1、本科毕业论文(设计)外文翻译外文题目BRAINDRAINORTAPTHESTRENGTHS外文出处UNIVERSITYOFHONGKONGLIBRARIES,HONGKONG,PEOPLESREPUBLICOFCHINA外文作者MEIWAESTHERWOO原文BRAINDRAINORTAPTHESTRENGTHSMEIWAESTHERWOOINTRODUCTIONMUCHDISCUSSIONHASBEENCARRIEDOUTAMONGLIBRARIANSABOUTTHEIMPORTANCEOFHUMANRESOURCESINHELPINGORGANIZATIONSTOMANAGECHANGEM
2、ANYOFUSWILLBEAWAREBYNOWTHAT“EFFECTIVEANDSTRATEGICALLYFOCUSEDHRDHUMANRESOURCEDEVELOPMENTCANPLAYAMAJORROLEINCREATINGTHENECESSARYORGANIZATIONALREADINESSANDRECEPTIVENESSTOCHANGE”SMITH,2004HOWEVER,MAINTAININGACHANGEFRIENDLYWORKFORCEISNOTANEASYTASKESPECIALLYWHENTHEQUESTFORHUMANRESOURCESHASBECOMEAGLOBALCHA
3、LLENGESINCETHEARRIVALOFTHEKNOWLEDGEECONOMYASONEOFTHEPLAYERSINTHEINFORMATIONWORLD,ACADEMICLIBRARIESMUSTFORMULATESTRATEGIESTOHELPRECRUITQUALITYSTAFFFORSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTTHISARTICLEWILLEXAMINEHOWHRDCANASSISTINTHERECRUITMENTOFACADEMICLIBRARIANSASWELLASTHECLOSERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHESETWOESSENTIALCOMP
4、ONENTSINSTRATEGICHUMANRESOURCEMANAGEMENTSHRM,SHRMIS“THEIMPLEMENTATIONOFHUMANRESOURCESACTIVITIES,POLICIES,ANDPRACTICESTOMAKETHENECESSARYONGOINGCHANGESTOSUPPORTORIMPROVETHEAGENCYSOPERATIONALANDSTRATEGICOBJECTIVES”PYNES,2004THEMODELISBASEDONTHEBELIEFTHATTOBEEFFECTIVEANDABLETOADAPTTOCHANGESQUICKLY,AGENC
5、IESNEEDREALISTICINFORMATIONONTHECAPABILITIESANDTALENTSOFTHEIRCURRENTSTAFFINESSENCE,THEIRHUMANRESOURCESINOTHERWORDS,THESUCCESSOFFUTUREORGANIZATIONSWILLMUCHDEPENDONHOWTHEYCANTAPTHETALENTSANDSKILLSOFTHEIRSTAFFBYMEANSOFAHOLISTICANDEFFECTIVEAPPROACHINRECRUITING,MANAGINGANDGROWINGPEOPLEWITHAVIEWTOEXPLORIN
6、GTHERECRUITMENTPROBLEMSENCOUNTEREDBYMANYLIBRARIES,ALITERATUREREVIEWWASCONDUCTEDONTHEDEMANDANDSUPPLYOFACADEMICLIBRARIANSSINCEYEAR2000THECAUSESOFTHEPROBLEMSWILLBEANALYZEDANDCATEGORIZEDTOFACILITATEIDENTIFICATIONOFEFFECTIVESOLUTIONSTHISWILLBEFOLLOWEDBYADISCUSSIONOFTHEDIFFERENTAPPROACHESADOPTEDBYLIBRARIE
