1、专题：定 语从句（The Attributive Clause）一 定语从句的概念在复合句中，用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，我们叫先行词。定语从句要放在先行词的后面，对先行词起修饰限定的作用。引导定语从句的词有关系代词 that，which，who（宾格 whom，所有格 whose）和关系副词 where，when，why。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又做定语从句的一个成分。二关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词 例句指物A fish is an animal that lives in the water.The moon cake
2、s that mother cooked taste nice.that 在从句中做主语或宾语指人Who is the man that is reading a newspaper?The boy that was talked to yesterday is Jim.which 在从句中做主语或宾语指物The silk which is produced in Suzhou sells well.The songs which the Backstreet Boys sang were very popular.Who，whom 在从句中分别做主语和宾语，whose 在从句中做定语指人Th
3、e foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.The person whom you just talked with is our head teacher.I know the woman whose daughter studies in our school.1. 由关系代词 who 引导的定语从句关系代词 who 用来代替先行词为人的名词或代词，并在定语从句中充当主语，不可省略。此时，who 不能译成“谁”，而是理解 为所替代的先行词。e.g. Do you know the boy? He is always
4、late for schoolDo you know the boy who is always late for school?你认识上学总迟到的那个男孩吗?在上面的例句中，the boy 被 who 引导的定语从句修 饰，who 代替 the boy(指人)并在从句中作主语。2由关系代词 that 引导的定 语从句关系代词 that 用来代替先行词为人、物的名 词或代词并在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时，指人可与 who 替 换，指物可与 which 替换，作宾语时可省略。e.g. The book is interestingIt cost me a lot of money这本书很有趣。
5、它花了我很多钱。The book that(=which)cost me a lot of money is interesting.花了我很多钱的那本书很有趣。The hero is a PLA manHe saved me from the fire英雄是位解放军战士。他把我从火中救出来。The hero that(=who)saved me from the fire is a PLA man把我从火中救出来的英雄是位解放军战士。The book is well writtenI bought it yesterday那本书很好。我昨天买的。The book(that/which)I b
6、ought yesterday is well written我昨天买的那本书写得很好。3. 由关系代词 which 引导 的定语从句关系代词 which 用来代替先行 词为物的名词或代词，并在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时，指物可与 that 替换，作 宾语时可省略。但如果作介词宾语，并且介词提前，则不能省略，也不可换为 that。e.g. This is the room（which/that）I painted last week .（作宾语，可省略）这就是我昨天粉刷的房间。This is the magazine about which we were talking.=This is
7、the magazine（which/that）we were talking about .这就是我们刚才谈论的那本杂志。4. 由关系代词 whom 引导的定语从句。关系代词 whom 用来代替先行词为人名或代词，并在从句中作宾语，可省略。但如果作介词宾语，并且介词提前， 则不能省略，也不可换为 who。e.g. He is the man（whom）/（=who）I met in the street last week .他就是我上星期在街上遇见的那个人。5. 关系代词 that 与 which 的区别【注】下列情况中选用 that，不能用 which。 当先行词 是 anything,
8、 everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代 词时，或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时e.g. (1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(
9、4) There is little that I can do for you. 先行词被 the last，the very，the only，the same 等修饰e.g. (1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned 先行词被序数 词、形容词的最高级所修饰。e.g. This is the most wonderful film that I have ever se
10、en 先行词既指人又指物时。e.g. Look at the boy and his dog that are walking along riverside 先行词为 数词时。e.g. Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the twothat are still alive. 主句是 there be 结构时。e.g. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free. 当先行词 前面有 who, which 等
11、疑问代词时e.g. (1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?三关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词 例句when 在定语 从句中做时间状语，指时间I will never forget the day when I joined the Army.where 在定语 从句中做地点状语，指地点Everyone wants to visit the place where Chairman Mao once worked.why 在定语从句中做原因状语，指原因I dont k
12、now the reason why she didnt agree to our study plan.1关系副词 when 引导的定 语从句。 当先行词是“ 时间” 时，并在句中作时间状语时，关系副词用 when。Do you remember the day when we moved here?2. 关系副词 where 引导的定语从句。 当先行词是“ 地点” 时，并在句中作地点状语时，关系副词用 where。He liked to visit places where the people are very friendly.3. 关系副词 why 引导的定语从句。 当先行词是“ 原
13、因” 时，并在句中作原因状语时，关系副词用 why。I dont know the reason why he was late for class again this morning.二 单项选择。1. The young lady _ we met yesterday is our new math teacher.A. what B. whose C. who D. which2. The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very importantA. who B. where C. what D. that3. He knew t
14、he reason _ he wasnt invited by themA. that B. why C. when D. which4. I have never been to the small village _ my father had worked for five years before he went to collegeA. which B. that C. where D. when5. The man _ is talking with me is our headmasterA. who B. whom C. where D. which6. Rosa likes
15、music is quiet and gentle.A. when B. which C. where D. who7. I told my boy friend the year _ I was born and the place _ I was brought up. A. when; where B. which; which C. when; on which D. which; where 8. -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees?-Yes，he doesA. which B. whose C. where D.
