解析版2018年高考北京卷英语试题.doc

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1、绝密启用前 2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英 语(北京卷)(本试卷共 14 页,共 120 分。考试时长 100 分钟。 )考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分:知识运用第一节 单项填空从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例: Its so nice to hear from her again. _, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. Whats more B. Thats to sayC. In other wor

2、ds D. Believe it or not答案是 D。1. Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around?Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just _ on Monday.A. start B. have started C. started D. had started【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意:嗨,我是彼得。你是新来的吗?我没有在附近见过你。 你好,彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知,Bob 现在在这儿,他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情,周一是一个过去的时间

3、,故该句应用一般过去时态,C 选项正确。点睛:一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:yesterday, last week,in the past,in 2017,once,a few days ago 等。2. _ we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. Although B. While C. If D. Until【答案】C点睛:条件状语从句通常由引导词 if 或 unless

4、 引导。 条件是指某一件事情实现之后(状语从句中的动作) ,其它事情(主句中的动作)才能发生,通常译作“假如” 。3. _ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled【答案】B【解析】考查动名词。句意:沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。 “_ along the old Silk Road”做主语,要用动名词,故 B 选项正确。点睛:动名词是动词-ing 形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征。在句子

5、中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意:Susan 已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候,她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan 辞职发生在她当志愿者之前,had quit 是过去完成时态,过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去” ,且结合时间状语

6、 when I visited her last year 可知,Susan 做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况,故该空应用过去进行时态。B 选项正确。点睛:过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。5. She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.A. which B. who C. as D. that【答案】A点睛:非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分,也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致,即:第一、找准先行词;第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意

7、的是,that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在中秋节期间,家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼。gather 是谓语动词, “_ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语

8、,家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼,表目的用动词不定式,故 B 选项正确。点睛:动词不定式可以做主语,状语,定语,宾语,表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时,可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后,通常译为“为了 ”。7. Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意:在过去的几年里,中国的高速铁路已经从 9,000 公里增长到25,00

9、0 公里。该句时间状语为 in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况,故该句应用现在完成时态。B 选项正确。点睛:现在完成时可以表示过去的事情对现在的影响,也可以表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的。常见的时间状语有:since + 时间点/从句,for two months,so far,recently,in the past/last few days 等。8. In any unsafe situation, simply _ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you

10、 the help you need.A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed【答案】A【解析】考查祈使句。句意:在任何不安全的情况下,仅仅摁一下这个按钮,一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and 是连词,连接并列结构,and 后面是一个句子,那么,前面也应是句子,选项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句,其余的都是非谓语动词,无法构成句子。故 A 选项正确。点睛:祈使句+and/or+陈述句是一种常见结构。当前后两部分间为承接关系时, 用 and;前后意思为相反关系时,用 or。该句式中的陈述句部分常用一般将来时态。9. A rescue wo

11、rker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two days.A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped【答案】D【解析】考查语态和时态。句意:一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。 “who _ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句,修饰 two tourists,two tourists和 trap 之间是被动关系,该空应用被动语态。由 ris

12、ked 可知,营救人员救游客是过去的事情,被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前,即“过去的过去 ”,该空应用过去完成时态。综上,D 选项正确。点睛:过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去” ,其表达形式为 had done,被动语态的表达形式为 had been done。10. Ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. used B. to use C. using D. use【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Or

13、dinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively 是主句,_ correctly 是条件状语,修饰 ordinary soap,ordinary soap 和 use 之间是被动关系, 故要用过去分词, A 选项正确。点睛:过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动” 。11. Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.A. how B. when C. where D. why【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how 表方式,when 表时间,where

14、 表地点,why 表原因。 “_ we are now”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用 where 引导。C 选项正确。点睛:表语从句是指一个句子充当表语,通俗的说就是系动词 be 后面接一个句子。连接表语从句的连接词有 that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how 等。12. In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.A. need B. should C. can D. must【答案

15、】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意:在今天的信息时代,数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况,即“客观可能性”,故该空应用情态动词 can。C 选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need 需要;should 应该,竟然;must 必须,肯定。点睛:can 的基本用法:1. (表示能力、功能) 能,会;2. (表示推测)可能,可能会;3.(表示允许,请求)可以;4.(表示客观可能性)有时会。13. They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.A. drove B

16、. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel ”可知,该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if _ a few more kilometers 是条件句部分,表示对过去的虚拟,条件句部分要用过去完成时态,故 D选项正确。点睛:1. 表示对现在的虚拟:if 条件句用一般过去时,主句用would/might/could/should+do;2. 表示对过去的虚拟:if 条件句用过去完成时,主句用wou

