1、按住 Ctrl 键单击鼠标打开配套教学视频名师讲课播放外研版高中英语选修六 1-6 单元知识点归纳Module 1【词条 1】lack【点拨】lack 动词, 意为“缺乏,没有“。如:He is good at his job but he seems to lack confidence.What he lacks in experience he makes up for in enthusiasm. 【拓展】1. lack 的常用短语有:be lacking“欠缺,缺乏“；be lacking in“缺乏(某种品质、特点等)“；lack (for) nothing“应有尽有“。如:Mon
2、ey for the project is still lacking.I think the film is lacking in pace.They have got everything ready and they lack for nothing.2. lack 还可作名词 ,常与 of 连用,意为“缺乏,没有“ 。for lack of “因为缺乏“ 。如:The work had to be stopped for lack of funds.The flowers withered for lack of water.【词条 2】reply【点拨】名词,意为“回答, 答复“,
3、常与介词 to 连用。如:Is it a reply to the first or the second letter?To my anger, she made no reply to my question.其常用在短语 in reply to 中,意为“作为对的回答,回复“。如:What did he do in reply to your challenge?【拓展】reply 也可作动词,意为“回答,答复“,reply (to . / that .) 。如:The teacher gave me no chance to reply to her question. Lily re
4、plied that she knew nothing about it.【词条 3】apology【点拨】apology 名词,意为“道歉,歉意“,常用于短语:offer / make an apology to sb.“向某人道歉“, accept an apology“ 接受道歉“。如:Its impolite of you to leave without a word of apology.In my judgment, we should accept their apology.Youd better make an apology for your absence.【拓展】其动
5、词形式为 apologize,意为“ 道歉,表示歉意“, 常用短语为: apologize to sb.(for sth.)“(因某事)向某人道歉 “。如:I must apologize for not being able to meet you that day.I think Tom might have apologized to Jane for what he did.经典短语透视【短语 1】think of【点拨】think of 可意为“想起,想出“ 。如:The photo made me think of my child-hood.It was Tom who thou
6、ght of the good plan.【拓展】think 的其他常用短语:1. think highly / much of 重视 ,高度赞扬。如:All the teachers think highly of John because he is very smart and kind.2. think about 考虑。如:I was thinking about something else and missed your words. 3. think over 仔细考虑。如 : Please think the plan over and let me know your de
7、cision tomorrow.【短语 2】in addition【点拨】in addition 意为“另外,此外“。如:I write my own songs and I play the guitar in addition.You need money and time. In addition, you need diligence.【拓展】in addition to 除之外(还有),to 为介词 ,后接名词或动词-ing 形式。如:His brother can speak three foreign languages in addition to English.beside
8、s 也意为 “除之外(还有)“。如:The play was badly acted, besides being far too long.【短语 3】leave out【点拨】leave out 意为“ 省去,删去“。如:In Western countries, people usually leave out No. 13 as the number is thought unlucky.You can leave out the unnecessary words when writing down the notes.【拓展】1. leave out 还可意为 “漏掉,遗漏“。如:
9、Decide with you partner which words have been left out.2. 与 leave 相关的常用短语:leave behind 遗留,留下It left behind a long train of problems and difficulties.leave over 剩余,暂不解决We shall have to leave the question over till the next meeting.leave alone 别管 ,不理会If I were you, Id leave this question alone.【短语 4】s
10、how off【点拨】show off 意为“ 炫耀“。如:Those boys always show off their sports skills to the girls.His brother likes to show off his knowledge in public.【拓展】与 show 相关的常用短语:show sb. around 领某人参观The headmaster showed us around the school.show up 出席,到场The party is about to begin, but Mr. Wang hasnt shown up.热点语
11、法聚焦didnt need to do 和 neednt have done 都有“过去不必做某事“的意思,但是 didnt need to 表示“过去没有必要做某事,事实上也没做 “；neednt have done 表示“过去本来不必做某事,实际上却做了“。如:I didnt need to take a taxi from the air-port there was a bus all the way into the city. I neednt have booked in advance; there were plenty of tickets left. 此外,要注意 nee
12、d 的其它用法 :need 可作实义动词, 也可作情态动词。1. 作实义动词时 , need 有人称和数的变化,后可以接名词、代词、动词不定式和动名词等,否定式要在前面加 dont (doesnt, didnt),疑问句用 do (does, did) 提问。如:The company needs some good salesmen.His broken car needs to be repaired. = His broken car needs repairing.2. 作情态动词时 ,need 没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,否定式为neednt,常用在否定句和疑问句中。如:You
13、 neednt worry about him. He is very mature now.Need I stay another day?Yes, you must.Module 2【词条 1】behave【点拨】behave 用作不及物动词,意为“( 举止或行为)表现“。如:She has been behaving very politely. 另外,behave 还可意为“举止得体；守规矩“,常和反身代词连用。如:Cant you make your little child behave himself?【拓展】well- / ill- / badly-behaved adj.表现
14、得好的/ 不好的；behavior n.行为,举止如:He is thought to be a well-behaved child. She was ashamed of her childrens bad behavior.【词条 2】appeal【点拨】appeal 可用作名词,意为“ 吸引力,感染力“。如:Films of this sort have lost their appeal for me.【拓展】1. appeal 用作名词时,还可意为“ 呼吁,请求“。如:His appeal for forgiveness went unanswered. An appeal is
