1、1 The Anglo-Saxons (450-1100)Epics (A Long narrative poem presented in an elevated style, relating the heroic deeds of noble and semi divine personages)“Beowulf” the national epic the only surviving full-length epic in Old English, composed during the eighth century. The poem narrates the heroic dee
2、ds of Beowulf who kills the dragon Grendal and his mother, and later becomes the king of Geat. He dies in killing a dragon. Lyrics and RiddlesThe lyric presents a more personal and emotional form of poetry than the epic. The riddle, a form of poetry in which an object or person is described in a rat
3、her ambiguous manner. 2 The Medieval Period(1100-1500) 中世纪时期Folk ballads 民间歌谣 (Songs sung by the common people of England.)Romances 浪漫诗 (verse narrative that sings of knightly adventures, heroic deeds, chivalric love of the Middle Ages in Europe)Sir Gawain and the Green knight 高文爵士与绿衣骑士 (13601370, A
4、lliterative and metrical) Geoffrey Chaucer (1340?-1400, the founder of English poetry, the Father of English literature, heroic couplets)The Book of the Duchess 公爵夫人之书The House of Fame 声誉之宫Troylus and Criseyde 特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达The Legend of Good Women 贤妇传奇The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集（1387-1400, The 29 Pilg
5、rims(清教徒) 24 tales) 3 The Renaissance (1500-1650) 文艺复兴 (Humanism 人道主义 )I. The rise of the Renaissance under the early Tudor monarchs (1500-1558) 都铎王朝PoetryThe poetry of Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, they introduced the Italian sonnet to England. Elaborate Renaissance conventions of
6、love poetry were transplanted.The courtier poets 宫廷诗人The Earl of Essex 埃塞克斯伯爵, Sir Walter Raleigh 瓦尔特罗里爵士Sonnet 十四行诗Sir Philip Sydney 菲利普锡德尼Astrophel and Stella 爱星者与星Edmund Spencer 埃德蒙斯宾塞The Shepherds Calendar 牧人月历The Faeire Queene 仙后Amoretti 小爱神DramaNative drama continued to develop: Miracle and mo
7、rality plays. 奇迹剧和道德剧Interlude, a short play designed to be presented between courses of a banquet, one of the important ancestors of Elizabethan drama. II. The height of the Renaissance under Elizabeth I (1558-1603) 伊丽莎白一世The University Wits (大学才子派)a group of English poets and playwrights, Oxford o
8、r Cambridge The most important member of the group was Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗 马洛, whose powerful blank verse plays prepared the way for Shakespeare. ( unrhymed, ten syllables, alternating stresses, divide into five feet, iambic pentameter 五步抑扬格)Shakespeare (1564-1616)Shakespeares sonnetsThe Itali
9、an fashion of writing a series of sonnets to some real or imaginary mistress.The fashion is followed in England, such as Spencers Amoretti, Sidneys Astrophel and Stella, and Shakespeares sonnets.Altogether 154 sonnetsItalian sonnet (an eight-line octave+ six-line sestet abba abba cde cde)Spenserian
10、sonnet (8+1)Shakespearean sonnet (Three quatrains and a couple 四行体+对偶句 Iambic pentameter 五步抑扬格 Rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg)Shakespeares PlaysThe First Period (15901594)1590 Henry VI, Part II 亨利六世中篇 Henry VI, Part III 亨利六世下篇 1591 Henry VI, Part I 亨利六世上篇1592 Richard III 理查三世The Comedy of Errors 错误
