1、船长面试问题及参考答案船长是船上最重要的职位，也是个方面要求最高的职位。船东在面试船员时对船长的考核最认真，最费时间，也是最复杂的，作为一名合格的船长，不但要求有丰富的海上工作经历、娴熟的船舶驾驶经验和技术，更要有很好的商务操作能力、领导管理能力、极佳的个人人品、强大的人格魅力和感召力。还要勤于动脑、身体力行，在所有船员面前树立典范。船东在进行面试时，往往提问船长的问题最多，也最复杂，考察的时间也最长。提问船长的问题涉及到国际安全管理规则、安全管理体系、船长资历、船舶管理、各种具体商务和技术问题等等。下面收集了一部分面试试题，供广大面试船长参考。其中部分问题，不但船长必备，其他干部船员，尤其是
2、大副也必须看，轮机长也应该参考一下。1. Can you tell me about your educational background?实事求是，最好告诉人家在某个学校学了多长时间，最好也要告诉人家你接受某些社会培训的情况，谦虚好学毕竟是一个美德嘛。Please refer to a masters self-introduction in Part One of this book.2. What is a classification society? What is the purpose of classification survey? Please list some fam
3、ous classification societies in the word.A classification society is usually an independent organization that carries out classification surveys, statutory surveys, surveys related to a notary matters for ships, offshore installations, marine freight containers, materials and marine equipments. It a
4、lso provides safety management certification services to shipping companies and their ships .The purpose of classification survey is to evaluate the situation of a ship and the management of a company and its ship.Some of the famous classification societies are :NK(Japanese 日本海事协会) ，CCS（Chinese ）,AB
5、S(American), DNV(Norwegian ),SL(British Lloyd 英国劳氏)，GL（German Lloyd 德国劳氏），KR（Korea ）,RINA(意大利船级社).3. Can you talk about the previous vessels you worked on board?实事求是，若没有做过，千万不要伪造。并且服务簿、书面简历以及你自己口头介绍的资历的内容一定要一致，特别是时间、船型、航区、吨位、船员情况、外派公司、船东及租船公司情况，因为你是船长，应该对自己管理的船有非常深的印象。Please refer to an masters self
6、-introduction in Part One of this book.4. What type of cargo was carried on board your last vessel?曾经在什么船上工作过，运过什么货物也是船东非常关心的问题，因为船东在考虑把他的一条船交给你时，对你是否运过某种他们的船舶载的货物非常关键。因为你只有运过某种货物，才对这种货物的特性、装卸时需要注意的事项、运输途中需要注意的事项有所了解和经验。其实，你如果运过某些货物，你也应该说出来。下面提供几种货物的名称，供参考：Bulk cargo cement, cement clicker, nickel,
7、ore, iron, sand, phosphorus, potash in bulk, salt, grain, pet coke, coal etc.,General cargo: vehicle, loader, wagon, heavy lifts, over-length cargo, mine equipment, steel construction material. Other: Log, plywood, container, and so on.5. When was your last vessel trading area, which ports have you
8、called?I have rich experience in calling the ports in the US, some developing countries and in the passage through the Suez Canal, Panama Canal and Denver Strait, and Denmark Strait.Some useful expressions for trading areas：全球航线 ocean-going ,world widely ,globally ,worldwide ；固定航线 fixed route.6. Can
9、 you tell me the differences between the Chinese states owned shipping companies and foreign shipping companies?Basically, in my opinion, there are not big differences at all. It seems to me that foreign owners are more concerned about the masters overriding authority on board while the Chinese ship
10、ping companies tend to ask their local agents to do more for the vessel .Another major difference between them is that the Safety Management System of the Chinese companies is in Chinese and the working language on board is Chinese .Whats more, most of the Chinese owners use the CCS for classificati
11、on while foreign owners may use different classification societies.各个国家的船公司都有自己的特点和特色。至于您如何回答这个问题并不重要，关键是不要妄自菲薄；试想一下，如果中国的船东一无是处的话，我们中国船员的素质又会如何呢？7. In case of cargo damage, for example, before the vessel arrives at the discharging port, you find the quality of the surface cargo has changed, how wou
12、ld you handle it?I have to look into the reason and volume of the damage first ,and then Ill contact the owner for instruction .In the event of small quantity of grain ,I shall just throw it into the sea to avoid disputes .Or I will follow the owners instruction to contact its the PPlastics and plas
13、tic mixed with other materials;Food and accommodation waste;Other garbage can not disposed into the sea, e.g. plastics and plastic materials.垃圾的处理涉及到污染问题。各个公司的 ISM 手册对于垃圾的处理都规定了非常严格的程序。垃圾当然也有明确的分类，如有的公司要求把垃圾分成三类、有的分成四类、有的分成六类等。船东主要看备选船员在防污染方面是否重视。因为一旦给某些港口国造成污染，船东会受到重罚的。30. What are sensitive cargoe
14、s as defined by the P (2) To make sure of an orderly slow-down of the main engine, and ask the duty officer to give the ETA and the time ship is expected to be on maneuvering speed to the duty engineer;(3)The main engine is to be tested in the astern mode and the Master should know that in some coun
15、tries (e.g., in US), before entry into port, entire test of the navigational equipment and main engine is required;(4)To ask the duty officers to ensure that the right flags, signals, or lights are shown;(5)To facilitate the machinery maintenance, the Master should give the C/E an indication of ETB
16、and ETD immediately after the arrival at an anchorage or berth.34. What should a Muster List include? What kinds of Muster List did you have on the last vessel?A Muster List should include the following points;(1) Details of emergency alarm signal;(2) How abandon ship order will be given;(3) Substit
17、ute for the key personnel who may become disabled;(4) The boat to which each person belongs and duties to be performed in an abandon ship situation;(5) The specific group to which a person belongs and general duties during various emergencies;(6) Any additional or specific duties;(7) Specific assemb