7、STORESOLVEHIRINGPROBLEMSTHROUGHDEVELOPINGLIBRARYSTUDENTS,UNIVERSITYGRADUATESASWELLASINTERNALCANDIDATESATTENTIONWILLBEDRAWNTOTHEFACTORSTHATCONTRIBUTETOTHESUCCESSOFTHOSEPROGRAMSTRIEDOUTINACADEMICLIBRARIESISSUESOFCHANGEINRECRUITMENTCHANGEHASBECOMEAWORDTHATWEALMOSTCANNOTLIVEWITHOUTINTHELIBRARYLITERATURE
8、WRITTENSINCE1990S,MANYAUTHORSHAVETALKEDABOUTTHEIMPACTOFCHANGEONLIBRARIESFROMDIFFERENTPERSPECTIVESSUCHASTECHNOLOGY,SOCIETY,ECONOMY,ETCASWEWILLFINDOUTFROMTHEFOLLOWINGANALYSIS,RECRUITMENTPROBLEMSOFACADEMICLIBRARIESAREINTERTWINEDWITHMANYOFTHEFACTORSCOMMONLYDEPICTEDINOURSTORIESOFCHANGEFLUCTUATINGDEMANDAN
9、DFLATSUPPLYRECENTDATACOLLECTEDFROMTHEMAJORJOBMARKETSSUCHASTHEUS,CANADA,AUSTRALIAANDTHEUKINDICATEDTHATLIBRARIESAREMEETINGRECRUITMENTCHALLENGESMORETHANEVERONEOFTHEMOSTDISCUSSEDRECRUITMENTISSUESINTHETWENTYFIRSTCENTURYISTHEEFFECTOFTHERETIREMENTWAVESOFBABYBOOMERSTHEMAJORITYOFTHEWORLDSBABYBOOMERSWEREBORNI
10、NTHECOUNTRIESMENTIONEDABOVEDURINGTHEPERIOD1946TO1964CONSTANTEFFORTSHAVEBEENMADEBYLIBRARIANSANDLIBRARYASSOCIATIONSTOPROJECTTHEIMPACTOFRETIREMENTSOFTHISGROUPOFPEOPLESCHRADER,2005ACCORDINGTORELEVANTESTIMATES,THEGREATESTRETIREMENTWAVEINTHEUSWILLOCCURBETWEEN20102020AT45PERCENTDAVIS,2005RECRUITMENTOFTHENE
11、XTGENERATIONOFLIBRARIANSHASTHEREFOREBECOMEONEOFTHEMOSTPRESSINGISSUESFORREGIONALORNATIONALLIBRARYASSOCIATIONSACRL,2004DESPITETHEINCREASEDAWARENESSOFTHENEEDFOREFFECTIVEWORKFORCEDEVELOPMENTANDSUCCESSIONPLANNINGINITIATIVESAMONGLIBRARIANSHALLAM,2006,NOTMANYLIBRARIESHAVEASTRATEGICPLANTOHANDLETHEIMPENDINGR
12、ETIREMENTSOFTHEIRSTAFFUNTILTHEISSUEAPPEARSONTHETOPOFTHEIRAGENDAALTHOUGHTHEREWEREALSOREPORTSONDOWNTURNANDSHRINKINGOFTHEJOBMARKETBERRY,2003A,BHOLTANDSTROCK,2005CULLENANDKAVANAGH,2006,MANYLIBRARIESARESTILLDESPERATELYSEEKINGSUITABLECANDIDATESTOFILLTHEIRVACANCIESDESPITETHENEEDFORNEWBLOOD,THEJOBMARKETINTH