11、的喜剧1593 Titus Andronicus 泰特斯安德洛尼克斯 The Taming of the Shrew 训悍记1594 The Two Gentlemen of Verona 维洛那二绅士Loves Labours Lost 爱的徒劳Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶The Second Period (15951600)1595 Richard II 理查二世 A Midsummer Nights Dream 仲夏夜之梦 1596 King John 约翰王 The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人 1597 Henry IV, Part I 亨利
12、四世上篇 Henry IV, Part II 亨利四世下篇 1598 Much Ado about Nothing 无事生非 Henry V 亨利五世The Merry Wives of Windsor 温莎的风流娘儿们 1599 Julius Caesar 裘力斯凯撒 As You Like It 皆大欢喜 1600 Twelfth Night 第十二夜 The Third Period (16011607)1601 Hamlet 哈姆莱特 1602 Troilus and Cressida 特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达 1603 Alls Well That Ends Well 终成眷属 1604
13、 Measure for Measure 一报还一报 Othello 奥瑟罗 1605 King Lear 李尔王 Macbeth 麦克白 1606 Antony and Cleopatra 安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉1607 Coriolanus 科利奥兰纳斯 Timon of Athens 雅典的泰门 The Fourth Period (16081612)1608 Pericles 泰尔亲王配瑞克里斯 1609 Cymbeline 辛白林 1610 The Winters Tale 冬天的故事1611 The Tempest 暴风雨1612 Henry VIII 亨利八世Shakespeare
14、s Verse (Shakespeares plays are mainly written in blank verse)Francis Bacon (1561-1626)1605 Advancement of Learning 学术的进展1620 Novum Organum 新工具1627 New Atlantics 新大西岛 1597,1612,1625 Essays 论说文集 (Bacons contribution: The founder of English materialistic philosophy, The first English essayist)(His ess
15、ays are: short, treated a variety of subjects of universal interest, and were written in epigrammatic, sharply honed style.)III. The Decline of the Renaissance under the Stuart Monarchs (1603-1649) 斯图亚特王室Metaphysical poets 玄学派strong or harsh lines, overriding regular meter, strained metaphors (or co
16、nceits), strange paradoxes, and far-fetched imageryJohn Donne 约翰多恩 (the leading metaphysical poet, The Flea)Cavalier Poets 保皇派A group of minor poets in the middle decades of the 17th century including chiefly Thomas Carew, John Suckling, Richard Lovelace, and Robert Herrick, all of whom were conside
17、red as belonging to the “Tribe of Ben”. Counsel to Girls (Robert Herrick)The Puritan PoetsJohn Milton (16081674 ) 约翰弥尔顿 Puritanism (清教主义)1629 “Morning of Christs Nativity” 圣诞晨歌 1632 “L Allegro” 欢乐的人 “Il Penseroso” 沉思的人 1644 Areopagitica 论出版自由 1651 Deference of the English People 为英国人民辨 1654 Second D
18、eference of the English People 再为英国人民辨 1667 Paradise Lost 失乐园 1671 Paradise Regained 复乐园 1671 Samson Agonistes 力士参孙4 The Age of Reason (1650-1780) Neo-ClassicismEnlightenment (they believed in the power of reason)The Age of Reason in England begins with the restoration (16601688). 王政复辟Neo-Classicism
19、 (A revival of interest in the old classical works during the Enlightenment Movement, A polite, urbane, witty and intellectual art are developed, Human beings are regarded as the primary subject of literature.)John Dryden (16311700) 约翰德莱顿“All for Love” 一切为了爱“Absalom and Achitophel” 押沙龙与阿齐托菲尔“A Song
20、for St. Ceilias Day, 1687” 圣西西莉亚日之歌“Alexanders Feast” 亚历山大的宴会“An Essay of Dramatic Poesy” 论戏剧诗John Dryden and the heroic couplet (Dryden used it so effectively that it became popular for the next three generations of the poets)Jonathan Swift (16671745) 乔纳森斯威夫特1697 The Battle of Books 书籍之战 1698 A Tal
21、e of a Tub 一个木桶的故事 1724 Drapiers Letters 布商的来信 1726 Gullivers Travels 格列佛游记 1729 A Modest Proposal 一个温和的建议 Joseph Addison and Richard Steele (Periodical literature in early 18th-century England)Richard Steele (16721729) “The Tatler”闲话报 (17091711)Joseph Addison (16721719) “The Spectator”旁观者报 (1711171