18、ly point of each group.The Muster List must be ready before a ship sails.We had the following Muster Lists on board the last vessel; General emergency, fire fighting, fire in the engine, emergency steering, abandon-ship, man overboard, oil pollution prevention station.35. When your ship is involved
19、in an oil pollution incident, what should master do?According to the ISM Code and MARPOL, the incident should be immediately reported to the nearest coastal State, and the ship owner without any delay. A report should also be submitted to the flag state.36. Do you allow cargo discharge without being
20、 shown the B/L?Definitely speak: No. The B/L is the legal evidence of the cargos ownership. However, the cargo can be discharged if the consignee shows a Letter of Indemnity approved by the ship owner confirming the authenticity of the documents.37. How do you understand shipboard training?It is a v
21、ery important thing on board. Routine training on safety of the vessel, the cargo, and the seamen should be carried out periodically. Training to new joiners is also important. They should be briefed on emergency procedures, anti-pollution, safety equipment familiarization, ship operational training
22、 and working skills.38. How can you maintain a balance of interests between the shipowner and the charterer?Well, this is a difficult question. My opinion is that the owners interests should always be prioritized. But you know, sometimes the Master is under heavy pressure from both the owner and the
23、 charterer. My experience is that the charterers interests should be take good care of without hurting the interests of the owner and the crew.船长可以根据自身的经验和体会来组织这个问题的答案。但一般而言，船东希望能和租船公司建立良好的关系，又能维护船东的利益。因为船长拿的是船东的工资，但船东拿的是客户（租家）的钱。39. What do you know about the internal and external audit? During the
24、 internal audit, how will you cooperate with the auditors?Usually, the internal audit is carried out once or twice a year in accordance with the owners SMS manuals. It is under the charge of the Designated Person (DP), or at the discretion of the DP.After receiving audit notice from the company, the
25、 Master should hold a pre-audit meeting with the officers and engineers after receiving the audit notice. The Master should make sure the best cooperation is provided to the auditors of the company and the documents to be audited are well prepared.The external audit is carried out by the professiona
26、l auditors from the Class. If major non-conformities, non-conformities and observations are found either in the internal or external audit, the ship should make rectification in the stipulated time.40. Can you briefly describe the hand-over procedure between the outgoing Master and the relieving Mas
27、ter?Usually, the handover procedure is as follows:First, the outgoing Master should prepare a handover report as per the companys handover procedure and checklist.Second, the outgoing Master should prepare a handover memo to be attached to the report.The following should be the highlights in the han
28、dover procedure: Documentation, communication (the means to contact all related persons and companies), bridge equipment, stores and account, personnel, ship maintenance and conditions etc. Besides, it is also very important to give the relieving Master a clear idea of the personnel, the local agent
29、, the port and some other information that are not written in the checklist. Try to fill in all the check lists at the presence of both Masters.41. What is the relationship between the Master and the Chief Engineer? Or what kind of relation should the Master and the Chief Engineer have?The Master is
30、 the No.1 leader of the ship, responsible for the whole vessel and the Chief Engineer is one subordinate of the Master. The Chief Engineer is in full charge of the engine department. In the meantime, it is also important for the Master to offer support and help to the Chief Engineer in his implement
31、ation of duties. Anyway, smooth cooperation and harmonious relationship between the Master and the Chief Engineer is very important to the safe operation of the vessel.船长和轮机长的融洽关系非常重要，但船长对船舶安全的绝对权威不能有任何折扣。船东希望船长既能和轮机长处好关系，又能够树立自己的管理权威。42. What should the ships Night Orders include? How often do you
32、prepare the Night Orders? Do well-prepared Night Orders mean you can have a good sleep?The ships Night Orders should include such information as sailing course, anti-collision warning, some precautions, watch keeping points, dangerous cargo orders, sailing warning in special areas etc. The Master sh
33、ould prepare a Night Order every night before he goes to sleep.Even I have well prepared night orders, I shall still be on high alert when the vessel is sailing in some dangerous areas (i.e. areas with low visibility, some narrow straits, along the seacoast and the pending arrival at the port, etc.)