17、ld/might/could/should+have done;3. 表示对将来的虚拟:if 条件句用 were to do/should do/一般过去时,主句用 would/might/could/should+do。14. Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.A. for B. on C. in D. at【答案】A【解析】考查介词。句意:早上好,Lee 先生办公室。早上好。我想预约下周三下午(和 Mr. Lee 见面)

18、。make an appointment for 意为“为预约”,是固定搭配,故 A 选项正确。点睛:make an appointment with sb.和某人预约;make an appointment for 为预约。15. This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. how B. which C. that D. what【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:这是我父亲教我的总是要面对困难,抱最大的希望。“_ my father has taught me

19、”是表语从句,该空在从句中做 teach 的宾语,且表示“父亲教我的道理” ,故该从句应用 what 引导。 D 选项正确。引导名词性从句时,how 表方式,意为“如何” ;which 意为“哪一个” ,that 在只起引导从句的作用,不做成分。点睛:what 是常见的名词性从句引导词之一,它除了引导从句作用之外,还在从句中做主语,宾语,表语或者定语。根据不同的语境,what 可以表示不同的意思,例如“的东西或事情”, “的人或样子”等。第二节 完形填空阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The Homeless HeroF

20、or many, finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source(来源)of temptation(诱惑 ). But the _16_ would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith _17_ more remarkable.After spotting a _1

21、8_ on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the _19_ to return.After hours in the cold and wet, he _20_ inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact(联系)the driver, only to _21_ it contained 4

22、00 in notes, with another 50 in spare change beside it.He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after _22_ a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the cars owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the carwhich was itself worth 35, 000in Glasgow city ce

23、ntre, they were _23_ to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was _24_.The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his _25_.Mr. Anderson said:I couldnt believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets

24、 tonight _26_ he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and _27_ he didnt take the wallet for himself;he thought about others _28_. Its unbelievable. It just proves there are _29_ guys out there.Mr. Smiths act _30_ much of the publics attention. He also won

25、 praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson _31_ about the act of kindness on Facebook.Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to _32_ money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received 8,000. I think the faith that everyone has shown _33_ him ha

26、s touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; hes had job _34_ and all sorts, Mr. Anderson commented.For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing _35_. The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort17. A. still B. even C. ev

27、er D. once18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached21. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked24. A. safe B. missing

28、 C. found D. seen25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement26. A. when B. if C. where D. because27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D

29、. heard32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn33. A. of B. at C. for D. in34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge【答案】16. C 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. C【解析】

30、这是一篇夹叙夹议类文章。文章讲述了流浪汉 Tom 发现一辆车窗开着的汽车前座上有一个钱包。Tom 冒雨等了数个小时,在查找不到车主身份的情况下将钱包交到了警察局。钱包的主人 Mr. Anderson 在得知一切后,将 Tom 的善举发布到了 Facebook 上。Tom的行为引发了人们的好评和帮助。这件事印证了一句俗语:善有善报。16. 考查名词词义辨析。A. hope 希望;B. aim 目标;C. urge 强烈的欲望,冲动;D. effort努力。上一句提到,对很多人来说,一个装有400 无人看管的钱包是一种诱惑(它诱惑着人们将其据为己有) 。结合该句中的比较级 greater 可知,对

31、于一个无家可归的人来说,这样的一个钱包是一个更大的诱惑,将其据为己有的欲望会更大。该空对应上一句中的“a source(来源)of temptation(诱惑)”, C 选项正确。17. 考查副词词义辨析。A. still 仍然;B. even 更加,愈发,甚至;C. ever 曾经;D. once 曾经,一度。所有这一切使得流浪汉 Tom Smith 的行为更加的不同寻常。even 在该句中修饰比较级 more remarkable。B 选项正确。18. 考查名词词义辨析。A. wallet 钱包;B. bag 包;C. box 盒子,箱子;D. parcel 包裹,包袱。由第三段中的 Af

32、ter hours in the cold and wet, he 20 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID 可知 ,Tom Smith 发现一辆汽车的前排座上有一个钱包。当时这辆车停在那儿,窗户摇了下来。A 选项正确。19. 考查名词词义辨析。A. partner 同伴,伙伴;B. colleague 同事;C. owner 主人;D. policeman 警察。Tom 冒雨等待车主回来。C 选项正确。20. 考查动词词义辨析。A. turned 转动;B. hid 藏,隐藏;C. stepped 迈步,举步;D.