13、EUSSHOWSTHATENTRYLEVELJOBSARERARE,WITHROUGHLY11PERCENTWEREOPENTONEWLIBRARIANSHOLTANDSTROCK,2005THISRECRUITMENTDILEMMACANBECONFIRMEDBYTHESTATISTICSOFAMERICANLIBRARYASSOCIATIONPLACEMENTCENTERSINCE2000FIGURES1AND2THEYREFLECTATRENDOFDWINDLINGJOBOPENINGSTILL2003ANDAFLATDEMANDTHEREAFTERONTHESUPPLYSIDE,THE
14、NUMBEROFJOBSEEKERSHASBEENRELATIVELYSTEADYTHEPLACEMENTSTATISTICSASSHOWNBYTHEANNUALSURVEYOFTHELIBRARYJOURNAL,SINCE2000INDICATEARELATIVELYSTABLESUPPLYOFACADEMICLIBRARYPOSTINGSWHILETHEIRPROPORTIONINTHEOVERALLJOBMARKETISGRADUALLYSHRINKINGTABLEIONEOFTHEWORRYINGFINDINGSFROMARECENTSURVEYISTHATWHILEGRADUATES
15、ARENOTSEEINGLISPROFESSIONALSRETIRINGATHIGHRATES,THEPHENOMENONOFMULTIPLEDUTIESHASSUGGESTEDTHATSOMEORGANIZATIONSAREBEINGREQUIREDTODOMOREWITHFEWERPOSITIONSMAATTA,2006INAUSTRALIA,THEMARKETDATAINDICATETHATEMPLOYMENTLEVELSFORLIBRARIANSDOFLUCTUATE,WITHFIGURESFOR2000SITTINGATABOUT12,500,ANDTHENDROPPINGIN200
16、12002TOAROUND9,500THEFIGURESTHENPICKUPAGAINTOTHELEVELOF13,000IN2006ASINTHEUS,THESUPPLYOFNEWGRADUATESHASBEENQUITESTEADYWITHANANNUALAVERAGEATAROUND700HALLAM,2006THECOMPLEXSITUATIONDESCRIBEDABOVEHELPSTOEXPLAINTHELIMITEDCHOICEFOREMPLOYERSINRECENTYEARSWHILEGREATRESEARCHLIBRARIESAREALSOSUFFERINGFROMASMALL
17、NUMBEROFQUALIFIEDAPPLICANTSINTHEIRRECRUITMENTEXERCISESBERRY,2003A,B,WECANIMAGINETHEDIFFICULTIESENCOUNTEREDBYSMALLORREMOTELIBRARIESINTHE2008USGOVERNMENTBUDGET,LIBRARYFUNDINGWILLBEINCREASEDTOUS226MILLION,REPRESENTINGANINCREASEOFUS155MILLIONOVERTHEFISCALYEAR2006ALA,2007THEADDITIONALINVESTMENTONLIBRARYS
18、ERVICESINTHISBIGGESTJOBMARKETFORLIBRARIANSMAYINTENSIFYTHECOMPETITIONFORHUMANRESOURCESINTHEFOLLOWINGYEARSWITHTHEGLOBALIZATIONEFFECT,WEMAYNEEDTOWATCHOUTHOWTHEJOBMARKETSOFACADEMICLIBRARIANSWILLBEAFFECTEDBYMOREROBUSTDEVELOPMENTOFTHELIBRARYSECTORINTHEUSAEVOLVINGJOBNATUREANDREQUIREMENTSCHANGINGARENOTONLYT
19、HEDEMOGRAPHYOFLIBRARIANSANDTHEJOBOPENINGSALLOFUSHAVEWITNESSEDSIGNIFICANTDIFFERENCEINTHEJOBNATUREANDREQUIREMENTSOFACADEMICLIBRARIANSINTHELASTTWODECADESSINCETHE1990S,OURCOLLECTIONFOCUSHASBEENGRADUALLYSHIFTINGFROMPRINTTOELECTRONICRESOURCESTHERAPIDINTEGRATIONOFLIBRARYSERVICESWITHTHEINTERNETANDINFORMATIO