34、这是一个船东非常关心的问题，因为这涉及到船舶的行驶安全，船长必须能熟练说出。43. When new crews come on board, what training will you offer to them?First, I will get them familiar with the whole vessel, including the equipment, the personnel and documents. Second, I will ask them to get familiar with their respective duties. Third, I wil
35、l get them trained on the safe operation and emergency procedures and so on.船上船员的培训既要符合国际规则的要求，也要符合公司体系文件的要求。此外，船长也要根据具体情况安排相应的培训内容。44. What are the three grades of bulk carriers according to their size?Generally, they are classified into three types: Handy size, Panamax size and Cape size. The Hand
36、y size bulker is less than 60,000 tons in deadweitht tonnage. The panamax size bulker is between 60,000 to 70,000 tons, usually carrying usual cargoes such as coal, barxite (铝土矿)，Borax (硼砂)，Cement, Grain, Tapioka, Copra (椰子肉), Pellet, Lime Stone and so on. The Cape size is more than 80,000in deadwei
37、ght tonnage, and 106 feet in breadth, and the cargo usually carried by this type of a bulker are iron ore, pellet, and Coal.45. How do you know that the sea chart is up-to-date? How do you get the latest Notice to Mariner?I need to check the charts correction log and the charts concerned to make sur
38、e the chart is updated.Normally the company sends the Notice to Mariner periodically and automatically to the ship. I will send a requisition to the company if the Notice to Mariner is not being received.46. What is the DCPA during passage, in fairways, in the strait and inside ports?At sea, the clo
39、sest point of approach (DCPA) is two miles; in the strait, the closest point of approach (DCPA) is two miles; in the strait, the shortest distance between the two ships is the new course distance between two vessels also depended on such factors as weather condition, the sizes of the two vessels and
40、 so on.47. How do you treat the engine bilge water?The engine bilge water can by no means be pumped out into the sea directly. If it has to be pumped out, it must be properly treated through the oily water separator.If there is too much engine bilge water, the Chief Engineer will report it to me. I
41、will then ask for instructions from the owner. With the owners approval and confirmation, the bilge water may be transferred into the fuel oil tank or ask for shore assistance.48. Do you know something about the ILO? What is ILO 147? Do you have any experience with ITF? What is your policy in dealin
42、g with them and what is your companys policy in dealing with them?The ILO is the International Labour Organization and the ITF is the International Federation for Transport Workers.ILO Convention 147 is the Merchant Shipping (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1976(No.147) (and is Protocol of 1996). Thi
43、s rule is made by the International Labor Organization Conference. In this Convention, the minimum internationally acceptable labor standards relating to safety, social security, and shipboard conditions of employment and living arrangements to be observed in merchant shipping registered under any f
44、lag.It is very important to tell the seamen not to approach the ITF personnel actively. The Master should instruct his crew to answer the questions in accordance with the ship owners and the manning agents instructions if the ITF inspectors approach the vessel and talk with the crew. The Master hims
45、elf should know very well the companys policy in dealing with the ITF. Anyway, the Master and his crew should deal with them very cautiously so as to avoid any possible disputes for the ship owner. As a employee of the shipowner, the master should always stand in the position of the shipowner and th
46、e manning agent.ILO 和 ITF 是涉及到船员利益的两个国际组织，船长应对此有粗略的了解。49. What should bridge orders include? What are the contents of the standing order and what are night orders?Bridge order includes Standing Order and Night Order.The master shall include the following contents in the standing order:Maters require
47、ments for the conduct of watch keeping personnel;(1)Define the masters requirements on the duties of officers on watch;(2)Define the masters requirements for the actions in case of emergency situations;(3)Procedures at times of reduced visibility;(4)Special requirements with regard to the ship and T
48、he master shall regularly enter into the Bridge Order Bookno matter at sea or at anchor. The entry in the Bridge Order Book shall include the instructions on the safe navigation at the time when the master intends to take rest, as well as any other necessary instructions. This shall include:(1) A br
49、ief description of the navigational plan with details of the course to be followed and charts to be used;(2) Points which require special consideration (strong currents cross traffic etc.)(3) The time and position when the master is to be called to the bridge; (4) The position where the ship has to report to traffic or port control;
