1、本科毕业论文(设计)外文翻译外文题目THECRISISOFPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONAREEMPLOYERSWORRIEDABOUTIT外文出处RUSSIANEDUCAITIONTHESHORTAGEOFQUALIFIEDPERSONNEL,BOTHINTHEDIRECTSENSEANDINTERMSOFTHEQUALITYOFTHETRAINING,ISMENTIONEDBOTHBYMANAGERSOFENTERPRISESANDBYEXPERTSATTHESAMETIME,THERISEINWAGESANDSALARIESTHATHASBEENTHENORMFORTHEPA
2、STFEWYEARSHASLEDTOSTATEMENTSTHATTHELABORMARKETINRUSSIAISOVERHEATED,ANDTHATISPRACTICALLYIMPOSSIBLEFORANEMPLOYERTOFINDSUITABLEPERSONNELTHERESULTSOFMONITORINGSURVEYSOFTHEECONOMICSOFEDUCATIONINTHEPASTFEWYEARS,INPARTICULARSURVEYSOFEMPLOYERSREGARDINGPROBLEMSOFTHEPROFESSIONALTRAININGOFCADRES,HAVEPAINTEDAPI
3、CTURETHATISLESSSENSATIONALANDFRIGHTENINGTHEDATASHOWTHATALTHOUGHEMPLOYERSHAVEBEENUNANIMOUSINTHEIRASSERTIONTHATTHEREISAGREATNEEDTOIMPROVETHEPROFESSIONALTRAININGOFCADRES,THEPRACTICALACTIVITYOFENTERPRISEMANAGERSTOWARDORGANIZINGTHINGSALONGTHESELINESISNOTACTIVE,ASIGNTHATTHEPROBLEMISOFRELATIVELYLITTLEURGEN
4、CYAMAJORPORTIONOFEMPLOYERSWHOPROVIDEEMPLOYMENTFORASUBSTANTIALPERCENTAGEOFHIREDPERSONNELCONTINUETOREMAINTHEPASSIVECONSUMERSOFTHESERVICESPROVIDEDBYTHESYSTEMOFPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONFORTHEMOSTPART,EMPLOYERSARENOTORIENTEDTOWARDTHESELECTIVEAPPROACHWHENITCOMESTOEVALUATINGTHEQUALITYANDPROFESSIONALISMOFGRADUA
5、TESOFEDUCATIONALINSTITUTIONSWHENTHEYDOHIRETHEM,THEYGIVEUNQUESTIONABLEPREFERENCETOTHEPREVIOUSPROFESSIONALEXPERIENCEANDPERSONALQUALITIESOFTHECANDIDATES,ANDALSOTOTHEIROWNINHOUSERATINGSOFAWORKERSFITNESSAMOREACTIVEPOSITIONWHENITCOMESTOCOOPERATINGWITHTHESYSTEMOFEDUCATIONISTOBENOTEDONTHEPARTOFTHELARGESTAND
6、MOSTDYNAMICALLYDEVELOPINGENTERPRISES,ALTHOUGHINTHISSEGMENTASWELLTHEREARENODISCERNIBLEFUNDAMENTALLYDIFFERENTAPPROACHESTOTHEPROBLEMSOFPROFESSIONALCADRETRAININGTHREESURVEYSOFEMPLOYERSHAVEBEENCARRIEDOUT,ANDINTHEMONITORINGSAMPLEASUBSTANTIALNUMBEROFINTERVIEWSHAVEBEENACCUMULATEDWITHTHEMANAGERSOFTHESAMEENTE
7、RPRISESTHATTOOKPARTINALLTHREEWAVESOFTHESTUDYANANALYSISOFTHEDYNAMICSOFTHEOPINIONSOFTHEMANAGERSINTHISONGOINGREPEATSAMPLEOFENTERPRISESMAKESITPOSSIBLETODETERMINERELIABLYWHETHERTHEBEHAVIOROFTHEEMPLOYERSINTHELABORMARKETISCHANGINGINCONNECTIONWITHTHEWORSENINGOFTHEPROBLEMOFTHERECRUITMENTOFQUALIFIEDPROFESSION