20、NTECHNOLOGYCANBEFOUNDININSTITUTIONSOFEVERYDEVELOPEDORDEVELOPINGCOUNTRYTHEWORKSOFLIBRARYSTAFFATVARIOUSLEVELSRANGINGFROMASHELVERTOAHEADLIBRARIANHAVEBEENCHANGINGOVERTHESEYEARSWEAREQUITECOMFORTABLEWITHTHEGROWINGNUMBERSOFELECTRONICRELATEDPOSITIONSTHATHANDLEERESOURCES,COMPUTEREQUIPMENTANDSYSTEMSBEILEANDAD
21、AMS,2000THEAMOUNTOFSPECIALIZEDPOSITIONSISALSOONTHERISESUCHASSUBJECTSPECIALISTS,SPECIALCOLLECTIONSANDRAREBOOKSLIBRARIANSBERRY,2003BMOREANDMORELIBRARIESARESEEKINGFORCANDIDATESINANEWRANGEOFASSIGNMENTSLIKEHUMANRESOURCES,FUNDRAISING,FACILITIESMANAGEMENT,ETCTHEINCREASINGINVOLVEMENTOFLIBRARIANSINOTHERAREAS
22、OFACADEMICRELATEDACTIVITIESHASMUCHEXPANDEDTHEBREADTHANDDEPTHOFOURASSIGNMENTSITHASBECOMEQUITECOMMONFORLIBRARIANSTOTAKEUPADDITIONALROLESLIKEAPUBLISHER,ANEDUCATOR,ARESEARCHER,ANENTREPRENEURORAPOLICYADVOCATENEAL2006BWITHNODOUBT,NEWPOSITIONSANDASSIGNMENTSTRANSLATEINTOANOVELSETOFQUALITIESANDCOMPETENCIESWH
23、ICHFURTHERCOMPLICATEOURTALENTSEARCHTOASCERTAINTHENEEDSOFLIBRARYEMPLOYERSINTHETWENTYFIRSTCENTURY,BOTHLISPRACTITIONERSANDEDUCATORSFROMAROUNDTHEWORLDHAVESPAREDNOTIMEINDISCUSSINGINTHESKILLSETFORTHEFUTUREPROFESSIONALSSOMECONDUCTEDCOMPREHENSIVESURVEYSORSTUDIESONTHEISSUEBYLOOKINGATBOTHTHEPROFESSIONALANDGEN
24、ERICSKILLSGOULDINGETAL,1999FISHER,2004MISSINGHAM,2006NAGATAETAL,2006VARALAKSHMI,2006SOMEADVOCATETHATLIBRARIANSSHOULDBECOMEGENERALISTSORMOREHOLISTICINTERMSOFSKILLSANDEXPERIENCEBECHTEL,1994CHU,2006SOMECATEGORIZETHESKILLSINTOCORECOMPETENCIESSUCHASSTRATEGICANDBUSINESS,MANAGEMENT,THINKINGANDLEARNING,COMM
25、UNICATIONANDINTERPERSONAL,INFORMATIONMANAGEMENT,ITLITERACY,ETCWITHREFERENCETOTHENEEDSFORINDIVIDUALPOSITIONSABELLANDOXBROW,2001GORMANANDCORBITT,2002SOMEEXPOUNDONSPECIFICSKILLSORQUALITIESRANGINGFROMMANAGEMENTTORESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTCULLEN,2004NEAL,2006ASOMESUGGESTTHATEMPLOYERSAREINCREASINGLYCONCERNEDA
