1、 1 建筑工程英语 课后习题答案 Unit One Concept of Building and Construction Engineering Part One, Section A 1、 Key to the listening: 1) contract; 2) have this project; 3) copy to the architect 4) completion; 5) section; 6) take over; 7) Quality control; 8) you will get the work you are paying for while we get pa
2、id for the work we perform. 2、 Lucas writes a report according to the conversation above. This morning, the client told me that our company was awarded the contract of the project. He issued the letter of acceptance to me and requested several documents to be provided to them before we should commen
3、ce the work, including performance security. I asked about the drawings and the client said the plan, elevation, section as well as specifications were available in the Architects office. The client expected to have a perfect work and I assured him that we were the professional engineering company.
4、Quality control was our first priority in construction. He would get the work he was paying for while we got paid for the work we performed. Part One, Section B I. Answer the following questions. 1. What is good communication? Good communication is the ability to make others understand what you are
5、trying to communicate. 2. Whom will you come in contact with in the building and construction industry? Client, consultants, manufactures, suppliers, subcontractors, etc. 2 3. What are the relations among the client, the consultants and the contractor? The relations between client and contractor are
6、 just like employer and employee. The former finances the building and the later is employed and paid to build the building. The consultants work for the client by designing the building and instruct the contractor to build the building. All of them work together to make the building perfect. 4. Wha
7、t are the relations among the contractor, the subcontractor and the manufacture? Subcontractor is employed and paid by the contractor to take certain part of the works, e.g. electrical or plumbing work. Manufacture makes building components required by the contractor. Both subcontractor and manufact
8、ure work for contractor. 5. List as many drawings and documents as possible used on the site. Drawings: Assembly drawing, Component drawing, Detail section, Elevation, Floor plan, Location drawing, Perspective drawing, Plan, Plan detail, Elevation, Production drawing, Section, Site layout: site plan
9、, Site plan, Survey plan, Working drawing , etc. Documents: Bill of quantities, Daywork sheet, Form of contract, Insurance policy, Insurance premium, Licence, Program, Schedule, Site minutes, Soil report, Specification, etc. II. Match the following words or phrases with the correct Chinese. 1 f; 2 d
10、; 3 b; 4 h; 5 c; 6 g; 7 i; 8 j; 9 e; 10 - a III. Read the following drawings. 1. Find a proper word or phrase to describe each of the drawings. 1) effect drawing; （效果图） 2) structure drawing （结构图）3) elevation （立面图） 4) floor plan 楼层平面图 5) section （剖面图 / 断面图） 6） detail section （剖面详图 / 节点图） 2. Read the
11、drawings again and tell your partners what the function is for each drawing. The function of perspective drawing gives a feeling of distance and solidity to the 3 building. It is usually drawn by Architect. The function of the structure drawing is to show how to make the building stable and safe. It