8、ALCADRES,ANDIFSO,JUSTHOWITISCHANGINGAREPARTICULARCHANGESINTHEPOSITIONTAKENBYTHEEMPLOYERSCONNECTEDWITHTHEDYNAMICSOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEENTERPRISEITSELFHOWDOTHEEMPLOYERSREACTTOTHATSHORTAGEOFQUALIFIEDLABORPOWER,WHICH,INTHEOPINIONOFEXPERTS,COULDSOONPUTABRAKEONPROGRESSALONGTHEWAYTOTHECOUNTRYSDEVELOPMENTTH
9、EINITIALHYPOTHESISASSUMESTHATTHEREISACONNECTIONBETWEENTHECHARACTEROFANEMPLOYERSBEHAVIORINTHELABORMARKETANDTHEDYNAMICSOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEENTERPRISETHATHEISINCHARGEOFTHEEXPECTATIONISTHATINACOMPETITIVELABORMARKETTHEMANAGERSOFTHEENTERPRISESTHATARETHEMOSTSUCCESSFULHAVEANADVANTAGEWHENITCOMESTOTHESELECTI
10、ONOFMANPOWERWHATDOESSUCHANADVANTAGECONSISTOF,ANDHOWISITEXPLOITEDINORDERTOSTUDYTHISCONNECTION,ANANALYSISWASMADEWITHTHEFOCUSONAGROUPOFENTERPRISESTHATDIFFERINTERMSOFTHEDIRECTIONOFTHEIRDEVELOPMENTTHREEGROUPSOFENTERPRISESWERESINGLEDOUTTHEFIRSTGROUPCONSISTSOFDEVELOPINGENTERPRISESTHATHAVEIMPROVEDTHEIRPOSIT
11、IONINTHEMARKETITISFAIRLYLARGE,ANDTHISISNOTSURPRISINGGIVENTHEINTENSIVELYDEVELOPINGECONOMYOFTHECOUNTRYASAWHOLETHEGROUPCONSISTSOFATOTALOF210ENTERPRISESWEWILLCALLTHISGROUPTHEDEVELOPINGENTERPRISESTHESECONDGROUPCONSISTSOFSTABLEENTERPRISESTHATHAVEKEPTTHEIRPOSITIONSINTHEMARKET,THEMOSTNUMEROUSGROUP,WITHATOTA
12、LOF305ENTERPRISESWECALLTHISGROUPTHESTABLEENTERPRISESTHETHIRDGROUPCONSISTSOFENTERPRISESWHOSERELATIVEPOSITIONSHAVEGOTWORSETHISSMALLESTGROUPCONSISTSOF107ENTERPRISESWECALLTHISGROUPTHESTAGNATINGENTERPRISESRATINGSOFTHEQUALITYOFPERSONNELDESPITETHEOVERALLATMOSPHEREOFDISSATISFACTIONWITHTHESITUATIONINTHELABOR
13、MARKET,THEEMPLOYERSONTHEWHOLEGIVEAFAIRLYHIGHRATINGTOTHEWORKERSINTHEIROWNENTERPRISESIFWEMEASURETHINGSINTHESAMEWAYASTHESCHOOLROOMFIVEPOINTSCALE,THEPRESENTRATINGOFTHEPERSONNELISASOLIDGRADEOFFOURTHISPOSITIONOFTHEEMPLOYERSHASREMAINEDUNCHANGEDFORQUITEALONGTIMETHEFOLLOWUPSURVEYSPROVIDECONFIRMATIONOFTHEEARL
14、IERDATA,BUTTHEYSHOWTHATMORESUCCESSFULEMPLOYERSHAVEAMORECRITICALATTITUDETOWARDTHEQUALITYOFAVAILABLEMANPOWERTHEDIFFERENCESAREMINIMAL,HOWEVER,ANDONTHEWHOLETHEEMPLOYERSAREPERFECTLYSATISFIEDWITHTHEIRWORKERSASWELLASWITHTHEGRADUATESOFTHESYSTEMOFPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONWHOHAVEBECOMEAVAILABLETHEMAJORITYOFTHEENT
