1、 1小升初英语语法特训班补充练习册姓名： 班号： 一、名词复数规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f 或 fe”结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5不规则名词复数： man-
2、men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth fish-fish people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese 二、代词人称代词 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词(短) 名词性物主代词（长）我 I me my mine你 you you your yours他 he him his his她 she her her hers我们 we us our ours你们 you you y
3、our yours他们 they them their theirs口诀：主格应该作主语，放在句子的开头;宾格应该作宾语，放在动词介词后；形容词性的物主代词不能单独用，必须接名词或其他词；名词性的物主代词，单独使用就可以。如：I am a student.What is your name?His bag is on the desk. That one is not his.We can from America. We are friends.Let me help you.These shoes are nice. Try them on.2They are drinking tea.三
4、、动词1. be 动词：am is are 2. 普通动词：have go come take get buy pass sit stand have talk walk see catch put 等。动词的变化形式：动词的第三人称单数、动词+ing、动词的过去式（详见 时态）3. 情态动词：情态动词 can, must, should 后面直接用动词原形。如： I / He / She / They can sing.You should keep quiet in the library. You mustnt play with fire.Can you help me?4. 使役动词
5、：have, make, let 后面直接用动词原形。如：Let me help you.Mother made Jim stay at home all day.四、疑问词1. what who whose which where when why how 2. “Wh-” questions:What are you doing?What color is it?What time is it? Whats the time?Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?Whos the man with a big nose?W
6、hose bag is it?When is your birthday?Where is my ball pen?Why do you like summer?How many books are there in the school bag?How old is the young man?How much is the toy bear?How do you go to school everyday?五、形容词和副词big small little large tall long short fat thin old new young clean dirty warm hot co
7、ol cold fast slow lazy busy cheap early late high low tired hungry thirsty beautiful delicious expensive favorite friendly popular3六、比较级和最高级1一般在形容词或副词后+erolder taller longer stronger 2. 多音节词前+moremore interesting more exciting 3. 双写最后一个字母，再+erbigger fatter4. 把 y 变 i，再+erheavier earlier5. 不规则变化：well-
8、better much/many-more6. favorite 没有比较级和最高级如下表：形容词（原级） 比较级 最高级old older the oldestnew newer the newestthin thinner the thinnestbig bigger the biggestheavy heavier the heaviestearly earlier the earliestboring more boring the most boringdifficult more difficult the most difficultexpensive more expensiv
9、e the most expensive七、介词和副词in on at under in front of behind after over across into out of beside near next to 八、some 和 anyI have some toys in my bedroom.Do you have any brothers or sisters?There are some books on the desk.Are there any books on the desk?九、时态（一）一般现在时，通常用 “usually, often, every day,
10、sometimes”。 1一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。 42一般现在时中，没有 be 动词和情态动词，主语为第三人称单数的肯定句，动词要按规则加上 s，主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句，动词用原形。 3在一般现在时中，句中有 be 动词或情态动词时，否定句在 be 动词和情态动词后加 not，一般疑问句将be 动词或情态动词放在句首。 4在一般现在时中，句中没有 be 动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加 does+not (doesnt)，一般疑问句在句首加 does，句子中原有动词用原形；主语为非第三人称单数，否定句用 do+n
11、ot (dont)，一般疑问句在句首加 do，句子中动词用原形。 动词+s 的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2 以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-es，如：study-studies （二）现在进行时 be doing, 通常用 “Look!”“now”.1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句
12、基本结构为 be+动词 ing. 3现在进行时的否定句在 be 后加 not。 4现在进行时的一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。 动词加 ing 的变化规则 1一般情况下，直接加 ing，如： cook-cooking 2以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 加 ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping （三）一般将来时be going to 1be going to 表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。 2肯定句：be going to
13、 +动词原形，如：Jim is going to play football. 否定句：be not going to +动词原形 , 如：Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑问句：把 be 动词调到句首, 如：Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形？如： What is Jim going to do? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+be+going to+动词原形？如：Who is going to play football? will1表示将要发生的事。2肯定句：I wi
14、ll go to the zoo tomorrow.否定句：I will not (wont) go to the zoo tomorrow.一般疑问句：Will you go to the zoo tomorrow?特殊疑问句：5Who will go to the zoo tomorrow?Where will you go tomorrow?When will you go to the zoo?（四）一般过去时 1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 2Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化： am 和 is
15、在一般过去时中变为 was。 （was not=wasnt）are 在一般过去时中变为 were。 （were not=werent） 带有 was 或 were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和 is, am, are 一样，即否定句在 was 或 were 后加 not，一般疑问句把 was 或 were 调到句首。 3句中没有 be 动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didnt +动词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加 did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+
16、主语+ 动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则： 1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如： pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2结尾是 e 加 d，如：taste-tasted 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变 y 为 i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 5不规则动词过去式： am,is-was, are-were, d