26、BOUTTHESOFTSKILLSSUCHASINTERPERSONALANDCOMMUNICATIONSKILLS,STRESSANDTIMEMANAGEMENT,TEAMWORK,ETCGOULDINGETAL,1999SINGERETAL,2004VARALAKSHMI,2006NOMATTERHOWNARROWOREXTENSIVETHESKILLSETREQUIREDFORACERTAINPOSITION,WITHASMALLPOOLOFAPPLICANTS,ITISNOTEASYIFNOTIMPOSSIBLETOMATCHCANDIDATESWHODESIRABLYFITINTHE
27、REQUIREMENTSOFEMPLOYERSSOMERECRUITMENTEFFORTSTHEREFOREBECAMEFUTILEWHILEOTHERSHADTOBEREPEATEDORENDEDUPWITHLOWEREDREQUIREMENTSTOCOPEWITHTHELACKOFQUALIFIEDCANDIDATESFORSPECIALIZEDPOSITIONS,SOMELIBRARIESAREFILLINGPROFESSIONALPOSITIONSWITHINDIVIDUALSWHODONOTHAVETHEMASTERSDEGREEINLIBRARYSCIENCEBERRY,2003B
28、NEAL,2006BTHOUGHTHEPRACTICEHASSTIRREDUPSOMECONTROVERSYAMONGLIBRARIANS,THETRENDSEEMSTOBEIRREVOCABLEASLONGASTHEREISNOEFFECTIVEMEASURETOINCREASETHEPOOLOFEMPLOYABLECANDIDATESINSTEADOFFOCUSINGONWHATANINDIVIDUALHASDONEORALREADYKNOWS,SOMECRITICSARGUETHATITISMOREIMPORTANTTOLOOKFORPEOPLEWITHTHEDESIREDTRAITSO
29、FFUTURELIBRARIANSLIKECAPACITYTOLEARN,ABILITYTOADAPTTOCHANGE,ANDWILLINGNESSTOINNOVATERASCHKE,2003WHETHERPERSONALTRAITSCOULDBEVIEWEDASAMAJORSELECTIONCRITERIONWILLBEAMATTEROFCHOICEFORINDIVIDUALLIBRARIESNEVERTHELESS,LEARNINGATTITUDEWILLNODOUBTBECOMEANINDISPENSABLEQUALITYOFLIBRARIANSINANENVIRONMENTOFCONS
30、TANTCHANGEHOWHUMANRESOURCEDEVELOPMENTCANHELPTOEXPANDTHEPOOLOFPOTENTIALCANDIDATESFORFUTUREVACANCIES,MANYACADEMICLIBRARIESHAVEADOPTEDSOMESTRATEGIESCOMMONLYUSEDINTHECORPORATEWORLDONEOFTHOSETACTICSISINCORPORATINGHUMANRESOURCEDEVELOPMENTHRDEFFORTSINTORECRUITMENTPROGRAMSHRDCANBEBROADLYDEFINEDAS“DEVELOPING
31、THEWORKRELATEDCAPACITYOFPEOPLEPEOPLEWORKINGASINDIVIDUALS,INTEAMS,ANDINORGANIZATIONSPROVIDINGPEOPLEWITHTHEKNOWLEDGE,UNDERSTANDING,SKILLS,ANDTRAININGTHATENABLESTHEMTOPERFORMEFFECTIVELYENCOMPASSESSTAFFDEVELOPMENTANDTRAINING,CONTINUINGPROFESSIONALDEVELOPMENT/CONTINUINGPROFESSIONALEDUCATION,ANDWORKPLACEL