12、 is drawn by structure engineer. Floor plan shows what are planned on the floor or in the house. Section shows more clearly what the drawing tells and enables the builders to perform the work. Detail section shows how the parts of the building are connected. Part Two I. Reading Comprehension 1. What
13、 does building construction involve? Building Construction involves many trades, operations, products and professions. 2. Describe briefly the building construction requirements. Building construction requires the understanding of sciences of materials and structures, environmental sciences, and bui
14、lding economics. 3. Why is it becoming even more important to design and construct energy efficient housing? Because the worlds energy sources are deleting and the cost of energy rises. 4. Explain the finishes in building construction. The finishes in building construction include floor finishes, wa
15、ll finishes and ceiling finishes. The normal practice of finishes starts from ceiling, then walls and leaves floors at last. The ceiling can be painted or be suspended. The wall can also be painted or wall-papered. Floor tiles, carpets, or timbers can be used as floor finishes. 5. According to your
16、understanding, explain briefly the structure in building construction. Three structures are generally used in building construction. They are solid structure, skeletal (framed) structure and surface structure. Solid structure is usually of masonry and concrete. Skeletal (framed) structure is suitabl
17、e for high and low rise and for long and short span buildings. Surface structure is used for certain type of building with special materials. II. A. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 在建筑施工中，你会接触到来自不同地方的各种人员。 Through your work in the building and construction industry you will come i
18、n 4 contact with lots of people from many different areas. 2.你给出的大样图要简洁明了，图纸的注释要充分，这很重要。 It is important that you show the required details clearly and simp ly and that your drawings are fully annotated. 3. 从事建筑施工需要懂得材料学、结构、环境学及建筑经济。 Building construction requires the understanding of sciences of ma
19、terials, structures, environmental sciences, and building economics. 4. 雇主任命工程师，工程师应履行合同中指派给他的任务。 The Employer shall appoint the Engineer who shall carry out the duties assigned to him in the Contract. 5. 解决能源短缺矛盾的较有效方法是进行建筑节能控制。 The more effective way to solve the energy shortage in construction is
20、 to control the building energy conservation. B. Translate the following paragraph(s) into Chinese. 随着世界能源资源的减少，能源价格的上涨，设计和建设节能建筑就显得尤为重要。节能建筑被定义为居住更加舒适，运行成本更加低廉。设计得好的建筑不仅节约钱而且创造友好的环境。 节能建筑的重要决策需要在设计初期做出，从建筑的周边环境获取最大好处。适当利用窗户、建筑材料、隔热、自然通风，这些对成功的节能设计起着主要的作用。 低耗能建筑的主要目标是充分利用能源，达到合理的舒适度，在建筑成本和住房供热降温成本之间
21、保持最佳平衡。这意 味着低耗能建筑应该具有： 在冬天最大限度减少热量流失、最大限度获取太阳能； 在夏天最大限度排斥热量，最大限度接收自然通风。 这就称之为 冬暖夏凉 。 课文译文 Part One Section B 参考译文 交流是日常生活中最基本的一部分，然而，有些人对交流的能力却不以为然。试想如果你不能与人交流，如果，无论你多么努力，你的表达都不能使人理解，5 那是多么令人沮丧的事。 好的交流是一种让人理解你想表达什么的能力。 在建筑业工作，你会接触到来自不同地方的各种人员。这些人有可能使用该地区特有的某 种术语或难懂的语言，这些语言有可能因国家不同而发生了变化。 这部分的目的是为你介绍
22、在建筑业你会接触到的各类人员、施工现场会使用到的图纸及文件的一些基本知识。 项目管理（在现场工作的人员）（见图，略） 图纸及文件 建筑图就是建筑物竣工后是什么样子的图解。图纸通常是由建筑师、工程师或绘图员为雇主绘制，包含建筑施工需要的所有信息。建造者使用标注有详细建筑材料和部件的图纸。绘制这样的图纸需要多年的实践经验和全面的建筑知识。重要的是给出的详图要简洁明了，注释充分。装配图显示怎样把建筑的各部件组装在一起，部件图显示的是建筑的某一部分，比如门窗。位置图显示的是建筑物的各部位及部件的位置。透视图（效果图）给人一种距离感和建筑物的真实感。楼层平面图是建筑物一层楼的平面布局。现场平面图或现场布
