法44 题分析 举例定位法 出题方式一： 被例子所指的信息 例子信息设定在原文信息中 设定在待选信息中出题方式二： 被例子所指的信息 例子信息设定在待选信息中 设定在原文信息中8例题：The main problem in discussing American popular culture is also one of its main characteristics: it wont stay American. no matter
17、what it is, whether it is films, food and fashion, music, casual sports or slang, its soon at home elsewhere in the world. There are several theories why American popular culture has had this appeal.One theory is that is has been “advertised” and marketed through American films, popular music, and m
18、ore recently, television. 41 They are, after all, in competition with those produced by other countries. Another theory, probably a more common one, is that American popular culture is internationally associated with something called “the spirit of America.” 42_The final theory is less complex: Amer
19、ican popular culture is popular because a lot of people in the world like it.Regardless of why its spreads, American popular culture is usually quite rapidly adopted and then adapted in many other countries. 43_ Black leather jackets worn by many heroes in American movies could be found, a generatio
20、n later, on all those young men who wanted to make this manly-look their own.Two areas where this continuing process is most clearly seen are clothing and music. Some people can still remember a time. When T-shirts, jogging clothes, tennis shoes, denim jackets, and blue jeans were not common daily w
21、ear everywhere. Only twenty years ago, it was possible to spot an American in Paris by his or her clothes. No longer so: those bright colors, checkered jackets and trousers, hats and socks which were once made fun in cartoons are back again in Paris as the latest fashion. 44_.The situation with Amer
22、ican popular music is more complex because in the beginning, when it was still clearly American, it was often strongly resisted. Jazz was once thought to be a great danger to youth and their morals, and was actually outlawed in several countries. Today, while still showing its rather American roots,
23、 it has become so well established. Rock “n” roll and all its variations, country & western music, all have more or less similar histories. They were first resisted, often in America as well, as being “low-class,” and then as “a danger to our nations 9youth.” 45_ And then the music became accepted a
24、nd was extended and was extended and developed, and exported back to the U.S.A As a result, its American origins and roots are often quickly forgotten. “happy birthday to you,” for instance ,is such an everyday song that its source, its American copyright, so to speak , is not remembered.B But this
25、theory fails to explain why American films, music, and television, programs are so popular in themselves.C American in origin, informal clothing has become the worlds first truly universal style.D The BBC, for example, banned rock and roll until 1962.E American food has become popular around the wor
26、ld too.F This spirit is variously described as being young and free, optimistic and confident, informal and disrespectful. G It is hardly surprising that the public concern contributes a lot to the spread of the culture.1045 题分析 - 时间、地点、数字、人名等客观线索衔接关系定位法例题：2006 年考研英语 PART B 部分 41 题On the north bank
27、of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the ca
28、sino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a “Fun Card“, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the users gamb
29、ling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls “electronic heroin“.(41) _. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard
30、when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williamss got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform t
31、he casino of Williamss gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) _.