15、ERPRISESSURVEYEDARECONSTANTLYENGAGEDINTHEWORKOFREPLENISHINGTHEIRCADRESOVERTHESPANOFAYEAR,9095PERCENTOFTHEENTERPRISESHIRENEWWORKERS,AND75PERCENTHIREGRADUATESOFTHESYSTEMOFPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONTHEINTENSIVENESSOFTHEHIRINGHASHARDLYCHANGEDOVERTHEOBSERVATIONPERIODNATURALLY,ATTHESAMETIME,CONSISTENTFORMSAREB
16、EINGWORKEDOUTTOLOOKFORNEWWORKERSANDSTRATEGIESTOGETTHEMADAPTEDTOTHEJOBINTHEPARTICULARENTERPRISEINTHECOURSEOFTHEMONITORINGSURVEY,CONSIDERABLEATTENTIONHASBEENFOCUSEDONANALYZINGTHESEPROCESSESONEOBJECTIVEOFTHEANALYSISISTODISCOVERTHESYSTEMOFCRITERIAFORRATINGTHEQUALITYOFPOTENTIALWORKERS,CRITERIATHATTHEEMPL
17、OYERSUSEINTHECOURSEOFTHEIREVERYDAYPROCEDURESFORSELECTINGPERSONNELITISESSENTIALTODETERMINEWHATSUCHASYSTEMOFCRITERIAISINORDERTOMAKEITPOSSIBLEFORTHESYSTEMOFPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONTOWORKOUTTHEBESTWAYNOTONLYTOTRAINTHEKINDSOFWORKERSTHATAREINDEMANDINTHELABORMARKETBUTALSOTOENSURETHATWORKERSAREEQUIPPEDWITHTHEA
18、PPROPRIATEFORMALCREDENTIALSCERTIFYINGTHELEVELANDQUALITYOFTHEIRPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONTHEPRECEDINGSTAGESOFTHEMONITORINGSURVEYSHOWEDTHATTHEMASSEMPLOYERDOESNOTHAVEANEXPLICITSYSTEMOFFORMALREQUIREMENTSTOSERVEASTHEBASISFORTHESELECTIONOFWORKERSINTHELABORMARKETTHEONLYFORMALCRITERIONISAWORKERSPOSSESSIONOFADIPL
19、OMAORCERTIFICATEATTESTINGTOACQUISITIONOFAPROFESSIONALEDUCATION,PREFERABLYAHIGHEREDUCATION,EVENINCASESWHEREAHIGHEREDUCATIONISNOTNEEDEDFORTHEASSIGNEDJOBTHISISPRACTICALLYTHECASEEVERYWHERE,BUTASARULEITISNOTINSTRUMENTALTHEPOSSESSIONOFADIPLOMAHASBECOMEANECESSARYBUTBYNOMEANSASUFFICIENTCONDITIONFORFINDINGAJ
20、OBORBEINGHIREDWHENITCOMESTORATINGTHEQUALITIESOFAPOTENTIALWORKER,THEEMPLOYERBASESHIMSELFONDIFFERENTCRITERIAINPARTICULAR,EXPERIENCEACQUIREDINAPREVIOUSJOB,IFANY,ANDALSOINDIVIDUAL/PERSONALINHOUSECRITERIAOFTESTINGANDSELECTINGPERSONNEL,THEPROCEDUREOFATRIALPERIODINSPITEOFALLTHEIRABSTRACTCOMPLAINTSABOUTTHEL
21、OWPROFESSIONALQUALITYOFWORKERSANDABOUTTHEDIFFICULTIESOFFINDINGHIGHLYQUALIFIEDCADRES,WHENITCOMESTOTHEACTUALHIRINGITISOFLITTLEIMPORTANCETOEMPLOYERSWHATTHEWORKERSWERETAUGHT,ANDHOW,INTHEINSTITUTIONSOFTHESYSTEMOFPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONWHENTHEYHIRESOMEONETOWORK,ENTERPRISEMANAGERSRARELYAREINTERESTEDINAGEOLDI