23、置图显示的是建筑物的位置及现场的其他部分。测量图是建筑开工前的现场平面，显示现场的现有特征及标高。立面图显示的是建筑物的前、后、及侧面而剖面图是从侧面看建筑物的一部分。 在现场工作中你可能会阅读到许多文件。工程量清单列出了修建一个工程所需的材料及工作内容。日工作表记录完成的合同外增加的工作。合同形式是雇主和承 包商之间的合同条款和条件。保险条例是保险合同中所列的条款和条件，而保险费是支付的一笔金额，用于工程受到损害时保险公司给予赔付。执照是某权威机构颁发的官方许可证。工程进度表显示的是承包商计划完成该工程的时间，计划表是建筑部件清单，如门计划表，卫生洁具计划表。现场会议纪要是现场会议的书面记录
24、，土壤报告是工程师准备的现场地质情况信息。技术规范是要实施的工程的书面描述。 Part Two 参考译文 建筑工程概述 6 建筑施工涉及许多工种、工序、产品和技术，它涉及建筑结构的设计及建筑施工的方法。因此， 从事 建筑施工需要懂得材料学、结构、环境学及建筑经济。当下， 随着世界能源资源的减少，能源价格的上涨，设计和建设节能建筑就显得尤为重要。 建筑是一个供人类居住、工作、娱乐的用墙围起的结构， 也是一个能御寒、隔热、挡风、遮雨，提供舒适的内部环境和保障生命财产安全的封闭式结构。下面是建筑的一些基本概念。 1、 建筑的构成部分（ 略）。 2、建筑的基本要素 基本要素 功能及类型 基础 将建筑的
25、荷载分布于地下土壤 e.g. 条形基础 , 独立基础 , 桩基础 , 筏型基础 外墙 建筑的外部覆盖形式 e.g. 承重墙和 非承重墙 内墙 将外墙覆盖的内部空间分隔成房间 e.g. 砖 , 砌块 , 木板 , 金属 楼层 将外墙和平行屋面围护的空间分隔以增加使用空间 e.g. 底楼 , 上层楼面 楼梯 1) 从楼层到楼层的通道 2) 防火通道 e.g. 材料 , 形状 屋面 保护建筑免受风雨的侵蚀 e.g. 坡屋面 , 平屋面 门 封闭进入建筑物的洞口，或封闭建筑物内房间与房间之间的洞口 e.g. 材料 ( 施工 ), 开洞的方法 窗 1) 让光线和阳光进入建筑物 2) 能观察室内外事物 e
26、.g. 材料 , 开洞的方法 7 Unit Two Preliminary Site Work 1。 Key to the listening: 6) site plan; 7) stockpile topsoil; 8) square meters； 9) the huts; 10) accessible building; 6) the ground slab; 7) foundations; 8) we get the offices watertight as soon as possible. 2、 Peter writes a site report according to th
27、e conversation above. Kevin and I talked about the site plan and tried to solve the problem in site arrangement. Because there wasnt enough room to put everything at the beginning, we finally made a decision to set out the factory first, got the groundslab ready quickly and put the site huts up ther
28、e while all the other foundations were being laid. Then, the office block would be built and be used as the site offices. Part One, Section B I. Answer the following questions. 1. Plans, financing and building permits are included in this stage, as well as site investigation and preliminary site wor
29、ks. 2. For determining the factors which may affect the design and the construction processes of the proposed works. 3. It includes the soil investigation which is to determine strength of soil and to detect presence of causes, mines and harmful materials. It also investigates the existing undergrou
30、nd services such as water pipes, sewages pipes, electrical cables, telephone lines, and gas pipes underground 4. Before the actual construction work begins on site. 5.The access for entry and exit the site, storage facilities for materials, workshops or fabrication areas for formwork and reinforceme
31、nt, mechanical plant such as tower crane and mixing plant for concrete production, site offices for administrative 8 function, welfare & sanitary facilities such as temporary living quarters, site canteen, toilets / bathrooms for the staff and workers, security & protection for preventing theft of m
32、aterials and injury to members of public, and temporary services such as electricity, water and telephone lines. II. Match the following words or phrases with the correct Chinese. 1.C 2.I 3.A 4.D 5.H 6.G 7.F 8.E 9.J 10.B III. Read the following pictures 1、 Find a proper word or phrase to describe ea
33、ch of the pictures. 1) site plan 2)site meeting 3) site investigation 4) site layout 5)below ground investigation 6)preparing for the beginning of the site construction 2、 Read the pictures again and tell your partners which ones are related to each other and what kind of construction work they show