32、EARNING”SMITH,2003MOREANDMOREEMPLOYERSINTHECORPORATEWORLDHAVEEMBRACEDTHECONCEPTTHATHRDCANENHANCESTAFFEMPLOYABILITY,APROCESSBYWHICHORGANIZATIONSPROVIDETOOLSANDOPPORTUNITIESFORPROFESSIONALGROWTHWHILEALLOWINGEMPLOYEESTOMANAGETHEIROWNCAREERSRASCHKE,2003ACCORDINGTOWIKIPEDIA,“EMPLOYABILITYISABOUTHAVINGTHE
33、CAPABILITYTOGAININITIALEMPLOYMENT,MAINTAINEMPLOYMENTANDOBTAINNEWEMPLOYMENTIFREQUIRED”WWWWIKIPEDIAORG,FEBRUARY9,2007BYMEANSOFHRD,SOMEACADEMICLIBRARIESARETRYINGTONURTURETHEEMPLOYABILITYOFJOBSEEKERSINCLUDINGLISSTUDENTS,UNIVERSITYGRADUATESANDSERVINGSTAFFTHEPHILOSOPHYISTHATWITHANUNCERTAINFUTUREANDCHANGIN
34、GMARKETENVIRONMENT,ITWILLBEEVENMOREIMPORTANTTOAROUSETHEINTERESTSOFTHOSEPEOPLEANDSECUREAPOOLOFPOTENTIALCANDIDATESBYEXAMININGRELATEDEFFORTSFORTHEDIFFERENTTARGETGROUPS,WECANGAINANINSIGHTINTOTHERELATIONSHIPOFRECRUITMENTANDDEVELOPMENTOFHUMANRESOURCESRECOMMENDATIONSHARVESTINGQUALITYCANDIDATESFROMTHEEMPLOY
35、MENTMARKETISACHALLENGENOSMALLERTHANBUILDINGOURCOLLECTIONSWITHLIMITEDFUNDINGINTHEERAOFINFORMATIONEXPLOSIONINFACT,ACADEMICLIBRARIESCANOVERCOMERECRUITMENTCHALLENGESWITHTHEFOLLOWINGDEVELOPMENTSTRATEGIESTHATADOPTEDBYMANYINSTITUTIONSNOWADAYSCOLLABORATIONRECRUITMENTOFACADEMICLIBRARIANSISAPROCESSTHATWOULDIN
36、VOLVEMULTIPLEPARTIESSUCHASTHELIBRARIES,CANDIDATESWITHORWITHOUTMLSTRAINING,LISSCHOOLS,LIBRARYASSOCIATIONS,ETCTOCREATEAWINWINSITUATIONFORALLTHEPARTIESINVOLVED,COLLABORATIONISCRITICALANDPOSSIBLEINMANYAREASFORINSTANCE,LIBRARIESSHOULDCOMMUNICATETHEIRNEEDSWITHLISSCHOOLSANDJOINHANDSWITHTHELATTERINCURRICULU
37、MDEVELOPMENTANDCOURSEDELIVERYCOOPERATIONINORGANIZINGPLACEMENTANDINTERNSHIPPROGRAMSFORMLSSTUDENTSWILLBEANOTHERAREATHATWORTHPURSUINGLISSCHOOLSANDLIBRARYASSOCIATIONSCANALSOPROVIDEVALUABLESUPPORTTOACADEMICLIBRARIESANDJOBSEEKERSINPUBLICIZINGRECRUITMENTEXERCISESORCOMPILINGEMPLOYMENTDATATHEDEEPERTHECOLLABO