15、being made for help for those who lost their homes in the earthquake.2. appeal 还可用作动词, 意为“ 引起兴趣；呼吁,请求 “,常跟介词 to 连用。如:Does the idea of working abroad appeal to you?The police are appealing to the public for any information about this. 【词条 3】awake【点拨】awake 可用作形容词 ,意为“醒着的“。如:I have lain awake all night
16、 thinking over the problem.注意:awake 是表语形容词,不能用于名词前作定语。类似的形容词还有 asleep, alive, aware 等。【拓展】awake (awoke, awoken) 可作不及物动词,意为“醒来“, 这时与 wake up 意义相近；awake 也可作及物动词 ,意为“唤醒,叫醒；唤起(记忆)；激起(情感)“。如:I awake to the ringing of an electric bell every day.The thunder awoke me last night.His father tried to awake him
17、 to a sense of duty.Nothing can awake her interest in foot-ball.经典短语透视【短语 1】ahead of【点拨】ahead of 意为“在之前“。如:The time here is nine hours ahead of London. Ahead of us was a narrow and muddy road.【拓展】ahead of 还可意为“胜过,优于；(数量、价格等 )超过“。如:In management, our company is well ahead of theirs.Their pay offer wa
18、s well ahead of inflation.【短语 2】holdout【点拨】hold out 可意为“伸出,拿出“ 。如:When I arrived, Mary held out her hand in welcome.【拓展】hold out 还可意为“维持；坚持(抵抗)“。如:We were short of water but it could hold out for another day. They held out against the enemy for two days and nights.The town was surrounded, but the ci
19、tizens held out until help at last came.【短语 3】putdown【点拨】put down 可意为“放下“ 。如:Put down that knife before you hurt somebody!【拓展】1. put down 还可意为“写下 ,记下；镇压；消灭“ 。如 :Put down your notes at the bottom of the paper.The uprising was put down three days later. cant put sth. down 爱不释手；不忍释卷。如 :It is an interes
20、ting story and he cant put it down until he has finished reading it.2. 与 put 相关的常用短语:put out 出版；生产；使熄灭,扑灭；put up 树立；put off 推迟；put aside 把搁在一边；put forward 提出；put up with 容忍。如:Be sure to put out the light before you go to bed. The building will be put up in the centre of the campus.Dont put off till
21、tomorrow what can be done today.He put aside his work to spend more time with his family.He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting. I could hardly put up with the child any longer.热点语法聚焦动词的-ing 形式作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式、伴随或对谓语加以补充说明等。如:While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
22、(时间)It rained for two weeks, completely ruining the crops. (结果) Turning to the right at the crossing, you will see the post office right before you. (条件)Being busy and exhausted, he gave us a lot of help. (让步)We Chinese eat our food using chopsticks. (方式)Not knowing how to deal with the problem, the
23、 boy turned to his teacher. (原因)Laughing and talking loudly, we left the party. (伴随)【难点点拨】1. 现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致,它所表示的动作应该是句中主语所发出的动作,即现在分词和句子主语之间构成主动关系。如:Seeing from the top of the hill, we can get a full view of the country. (we 与 see 之间是主动关系)2. 现在分词作状语时,其前可加 while, when, after, before, thoug
24、h, unless 等连词,on, upon 等介词或 thus, completely 等副词。如:While doing the experiment, we discovered the new chemical.Take the medicine three times a day after having each meal. On hearing the news, she rushed out the room.My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.3. 有时用“(with / without)+ 宾
25、语+ 现在分词“结构作状语。如:I couldnt focus my attention with that noise going on.4. 当现在分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时,现在分词必须有自己的主语。如:Weather permitting, the sports meet will be held next Friday.Module 3【词条 1】raise 【点拨】vt. 可意为“招募,筹措(金钱)“。如:It voted to raise 100,000 troops immediately.He asked me to write a leaflet to raise
26、money for Hope Schools.【拓展】raise 还可意为“举起；增加,提高；提出；抚养,饲养；引起“。如:The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground.The boss has promised to raise their pay.He was so angry as to raise his voice. The question was raised at the meeting. I was raised by my aunt on a farm.The discussion raised our interest
27、.【辨析】raise rise 两者都可以表示 “上升；增长“之意,不同的是 raise 是及物动词,rise 是不及物动词。如:On Monday morning, we were watching the children raising the national flag and we saw it rising slowly in the wind. 【词条 2】regret 【点拨】regret 可用作动词,意为“懊悔,惋惜；遗憾“, 后接名词、代词、that 从句、不定式、动名词等。如:I regret my refusal to his invitation. I regret