22、NFORMATIONSUCHASTHELOCATION,PRESTIGE,ANDFUNDAMENTALSOUNDNESSOFTHEEDUCATIONALINSTITUTIONWHEREHEGOTADIPLOMA,THECOURSESHETOOKANDTHEDISCIPLINESHELEARNED,OR,INFACT,THEGRADESHEEARNEDITISNOTSURPRISING,FORTHISREASON,THATTHERELATIVELYNEWCRITERIAOFTHEQUALITYOFTHEINSTITUTIONSPROVIDINGPROFESSIONALEDUCATION,SUCH
23、ASTHEIRRATING,AREOFSOLITTLEINTERESTTOEMPLOYERSANDDESPITETHEWIDELYPUBLICIZEDCASESREPORTINGTHEUSEOFFORGEDDIPLOMASCERTIFYINGAPROFESSIONALEDUCATION,ONLYHALFOFTHEEMPLOYERSFEELITISNECESSARYTOCHECKWHETHERTHECREDENTIALSTHATWORKERSSUBMITATTESTINGTOAPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONAREGENUINETHEREQUIREMENTTHATAPERSONHAVE
24、ADIPLOMACERTIFYINGAPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONTOBEHIREDISPURELYFORMALHAVINGACERTIFICATETHATATTESTSTOAPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONDOESNOTSERVEASATOOLFOREVALUATINGTHEQUALITYOFAWORKERSPROFESSIONALSKILLSATTHEPRESENTTIME,HOWEVER,THEEMPLOYERDOESNOTSEEMTOHAVENEEDOFANYOTHERCRITERIATORATETHEQUALITYOFTHEEDUCATIONTHATMIGHT
25、BEPROVIDEDBYTHESYSTEMOFPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONENTERPRISEMANAGERSAREAGREATDEALMOREINTERESTEDINTHEAMOUNTOFWORKEXPERIENCETHATHASBEENACCUMULATED,AND,MOREOVER,SPECIFICALLYINTHEFORMOFENTRIESINTHEPERSONSWORKBOOKLETALSOAKINDOFCONVENTIONAL,FORMALLYESTABLISHEDCERTIFICATE,JUSTONEMOREREFERENCEBRIEFLY,ANYSIGNALSTH
26、ATAREEXTERNALWITHRESPECTTOTHEEMPLOYER,CONCERNINGTHELEVELANDQUALITYOFTHEWORKERSTRAINING,AREOFINTERESTTOTHEEMPLOYERONLYINTHEFORMOFREFERENCES,WHICHINANDOFTHEMSELVESDONOTSAYMUCH,BUTTHEMORETHEREARE,THEBETTERHOWELSETOACCOUNTFORWHATTHEEMPLOYERPLACESAVALUEON,WHENAHIREDEMPLOYEEMAYSUBMITNOTJUSTONEBUTTWOORMORE
27、CERTIFICATESATTESTINGTOAPROFESSIONALEDUCATIONEG,TWODIPLOMASCERTIFYINGAHIGHEREDUCATION,CERTIICATESATTESTINGTOATTENDANCEATSOMESPECIALCOURSES,ANDOTHERCERTIFICATES,IFHEISNOTTHATINTERESTEDINWHATWASTAUGHTTHEREANDSO,ONEMOREIMPORTANTCHARACTERISTICOFANEMPLOYERSATTITUDETOWARDEMPLOYEESISTHISTHEMASSEMPLOYERDOES