22、2) Alexander Pope (1688-1744)An Essay on Criticism 批评论 The Rape of the Lock 卷发遇劫记An Essay of Man 人论Moral Essays 道德论translations of the Illiad and the Odyssey 伊利亚特 奥德赛(all written in heroic couplet 英雄双韵体)Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)The True Born Englishman (1701) 真正的英国人 The Shortest Way with the Dissente
23、rs (1702)消灭不同教派的捷径 Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨孙漂流记Captain Singleton 辛格顿船长Moll Flanders 摩尔 弗兰德斯Roxana 罗克珊娜A Journal of the Plague Year 瘟疫年纪事Samuel Johnson (17091784) 塞缪尔约翰逊1738 “London” 1749 “The Vanity of Human Wishes” 1755 A Dictionary of the English Language 英语大辞典 17791781 Lives of the English Poets 英国诗人传
24、Sentimental novels 伤感小说Henry Fielding (17071754) 亨利菲尔丁 (Founder of the English realistic novel)1730 The Coffee-house Politician 咖啡屋政客 1734 Don Quixote in England 堂吉诃德在英国 1742 The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews 约瑟夫安德鲁 1743 The History of Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great 大伟人江奈生魏尔德伟 1749 The Hi
25、story of Tom Jones, A Foundling 汤姆琼斯 1751 Amelia 阿美利亚R. B. Sheridan (17511816) 谢里丹1775 The Rivals情敌 St. Patricks Day圣帕特里克日 1777 The School for Scandal造谣学校A Trip to Scarborough思卡波罗之行 Oliver Goldsmith (17301774) 奥利弗戈德史密斯1759 The Bee 蜜蜂 1760-1761 The Citizen of the World 世界公民 1766 The Vicar of Wakefiel
26、d: A Tale 威克菲尔牧师传 1770 The Deserted Village 荒村 1773 She Stoops to Conquer 屈身俯就 Pre-Romantic poetryThomas Gray (17161765)1742 Ode on the Spring 春天颂1747 Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College 伊顿颂歌 1750 Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 墓园挽歌 1757 The Progress of Poetry 诗歌的进程 5 The Romantics (178
27、0-1830) The Romantics I (Pre-Romanticism: William Blake and Robert Burns)William Blake (1757-1827) 威廉 布莱克1783 Poetical Sketches 素描诗集 1789 Songs of Innocence 天真之歌 1791 The French Revolution 法国革命 1793 The Marriage of Heaven and Hell 天堂与地狱的婚姻 1794 Songs of Experience 经验之歌Robert Burns (17591796) 罗伯特彭斯Po
28、ems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect (1786)“To a Mouse” “致老鼠” “To a Louse” “致虱子” “Scots Wha Hae” “苏格兰人” “My Hearts in the Highlands” “我的心呀在高原”“Auld Lang Syne” “过去的好时光” “A Red, Red Rose” “一朵红红的玫瑰” The Romantics II (The Lake Poets: Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey) William Wordsworth (1770-1850) 威廉华兹华斯1
29、789 Lyrical Ballads 抒怀歌谣集 1799 Lucy Poems 露西组诗 1870 “The Solitary Reaper” “孤独的刈麦女” 1807 “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” “我似孤独流云” 1850 The Prelude 序曲 “My Heart Leaps Up” “我的心跳了起来” “Tintern Abbey ” “丁登寺旁” Samuel T. Coleridge (1772-1834)1789 The Fall of the Bastille” “巴士底狱的倒塌” Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集 1798
30、 “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” “老水手谣” 1816 “Kulbla Khan”(1816) “忽必烈汗”1797-1800 Christabel 克丽斯特贝尔1827 Biographa Literaria 文学传记 The Romantics III (Shelly, Byron, and Keats)Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) 珀西比希雪莱1813 “Queen Mab” “麦布女王” 1819 “The Masque of Anarchy” “专制魔王的化妆舞会” “Ode to West Wind” “西风