17、o-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat十、There be 句型1. 单数 可数名词There is an apple on the pla
18、te.Is there an apple on the plate?There isnt an apple on the plate?2. 复数 可数名词There are some apples on the table.Are there any apples on the table?There arent any apples on the table.3. 不可数名词6There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isnt any water in the glass.十一、祈使句1. 祈
19、使句的定义祈使句是用来发出命令或指示，提出要求、建议、劝告等的句子。祈使句的第二人称主语 you 通常不表示出来，而是以动词原形开头。例如：Be careful. 小心。Have a coffee, please. 请喝杯咖啡。Dont worry. 不要担心。2. 祈使句的主语(1)省略第二人称的主语Look out! Theres a car coming. 小心！有车来了。Dont touch me. 别碰我。(2)祈使句如需要强调对方时，亦可把 you 说出来。You be quiet! 你们安静！Dont you open the door.你不要开门。(3)祈使句亦可用第三人称作主
20、语。Somebody open the door.（注意：要用动词原形）来个人把门打开。Henry read the poem first. （注意：要用动词原形）亨利先读这首诗。Parents with children go to the front. 带孩子的家长到前面去。Dont anybody open the door.（注意：要用 dont 而不是用 doesnt）谁也不要开门。3祈使句的肯定与否定（1）肯定：a. 动词 多数的祈使句是以动词原形开头的Look right. Look left. Stand up. Sit down.Keep silence. Help! Clo
21、se the door. Let me try.Let me see. Lets go.b. 形容词+表语Be quiet. Be quick. Be careful. Be seated.Be on time.Have a cup of tea, please.（2）否定：a. Dont +动词原形Dont walk. Dont litter. Dont touch. Dont move.Dont cry. Dont worry. Dont run. Dont write.7Dont make noise in class.Dont hit other children.Dont climb
22、 the trees.b. Dont + be 动词 + 表语Dont be late.Dont be nervous.c. No + 名词或动名词No swimming. No parking. No food. No smoking.No cameras. No bikes.祈使句的否定形式一般是在谓语动词前加上 do not 或 dont（口语中） ，有时也可用 never。若祈使句有主语，否定词 dont 或 never 要置于主语之前。Do not come in unless asked. 非请莫入。Dont you believe it.决不要相信它。Dont anyone ma
23、ke any noise. 谁也不要吵吵闹闹。Never be late again next time. 下一次千万不要再迟到了。4. 祈使句：不同的口气Would you kindly open the door? （最客气）Will you please open the door? （客气）Please open the door.（客气）Open the door, will you? （客气）Just open the door.（对熟人的要求）Open the door.（略带命令口气）Open the door, you? （傲气十足）5. 祈使句：强调可以在祈使句的动词原形之
24、前加上 do 表示强调。Do be honest. 一定要诚实。Do be quiet a moment. 一定要安静一会儿。Do let me go. 一定让我去吧。Do tell me the reason. 务必告诉我理由。6. 祈使句：其他表达法Patience! 要有耐心！（名词） Hands up! 举起手来！（名词）Bottoms up! 干杯！（名词）After you! 您先请！（介词短语）Quickly! 快！（副词） 十二、必背句型1. What is your name?8My name is Li Ming.2. How old are you?Im twelve (
25、years old).3. How are you?Im fine, think you.4. What are you doing (now)?I am watching TV.5. What are you going to do tomorrow?I am going to play football.6. What will she do next?She will go shopping.7. What did you do yesterday?I saw a film.8. What color is it?It is pink.9. What time is it? = What
26、s the time? Its 7 oclock.10. What your favorite subject?English is my favorite subject.11. Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?The yellow one.12. Which season do you like best?I like summer, because I can swim.13. Whos the man with a big nose?He is my uncle.14. Whose bag is it?Its m
27、y mothers.15. Whose socks are these?They are Jimmys.16. When is your birthday?My birthday is December, 12th.17. Where is my ball pen?It is in your pencil case.18. Why do you like summer?Because I can eat ice cream.19. How many books are there in the school bag?There are five books in my bag.20. How
28、old is the young man?He is 70 years old.921. How much is the toy bear?It is 20 Yuan.22. How do you go to school everyday?I go to school by bus everyday.23. Linlin is good at drawing./ Charlie is not good at dancing.24. Jim is tall. Tom is taller than Jim. Sam is the tallest in our class.25. Betty da
29、nces well. Amy dances better than Betty. Sally dances best.26. There are four seasons in a year, spring, summer, autumn and winter.27. I like bananas. / I like running.28. Its time to go home.Its time to go to school. = Its time for school.29. Excuse me.30. You are welcome. = That all right.31. Nice
30、 to nice you. = Nice to see you.32. 打电话：Who is that?This is Tom (speaking).10Grammar Exercises:Be 动词用 am, is, are 填空（不需要的用“/”表示） 。1. My grandma _ a doctor.2. Xiao Ming _ twelve years old. He _ tall and thin.3. Lucy and Lily _ twins.4. There _ an eraser in the pencil-case.5. There _ bananas on the ta
31、ble.6. There _ a book and three pencils on the desk.7. There _ a banana and some pears in the fridge.8. _ you a policeman?No , I _ not.9. _ she a student?Yes, she _.10. Who _ they?11. They _ my classmates, Wang lin and Zhang Jun.12. It _ 8 oclock.13. What day _ it today?14. It _ Tuesday.15. PE _ my
32、favorite class.16. This _ a yellow dress.17. These _ my old clothes.18. I Li Lei. She Lucy. She and I good friends.19. What these over there? Oh, they my sweaters.20. your book red? Yes, it .21. your book and pen red? No, they not.22. your books red? Yes.23. My clothes blue. His yellow.24. Lucy and Lily twins. They American. They look the same.25. Miss Gao our English teacher. She has a son.26. His name Sun Huimin. He in our class.27. The students of Class Three on the hill now.