33、reached 伸手去拿,到达。由后面的 pulled the wallet out 可知 ,在雨里等了数个小时后,Tom将手伸进车窗,将钱包拿了出来。D 选项正确。21. 考查动词词义辨析。A. discover 发现;B. collect 搜集;C. check 核对,检查;D. believe相信。Tom 将钱包拿出来企图找到一些身份证明,这样他就能联系司机了,结果他却发现钱包里装着400 的纸币和50 的零钱。A 选项正确。22. 考查动词词义辨析。A. taking 带走;B. leaving 留下,落下,离开;C. reading 读;D. writing 写。他拿着钱包去了附近的

34、警察局,在车上留下了一张便条,其目的是让车主知道他的钱包是安全的。B 选项正确 。23. 考查形容词词义辨析。A. satisfied 满意的;B. excited 兴奋的;C. amused 被逗乐的;D. shocked 震惊的。当车主返回时,发现自己的车边有警察,应该感到很惊讶。故 D 选项正确。24. 考查形容词/动词词义辨析。 A. safe 安全的;B. missing 不见的,丢失的;C. found 发现,找到;D. seen 看见。由该段开头可知, Tom 将钱包带去了警察局,因此该处警察告诉 John他的钱包是安全的。A 选项正确。25. 考查名词词义辨析。A. servi

35、ce 服务;B. support 支持; C. kindness 善意,善良;D. encouragement 鼓励。Tom 将钱包交给警察,没有据为己有,这是一种善举。故 C 选项正确。26. 考查状语从句引导词。A. when 在情况下,既然;B. if 如果;C. where 表地点;D. because 因为。在 Tom 本来可以偷了钱去支付一个可以睡觉的地方的情况下,他仍然选择了露宿街头(没有偷钱)。所以 Mr. Anderson 对 Tom 的行为感到很惊讶。A 选项正确。27. 考查副词词义辨析。A. rather 相当;B. yet 但是;C. already 已经;D. ju

36、st 仅仅。Tom 什么都没有,但是他没有拿走钱包。前后两句话之间是转折关系,故 B 选项正确。28. 考查副词词义辨析。A. too 也;B. though 但是;C. again 再,又;D. instead 代替。Tom没有拿走钱包,他考虑的是别人,没有考虑自己。D 选项正确。29. 考查形容词词义辨析。A. honest 诚实的;B. polite 礼貌的;C. rich 富有的;D. generous慷慨的。Tom 没有拿走钱包,而是把它交到了警察局,这是一种诚实的行为。A 选项正确。30. 考查动词词义辨析。A. gave 给;B. paid 支付;C. cast 投掷,投射;D.

37、 drew 吸引。Tom的行为吸引了公众的关注。D 选项正确。31. 考查动词词义辨析。A. learned 学习,学会;B. posted 发布, 张贴;C. cared 关心,在意;D. heard 听到。由后面的 Facebook(一个社交网站) 可知,在 Mr. Anderson 将 Tom 的善举发布到 Facebook 上之后,Tom 赢得了社交媒体使用者的赞扬。 B 选项正确。32. 考查动词词义辨析。A. borrow 借;B. raise 筹集;C. save 挽救,节省;D. earn 挣(钱) 。Mr. Anderson 在网上发起一个运动来为 Tom 和其他无家可归的人

38、筹钱。B 选项正确。33. 考查介词。大家向 Tom 表示出的信任触动了 Tom。faith 意为“信任,相信”,常和介词in 搭配,意为“对的信任,相信”, 故 D 选项正确。34. 考查名词词义辨析。A. details 细节;B. changes 改变;C. offers 提供(物) ,给予(物) ,提议;D. applications 应用,申请。该句应指 Tom 得到了人们的帮助,人们为他提供工作和其他的东西。C 选项正确。35. 考查名词词义辨析。A. lesson 课;B. adventure 冒险; C. chance 机会;D. challenge 挑战。这件事对于流浪汉 T

39、om 来说是一个可以改变终生的机会。C 选项正确。点睛:1. 完形填空解题技巧之一:上下联系寻信息。完形填空中经常会出现前面的信息为后面的空白提供暗示,而后面的信息有可能是前面空白的答案的情况。这时,要联系上下文,寻求信息以确定答案。第 18 小题,考生可以根据前两句中的“wallet”和第三段中的“wallet”来确定答案。2. 完形填空解题技巧二:左顾右盼找搭配。英语中,有些单词词义相近,而句型结构及跟其他词的搭配却截然不同。考生不能单从词义上去辨析,而应审查空白前后的名词、动词、介词或非谓语动词等,比较与各选项的搭配关系,然后确定答案。在 33 题中,考生可以根据该空前的 faith 确

40、定搭配关系。如果考生从 show 来入手,那么就很困难了。第二部分:阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMy First Marathon(马拉松)A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember ba

41、ck to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didnt do either well. He later informed me that I was not athletic .The idea that I was not athletic stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a

42、 battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to m

43、yself.Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.

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