28、that I cant attend the party.We regret to inform you that you failed again. We have deeply regretted selling the farm.注意:其后接动词-ing 形式和动词不定式时意思有区别。试体会:I regret to tell you that I have no news for you. (遗憾要做某事 )I regret telling Tom the truth. (后悔做了某事)【拓展】regret 也可作名词,意为“遗憾,后悔；歉意“ 。如:We decided with gr
29、eat regret that we couldnt offer you the position.feel no regret at 对不感到遗憾much to ones regret 使某人非常遗憾的是express ones regret at 对表示遗憾【词条 3】forgive【点拨】vt.vi.意为“原谅 ,宽恕“, 常用于结构 forgive sb. for sth. / doing sth.,也可以接双宾语。如:I will never forgive you for what youve ever done to me.Eventually, she forgave him
30、the bad behavior. 【拓展】forgivene ss n.原谅,宽恕,饶恕 forgiving adj. 宽大的,仁慈的经典短语透视【短语 1】keep in touch (with) 【点拨】keep in touch (with sb.)意为“(与某人)保持联系“,也可写作 stay / be in touch (with sb.)。如:This is my card. Lets keep in touch. Ive kept in touch with most of my classmates in the middle school.【拓展】与 touch 相关的常见
31、搭配还有:get in touch with“与取得联系“ ；lose touch with / be out of touch with“与失去/ 没有联系 “。如:We have lost touch with John since we moved to Japan.Write to me as often as you can. I dont want to lose touch with you. 【短语 2】knock over【点拨】knock over 意为 “撞倒,击倒“。如:A drunken driver knocked over nine people, causing
32、 five deaths.【拓展】与 knock 相关的短语还有 :knock down“打倒,推倒“；knock off“停止,中断“ ；knock out“击败,击倒“ 。如:He knocked Tom down with one blow of his fist.We knocked off work for tea.Our team was knocked out in the first part of the competition.【短语 3】make up【点拨】make up 可意为“和好“。如:I found it hard to make up with Joan af
33、ter we quarreled about the beautiful stamp.【拓展】make up 还有以下常用意思:You shouldnt believe him. He is making the whole thing up. (编造)Whoever attends the ball is supposed to make up. (化妆 )You must make up the work you missed. (补上)热点语法聚焦1. 非谓语动词的完成式 having done 的用法非谓语动词的完成式 having done 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。
34、其否定式为 not having done。如:Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking.Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations.分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing 分词动作的承受者。根据 -ing 分词动作发生的时间,-ing 分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如:He never talked about his having been intervie
35、wed by the reporter. The question being discussed is very important. 2. 非谓语动词的-ing 形式和 to do 形式的区别有些动词既能接不定式,又能接-ing 形式,含义有所不同。如 :(1) forget, remember, regret 等词后面接不定式表示不定式动作后于谓语动作,而后接-ing 形式作宾语表示动名词动作先于谓语动作。如 :Do you remember seeing me before? 你记得以前见过我吗？Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开时
36、要记得锁门。(2) 动词 mean, stop, try, go on 等动词后面接动名词和接不定式作宾语,意思也有所不同。如:I mean to change it for another one. 我想换成另外一个。Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时。(3) 动词 allow, advise, forbid, permit 等可直接跟 -ing 形式作宾语,不可以接动词不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾语补足语。如 :Please permit me to say a few words.请允许我说
37、几句话。We dont permit smoking here. 我们这儿不允许吸烟。(4) 动词 need, require, want 作“需要“解时,后面接-ing 分词或不定式被动式。如:These little children require looking after carefully / to be looked after carefully. 这些小孩需要细心地照料。(5) 动词 like, hate, prefer 等后面,如表示一般性动作,多用-ing 形式；如指特定的具体的某次动作,多用不定式。如:I like swimming, but I dont like t
38、o swim with you. 我喜欢游泳,但我不喜欢和你一起游泳。Module 4【词条 1】combine 【点拨】combine vi. / vt. 联合,结合,合并。常用作结构 combine . with .“把与结合“。如:The two countries combined against their common enemy.He combined his scientific knowledge with his friends business skill and started a company. His efforts, combined with his dete
39、rmination, helped him achieve great success.【拓展】combination n. 联合,合作, 结合 combined adj. 组合的,结合的【词条 2】relax 【点拨】relax vi. / vt. 放松 ,使轻松。如:The doctor told him to relax a week or so before going back to work.This equipment will help relax your muscles.【拓展】relax 还可意为“ 放宽；使松弛“。如:They relaxed the regulatio
40、ns after the reform.relaxed adj. 放松的,镇定的 relaxing adj. 令人放松的She had a very relaxed manner.Its really a relaxing walk.【词条 3】present【点拨】present 可用作动词 ,意为“ 赠送；颁发(奖品等 )；提出“。如:When Mr. Smith left our company; our manager presented him with a golden watch.The winner was presented with the prize by the chairman.【拓展】1. present 作名