34、. All the six pictures are related to each other. The first pictures shows when we get a project we must study site plan and find out how to build on the site. The second picture shows a meeting on the site with all the parties is necessary to discuss problems before the work starts. The third pictu
35、re shows the site investigation is required to make sure the existing site features. The fourth picture shows they are ready to do site layout. The fifth picture shows they are doing underground investigation or piling to make sure the underground features. And the last picture shows the building pl
36、ants or equipments are already on the site and the construction work begins. Part Two key to the exercises I. Reading Comprehension 1. This is important to both the designer and builder because it will determine perhaps the style of house or type of footing used, or may determine the extent of cut a
37、nd fill required if a conventional type of building is to be constructed. 2. You should think about delivery of materials, particularly concrete or bricks, and the opportunity for any excavation plant to gain access. Provisions for storage of materials on site must also be considered. 9 3. The remov
38、al of the butt and roots may require considerable excavation which will require filling to be properly prepared and compacted. 4. This can be done by applying to the regional Lands Titles Office. You will require the owners name and / or the address of the site to obtain the plan number. You may the
39、n look at the plan in the office on a micro film, or purchase the plan for a small fee. 5. You have to build within the boundaries on the current allotment. II. Translation A. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Before you begin work on a building site you must be familiar with all th
40、e details of the site. 2. Access to the site is not only a requirement for the owner but it is also an important issue for the builder. 3. Zoning will vary from area to area and controls what the land may be used for. 4. The presence of existing buildings, trees, vegetation, fences or any special fe
41、atures must be described in a site investigation. 5. If new fences are to be erected, the cost of removing the old ones must be accounted for. B. Translate the following paragraph(s) into Chinese 现场评估是建筑施工规划阶段的一部分。评估获得的信息不仅建筑商需要，任何在项目工作的建筑师或工程师都需要。现场施工开始，以下事项必须充分了解： 1）位置，包括土地使用权、功能分区、地役权和限定事项； 2)现场描
42、述，包括边界、尺寸、斜坡 /梯度、通道、现有特征和植被； 3）现场分析中提到的重要特征； 4）可提供的设施也必须考虑，如电、水、污水管、气、电话等，哪些设施已经有了，连接这些设施需要多少费用？哪些设施是没有的？ 5）土质勘测是复杂的，应该由土壤工程师来完成。土质勘测不仅要考虑土质的构成，还要考虑那些影响基础含水量的 因素。 Reference Translation of Section B 现场施工准备概述 10 任何建筑在施工开始前都有一系列工作要做，这被称之为 工程前期准备 。此阶段包括计划、融资和获得建造许可，以及进行场地勘测和现场施工准备。 现场勘测： 现场勘测要求查明那些影响设计和
43、拟建工程施工的因素。勘测分为两类：地上勘测和地下勘测。地上勘测包括施工现场勘测，例如障碍物、已有的建筑物和地形地貌；周边环境勘测，如邻里的房产；现场附近条件的调查，如提供设施和人力最近的城镇。地下勘测包括土壤勘测以确定土壤的强度，探明土质的 成因，地下矿产和有害物质。它也要勘测地下现有的设施，如水管、下水道、电缆、电话线和地下气体管道。勘测的目的就是要达到更好的设计、更经济的前期施工准备和制订更好的施工方法。 现场施工准备： 在施工开始前，现场施工的准备工作要完成。通常涉及到现场清理和现场布置。现场清理包括 拆除现有建筑物 、 移栽树木及灌木 、 铲除表层土 以及 改道现有设施。 现场布置必须
44、考虑出入现场的通道，材料的堆放设施，车间或模板、钢筋的加工场地，机械设备如塔式起重机（塔吊）和混凝土搅拌站的位置，现场行政办公室，劳保和卫生设施如为员工提供临时住房、食堂、 厕所 /浴室，安全保卫以防止材料被盗和公众受到伤害，临时服务设施如供电、供水和电话。 Reference Translation of Part Two 现场分析 现场施工开始前，你必须要熟悉现场的所有细节。你必须分析现场的位置、限制及其特征。 下列事项应包括在施工现场分析中。做成列表，确保你不会遗漏这些对你有用的项目： 位置 现场位置包括现场所处的城镇、街道和地块编号，以供今后参考。 所有权调查 可以对地块所有权进行调查以确认所指地块的准确尺寸、形状及位置。向当地的土地所有权办公室申请，提供物主的名字和地址 获取规划图编号，然后通过办公室的微电影查看或花点钱买下规划图。 土地功能划分