28、NOTSHOWSPECIALSELECTIVITYWHENITCOMESTORECRUITINGCADRESNORISTHERESOFARASENSEOFNEEDFORANYSYSTEMOFDIFFERENTIATEDDISCERNMENTOFTHEQUALITYOFHIREDLABORAMONGMOSTEMPLOYERSANEMPLOYERDOESNOTTHINKOFANYOTHERWAYEXCEPTTOHIRESOMEGUY,SIGHTUNSEEN,WHOHASADIPLOMASINCEHEASSUMESTHATTHEONLYWAYTORELIABLYDETERMINEWHETHERTHE
29、WORKERISITTOBEEMPLOYEDINHISENTERPRISEISBYWAYOFINHOUSEEVALUATIONINTHEPROCESSOFTHEWORK,WHICHINCLUDESANECESSARYSTAGEOFINITIALSUPPLEMENTARYTRAININGITISONLYFAIRTOSUGGESTTHATMOSTEMPLOYERSARECONVINCEDTHATTHENEEDFORNEWLYHIREDWORKERSTOUNDERGOADDITIONALTRAININGISVIRTUALLYTOTAL,ANDTHISREFLECTSTHEFACTTHATWHENTH
30、EYHIREWORKERSTHEYDONOTHAVEANYTOOLTOMAKEANAPRIORIASSESSMENTOFTHEIRQUALITY,WHICHISWHYEMPLOYERSMUSTALWAYSANTICIPATEAPERIODOFADAPTATION,WHICHTHEYCALLTHEPERIODOFSUPPLEMENTARYTRAINING,DURINGWHICHTHENEWLYHIREDWORKERACQUIRESTHESKILLSNECESSARYFORTHESPECIFICJOB,ANDTHEEMPLOYERRATESTHEWORKERSPROFESSIONALQUALITI
31、ESANDSO,WHATTHEMASSEMPLOYERCALLSAMANDATORYPERIODOFSUPPLEMENTARYTRAININGOFANEWLYHIREDWORKERIS,ESSENTIALLY,APERIODTHATISNECESSARYFORTHEEMPLOYERTOMAKEANINHOUSEPERSONALASSESSMENTOFTHEQUALITIESOFTHEWORKER,WHICHTAKESTHEPLACEOFANYMISSINGINSTITUTIONALSIGNSOFTHEQUALITYOFTHEWORKERSPROFESSIONALTRAININGANDSO,MO
32、STEMPLOYERSTHINKTHATNEWLYHIREDWORKERSNEEDSUPPLEMENTARYTRAINING,ANDTHENUMBEROFTHOSEWHOHOLDTHATOPINIONISNOTGROWINGSMALLERINTHISREGARD,HOWEVER,THEOPINIONSOFTHEMANAGERSOFTHEDEVELOPINGANDTHESTAGNATINGENTERPRISESDIFFERAGREATDEALWITHRESPECTTOALLOFTHECATEGORIESOFWORKERSEXCEPTFORQUALIFIEDBLUECOLLARWORKERS译文这
33、场专业教育的危机是用人单位所担心的吗作者KRASILNIKOVA,MARINA正文调查数据的显示俄罗斯企业管理者的态度相对于专业队伍培养和选拔的问题,他们越来越感兴趣的内容是配合企业系统的专业教育。在俄罗斯,自从国家项目开始,教育制度的改革,尤其是子系统的专业教育,已取得国家优先高级地位。专业管理人员的培训引入批评制度已经成为一个传统人才的短缺,不论是在直观上的或者是素质上的培养,都被企业管理者和专家所提到。于此同时,工资、薪金上升,导致过去几年俄罗斯劳动力市场产生过热的论点,因此,有人单位很难找到适合本企业的员工。在过去专业的经济学检测调查结果显示,尤其是对雇主关于企业专业干部培训的问题的调
34、查,画了一张数据图,而不像以前没有数据那么可怕。数据显示,尽管雇主们观点一致,认为目前专业干部的培训迫切需要完善,但是企业管理者在组织处理组织事物是沿着这条思路下去明显是无效的,这就暗示了这个问题没那么紧迫。大部分的雇主成了专业教育系统所培训的员工的服务的被动消费者。大多数情况下,雇主是不会选择去评估应征人员的质量和他的毕业学校,当雇主面对应征人员时,他们会根据专业经验和应征人员的个人品质做出选择,当然,应征人员的的能力必须符合企业内部的评级标准。为了更积极的配合教育体系,企业应注意关注的最大的、发展变化最快的企业,虽然这样做不能有效的从根本上解决干部培训的问题。3份对雇主的调查已经展开,对大