38、RATION,THEMOREEVERYPARTYCANBENEFITFROMTHEEFFORTSPERSONALIZATIONLIKESERVICINGLIBRARYUSERS,WESHALLPUTMOREEFFORTSINASCERTAININGTHENEEDSANDWANTSOFPOTENTIALCANDIDATESRECRUITMENTSTRATEGIESANDRELATEDEFFORTSHAVETOBETAILORMADEBYTAKINGINTOACCOUNTNOTJUSTTHEGOALSANDREQUIREMENTSOFTHEEMPLOYINGLIBRARIESBUTALSOCARE
39、ERMOTIVATIONSANDPROFESSIONALINTERESTSOFTHETARGETGROUPSSPRING,2006INTHEEND,SUCCESSFULRECRUITMENTISMATCHINGTHEWISHFULLISTSOFANEMPLOYERANDACANDIDATEINTHEKNOWLEDGEWORLDTHATTREASURESPEOPLEASTHEMOSTVALUABLEASSETOFANORGANIZATION,AKEYROLEOFTHEMANAGEMENTISTOCREATECIRCUMSTANCESINWHICHPEOPLECANUSETHEIRTALENTST
40、OTHEFULLASLIBRARIANS,WHATWENEEDISTOMANAGEHUMANRESOURCESWITHCREATIVITYANDSINCERITYINTHESAMEWAYWEMANAGEOURSERVICESANDCOLLECTIONS译文人才流失或挖掘优势胡美华以斯帖介绍很多讨论已经被实施在图书管理员关于人力资源在帮助组织变革管理的重要性上。在我们当中,很多人都认为“有效、有战略的人力资源发展在创建有需要的组织中扮演一个重要的角色,并随着改变”(史密斯,2004)。然而,维持一个友好平衡的劳动力不是一个容易任务,尤其当追求人力资源已成为一个全面挑战赛模式以来抵达的知识经济。像
41、在信息世界之一的播放机,学者图书馆必须制订战略帮来助招募的最高品质的员工的可持续发展。这篇文章会检查人力资源开发如何能在学者的招聘图书管理员上给予协助,以及在这些必要的元件在战略人力资源管理的密切关系人力资源管理学会,人力资源管理学会就是“人力资源的履行活动,政策,做法有了必要前的提高和改变,用来支持或改善机构的操作,战略目标”PYNES,2004。该模型被基于信仰,去有效,能适应急速变化,机构需要他们当前员工有关于实际情报的才能和天赋本质上,就是他们的人力资源。换句话说,未来组织机构的成功将多依靠他们如何运用技能人才,他们的工作人员,通过一个整体和有效的途径招聘,管理和成长的人。以探索许多图
42、书馆遇到的招聘问题,自2000以来,学术图书馆对文献进行了审查的需求和供给,对这些问题的原因进行分析和分类,以便找到方便有效的解决办法。通过讨论,图书馆采用不同的方法通过发展图书馆学学生,大学毕业生,以及内部候选人来解决聘用问题。经过高校图书馆试用,他们的注意力将被吸引,有助于对这些方案的成功。招聘中的变化问题90年代以来,变化已成为一个词,我们几乎不能生活在没有文献的图书馆,许多作者从诸如科技、社会、经济等不同的观点,谈到变化对图书馆的影响,正如从下面的分析,我们会发现,高校图书馆的招聘问题,常与改变我们的故事描绘的很多因素交织在一起。变化的需求和单位供应从美国,加拿大,澳大利亚和英国的就业
43、市场主要收集的最新数据表明,图书馆开会招聘比以往任何时候都具有挑战。对在二十一世纪讨论最多的问题之一是招聘的婴儿潮退休波的影响。世界的大多数婴儿潮出生在上述期间内提及1946至1964年的国家。他们不断努力作出了图书馆和图书馆协会对本项目的一群人退休的影响(施拉德,2005年)。据有关方面估计,45美国最大的退休浪潮将在20102020年间发生(戴维斯,2005)。馆员的下一代招聘因此成为对区域或国家图书馆协会的最紧迫问题之一(ACRL,2004)。尽管需要对有效的人力发展和图书馆之间的继任计划举措提高认识(哈勒姆,2006年),许多图书馆都没有一个战略计划,以处理其工作人员即将退休,直到问题
44、上出现的议程居于首位。虽然也有下滑的报告和就业市场的萎缩(贝里,2003年,B组霍尔特与抚摩,2005CULLEN和卡瓦纳,2006年),许多图书馆仍然拼命地寻找合适的人选来填补空缺。尽管对新血的需要,在美国就业市场表明,入门级的职位是罕见的,大约有百分之十一,开放予新的图书馆(霍尔特与抚摩,2005年)。本次招募的困境可以证实了美国图书馆协会就业中心自2000年以来的统计(图1,图2)。它们反映了到2003年的就业机会日益减少的趋势,一个单位的需求其后。在供应方面,对求职者人数一直相对稳定。安置所图书馆杂志自2000年以来的年度调查结果和统计数据表明,高校图书馆张贴相对稳定的供应,而其在整体