16、 who9. After living in Paris for fifty years，he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when10. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that the reason _ you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. what D. where11. Do you know a boy sister is a nurse in
17、 a hospital?A. who B. that C. whose D. whose12. The watch he bought yesterday was lost.A. what B. which C. who D. when13. This is the best hotel in the city I know.A. where B. which C. that D. when14. This is the third film I have seen this month.A. which B. that C. where D. when15. This is the very
18、 building _ Ive been looking for the whole morning A. which B. that C. where D. in which 16. Ive read all the books _ our teacher requires us to read. A. which B. that C. what D. they 17. This is one of the most interesting movies I have _ seen.A. that；ever B. which；never C. that；never D. which ever
19、18. This is the only apple _ was leftA which B that C/ D what19. This is the biggest laboratory _ we have ever built in our schoolA. that B. which C. where D. what20. They talked nearly two hours about the people and the things _ they remembered in the village.A. who B. which C. whom D. that21. Rosa
20、 likes music is quiet and gentle.A. when B. that C. where D. who22. We all the new teacher came to our school last month.A. which B. who C. whom D. he23. The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very importantA. who B. where C. what D. which24. Anyone work here must be careful.A. whom B. who C.
21、 that D. which25. Can you still remember the time we spent in the country when we were six years old?A. when B. which C. how D. what time26. The man with the policeman is talking is a thief.A. who B. whom C. which D. that27. -Have you found the information about famous people you can use for the rep
22、ort?-Not yet. Ill search some on the Internet.A. which B. who C. whom D. what28. The house roof was blown off has been repaired.A. who B. that C. whose D. which29. Do you the reason _ he wasnt invited by themA. that B. why C. when D. which30. I have never been to the small village _ my father had wo
23、rked for five years before he went tocollegeA. which B. that C. where D. when31. I told my boy friend the year _ I was born and the place _ I was brought up. A. when; where B. which; which C. when; on which D. which; where 32. Do you know a boy sister is a nurse in a hospital?A. who B. that C. whose
24、 D. whose33. -We went to do shopping yesterday afternoon.-Is that you didnt come to the party?A. where B. when C. what D. why34. This is the best hotel in the city I know.A. where B. which C. that D. when35. This is the third film I have seen this month.A. which B. that C. where D. when36. This is t
25、he very building _ Ive been looking for the whole morning A. which B. that C. where D. in which 37. Ive read all the books _ our teacher requires us to read. A. which B. that C. what D. they 38. This is the only apple _ was leftA. which B. that C. / D. what39. They talked nearly two hours about the
26、people and the things _ they remembered in the village.A. who B. which C. whom D. that40. There isnt much I can do.A. what B. which C. that D. how41. -Have you been to the new Sports Center is just opened in town?-No, not yet.A. where B. who C. that D. when42. Wuhan is a beautiful city attracts mill
27、ions of tourists each year.A. where B. which C. what D. who43. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone family was poor.A. whose B. who C. whom D. that44. The songs Jay Chou sings are popular with students.A. why B. whom C. what D. which45. Ive bought all the things our teacher requires us to buy.A. which B. that C. what D. they