35、量的面试样本的监测累积了大量的相同企业管理人员参与3份调查。管理者的动力分析的意见在这一正在进行重复样本的企业使其决定是否可靠的行为,是否能改变有关劳动力市场日益恶化的聘用合格干部的的问题,如果能,该怎样改变。难道是企业自己的动态发展改变了雇主的特殊立场雇主如何应对劳动力短缺,专家认为,难道这很快就会限制国家的发展最初的假设认为雇主在劳动力市场的行为性格和企业的发展动态是有关系的,这种关系负责预期的效果是最成功的企业的管理人员能在竞争激烈的劳动力市场选择人才时有优势这样的优势是什么,它又如何被运用的为了研究这个问题,一份分析在一群集中的但是发展方向不同的企业中展开,其中3组企业被挑出第一组包括
36、企业的提高了自己在市场上的地位,它比较大,而这并不奇怪,以为它和国家的经济发展融合为一个整体。改组包括210家企业。我们称这组为“发展的企业”;第二组包括在市场上有稳定位置的企业,众多集团,总共有305家企业。我们称这组为“稳定的企业”;第三组的相对定位比较差。这个最小的组有107家企业组成。我们称这组为“停滞不前的企业”。质量评分人员的最佳化配置尽管劳动力市场气氛不满,雇主普遍给自己企业的工人们一个较高的等级。如果我们以课堂五个等级的划分方式和现在的等级标准去测量事物,那么人员的等级一致是四级。这个姿态的雇主已经保持很长一段时间不变了。后续的调查提供早期有效的数据,但他们指出,更多取得成功的
37、雇主对可用的人力资源持批判的态度他们之间的差别是最小的,但是,对所有雇主来说非常满意的是可以获得的工人以及毕业生的职业教育体系。大多数接受调查的企业不断的在其企业工作中补充新的企业管理人员在过去的一年里,9095的企业会雇佣新员工,其中75的企业会雇佣刚从职业教育体系毕业的毕业生。在试用期间,新员工几乎不会改变。当然,在雇人方面和战略方面始终如一的形式,是为了使雇员在特定的企业能很快适应工作。在监测调查的过程中,相当大的注意力都集中在分析这些变化过程上。其中一个分析的目的是要发现潜在工人在标准系统的质量等级,这个标准被应用于雇主日常程序中甄选员工的过程之中。这是必要的,以确定这样一个系统的标准
38、是为了实现了系统的专业教育,以制定一个最佳的方法不只是培养在劳动力市场需求类型的工作人员,而且还要确保员工具备相应的正式学历水平和质量,证明他们经过职业教育。前阶段的监测调查表明,在劳动力市场中,大部分雇主对选择以服务为根本的员工的正式要求没有一个明确的标准。一名员工获得过专业教育的官方唯一标准是拥有本科毕业证书或文凭,最好是受过高等教育,即使在某些情况下不需具备较高的教育水平也可以负责工作,到处几乎都是如此,但是通常情况下它是没有意义的。如果想找工作或者被雇佣,拥有一个文凭是必要的条件,但并不是唯一的条件。就对潜在员工的能力品质进行评定时,用人单位会根据自己不同的标准来进行,特别是以前的工作
39、经验,当人也会根据个人(内部)的标准测试和选择员工,然后提供一个试用期。尽管雇主们一直在抱怨工人的职业素质偏低和发现高素质管理人员的困难,但是工人们去给了雇主一个教训,这种抱怨对实际的招聘工作和专业教育系统的情况是没有什么意义的。当企业雇佣员工时,企业管理者很少会去关注雇员的那些比较老的信息,例如学校的位置、信誉、基本教育内容以及他是怎么获得文凭的,他选择和课程和学习的科目,或者事实上雇员只是毕业而没拿到文凭。这并不令人意外,因为这个原因,对那些提供专业教育的机构提出了相对较新的标准,因为雇主对雇员的等级并不是那么的感兴趣。尽管广泛的宣传引起了大量伪造的专业教育的文凭,但是只有一半的雇主认为对
40、员工的专业教育资格是有必要进行检查的。雇佣一个员工的正式标准是这个员工必须要有受过专业教育的文凭。有一张文凭,证明他受过专业教育,但这并不能成为评估员工专业技能水平的工具。然而目前,雇主似乎不需要任何其他标准对教育系统可能提供的专业教育进行评价。企业管理者非常感兴趣的是大量工作经验的累积,而且,特别是在个人工作小册子上用表格进行记录,还有一种传统是正式颁发证书,更多一个参考。简单的说,任何外部信息对用人单位都有影响,对员工的训练水平、等级、及兴趣等那些并没有多说的信息只是作为只用形式上的参考,当然,员工说的越多越好。当员工提交不止一种文凭,乃至是两种,甚至更多的文凭来证明他的受教育程度(例如,
41、是两种受过高等教育的文凭,证书证明不可出席一些特别的课程,和其他证件。)如果员工对培训的内容不感兴趣,那么企业怎么解释他所关注的价值取向。因此,雇主态度的一个重要特征是当谈到对管理人员进行招聘时,大多数用人单位都没有特别的选择。到目前为止,大多数用人单位在招聘员工时是不能够用一种系统来分辨他们的差别的。当企业雇佣那些拥有文凭但未经考察的员工时,唯一能对这些员工进行考核的是企业内不能的评估工作,包括一定程度的入职培训。这清楚地表明几乎大多数雇主相信新雇用的工人进行额外的培训实际上是非常必要的,这反映了一个事实,就是雇主没有一种工具能对新雇佣的员工进行素质评估,这就是为什么雇主总是期待新员工的试用期,然后普雇主在试用期内对新员工所具备的职业技能进行评估。所以,这是必要的,在试用期间大部分用人单位都要对新员工进行一次强制性的补充培训,在这一期间对员工进行内部个人素质评价能代替缺少的职工专业素质评估制度的迹象。因此,大多数用人单位都认为有必要对新员工进行补充培训呢,持有这种观点的企业越来越多。在这方面,然而,不管是发展中的企业或者走下坡路的企业的管理人员都认为在除了合格的蓝领工人外该大量使用不同类别的员工。