45、就业市场的比重正逐渐萎缩(见表一)。从最近的一项调查发现令人担忧的之一是,虽然毕业生没有看到高利率的LIS专业人士退休,多职务的现象表明,一些组织被要求更少的位置。(MAATTA,2006年)。在澳大利亚,市场数据表明,就业水平馆员的波动,与2000年的数字约为12,500,然后在20012002年下降到约9500。这些数字,然后回升到2006年13000的水平。正如在美国,新毕业生的供应已相当稳定,每年平均约700(哈勒姆,2006)。上述复杂的局势有助于解释近年来雇主选择有限的问题。虽然伟大的研究型图书馆也从合格的申请人中招聘少量的苦难,我们可以想像小型或远程库遇到的困难(贝里,2003年
46、A,B)。在2008年美国政府预算中,图书馆的资金将增加226亿美元,较2006美国增加了财政年度1550万美元(助理法律顾问,2007年)。在以后的几年,对图书馆服务,在这个最大的就业市场增加投资可能会加剧对人力资源的竞争。随着全球化的影响,我们可能需要注意,学术馆员的就业市场将如何影响美国图书馆界的蓬勃发展。不断发展的工作性质和要求改变的不仅是图书馆员的职位空缺及人口。我们大家都目睹了过去二十年中的工作性质和学术图书馆员的要求有着显着差异。90年代以来,我们收集的重点已逐渐从印刷转向电子资源。可以发现在每一个发达或发展中国家的机构,都有与互联网和信息技术的快速整合的图书馆服务。从图书管理员
47、到图书馆馆长各级图书馆工作人员的作品中可以看出,这些年都在不断改变。我们很舒服与电子有关的立场处理电子资源,计算机设备和系统的人数不断增加(BEILE和亚当斯,2000年)。专门的职位数量也如学科专家,善本特藏和图书馆的上升(贝里,2003年B)。越来越多的图书馆正在寻求一个像人力资源、筹资、设施管理等在学术有关的活动,越来越多地参与其他领域的图书馆员的新任务范围已经扩大了。很多我们的任务是寻找有广度和深度的候选人,这已经成为一种常见的形式。馆员承担更多的作用就像一个出版商、教育家、研究员、企业家或政策主张(奥尼尔,2006年B)。无疑地,新定位和任务转化为素质和能力的进一步复杂化的人才搜索,
48、以确定在二十一世纪图书馆的雇主的需要,图书情报工作者和教育工作者都从世界各地不遗余力地为将来的专业技能设置讨论时间。有些进行全面调查或研究的问题,都通过一般的专业技能(高尔丁等人,1999年。费舍尔,2004年MISSINGHAM,2006。永田等,2006VARALAKSHMI,2006年),有的主张馆员应成为通才或更多技能和经验方面的整体(BECHTEL公司,1994年楚,2006年)一些分类,如战略和业务,管理能力为核心的技能,思考和学习,沟通和人际关系,信息管理,资讯科技知识,以供参考(阿贝尔和OXBROW,2001年戈曼和科比特,2002年)从管理的研究和开发考虑,个别职位需要特殊技
49、能或一些品质,(尼尔,2006年卡伦,2004)雇主越来越关注阐述一些建议,如人际沟通技巧,压力和时间管理,团队协作等软技能方面(古尔丁等,1999。辛格等人,2004VARALAKSHMI,2006)。不管如何缩小,广泛的技能需要一定的地位的申请人,是不容易的,如果不是不可能的匹配候选人,谁刻意在适应雇主的要求。因此,一些招聘和努力成为徒劳,而其他国家不得不重复或结束时降低要求。为了配合专门的缺乏职位的合格候选人,一些图书馆正在填补与个人专业技术职务相关的图书馆学学位(贝里,2003年B奥尼尔,2006年B)。虽然这种做法已经引起了一些图书馆之间的争议,但这一趋势似乎是不可撤销的,因为只要没有有效的措施,就难以增加就业人选。而不是只关注个人已做或已经知道,一些批评者认为,更重要的是寻求有能力的前途,如图书馆所需特征的人才学习,适应变化的能力,并愿意创新(RASCHKE,2003)。无论是个人特质,可以作为一个主要的选择标准将被视为对个别图书馆的选择问题。然而,在不断变化的环境中学习态度无疑将成为图书馆不可缺少的素质。怎样可以帮助人力资源开发为了扩大未来潜在人选空缺,很多高校图书馆都采用世界上普遍使用的一些企业的战略。这些手法之一是招聘方案纳入人力资源开发(HRD)的努力。人力资源开发大致可界定为“发展人的工作有关的能力,人们在团队中工作的个人能力,以及在组织中提供的知识