31、颂” “Song to the Men of England ” “致英国人民” “England in 1819” “一八一九年的英国” “Prometheus Unbound” “解放了的普罗米修斯” 1820 “To a Skylark” “致云雀” 1821 “A Defense of Poetry” “诗辩 ”George G. Byron (1788-1824) 乔治戈登拜伦(The Byronic Hero: The revolutionary spirit, voice the rebellion against social customs.)Hours of Idlenes
32、s (1807)懒散时刻 Childe Harolds Pilgrimage (Canto I and II 1812; Canto III 1816; Canto IV, 1818)恰尔德哈罗德游记 Oriental Tales (1813-1816)东方叙事诗 Don Juan (1818-1823)唐璜 The Age of Bronze (1822)青铜时代 John Keats (1795-1821) 约翰济慈1818 “Endymion” “恩底弥翁” 1918 “Ode to a Nightingale” “夜莺颂 ” “Ode on a Grecian Urn” “希腊古瓮颂”
33、 “Ode to Autumn” “秋颂”“Ode on Melancholy” “忧郁颂” 1820 “Isabella; or the Pot of Basil” “伊莎贝拉” “La Belle Dame Sams Merci” “无情的美女” “Sonnet on Peace” “和平十四行诗” The Romantics IV (The Prose Writers)Jane Austen (1775-1817)1811 Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感 1813 Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见 1814 Mansfield Park 曼斯菲尔
34、德庄园 1816 Emma 爱玛 1818 Northanger Abbey 诺桑觉寺 Persuasion 劝导 Walter Scott (1771-1832)1802-1803 The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border 1805 The Lay of the Last Minstrel 末代歌者之歌 1810 The Lady of the Lake 湖上夫人 1814 Waverly 威弗利 1815 Guy Mannering 盖曼纳令 1817 Rob Roy 罗布罗伊 1819 Ivanhoe 艾凡赫 Charles Lamb (1775-184
35、3)Essays of Elia (1823;1833) 伊利亚随笔 Tales from Shakespeare (1807) 莎士比亚戏剧故事集 Specimens from English Dramatic Poets Contemporary with Shakespeare 莎士比亚时期英国戏剧诗人选 6 The Victorian Age (1837-1901) Critical RealismThe Victorian Age I Mid-Nineteenth Century Literature(Realism as a literary movement refers to
36、the approach of realist fiction occurred at the later part of the 19th century. real, objectivity) Charles Dickens (1812-1870)1836 Sketches by Box博兹特写集 1836-1837 The Pickwick Papers 匹克威克外传 1837-1838 Oliver Twist雾都孤儿 1838-1839 Nicholas Nickleby尼古拉斯尼克贝尔 1840-1841 The Old Curiosity Shop 老古玩店 1841 Barna
37、by Rudge 巴纳比拉齐1842 American Notes 游美札记 1843-1845 Martin Chuzzlewit马丁朱速尔唯特 1843 A Christmsa Carol (a Christmas book) 圣诞欢歌 1844 The Chimes (a Christmas book)钟乐 1845 The Cricket on the Hearth (a Christmas book)炉边蟋蟀 1846-1848 Dombey and Son董贝父子1849-1850 David Copperfield 大卫科波菲尔 1852-1853 Bleak House荒凉山庄
38、 1854 Hard Times艰难时世 1855-1857 Little Dorrit小杜丽 1859 A Tale of Two Cities双城记 1860-1861 Great Expectations远大前程 1864-1865 Our Mutual Friend我们的共同朋友 1870 Edwin Drood (unfinished) William M. Thackeray (1811-63) 萨克莱1847 The Book of Snobs (1847)势利人脸谱 1847-1848 Vanity Fair 名利场 1848-1850 Pendennis 潘丹尼斯 1850
39、The History of Pendennis 潘丹尼斯的历史 1852 The History of Henry Esmond 亨利埃斯蒙德 1853-1855 The Newcomers 纽克姆一家 1857-1859 The Virginians 弗吉尼亚人 1860 Lovel the Widower 鳏夫洛弗尔 1861-1862 Adventures of Philip 菲利普历险记Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855) 夏洛蒂勃朗特1847 Jane Eyre 简爱 1849 Shirley 谢利 1853 Vilette 维莱特 1857 The Profe
40、ssor 教授 Emily Bronte (1818-1848) 艾米丽勃朗特1847 Wuthering Heights 呼啸山庄 George Eliot (1819-1880) 乔治艾略特1859 Adam Bede 亚当 比德 1860 The Mill on the Floss 弗洛斯河上的磨坊 1861 Silas Marner 织工马南 1863 Romola 罗莫拉 1871-1872 Middlemarch 米德尔马奇 Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892) 丁尼生“The Lotos-Eaters” “Ulysses” “Break, Break, Brea
41、k” “The Princess” (1847)“In Memoriam” (1850)“Maud” (1855)“Idylls of the King” (1859-85)“Merlin and the Gleam” (1889)Crossing the Bar (1889)Robert Browning (1812-1889)“Bells and Pomegranates”(1841-6)“Pippa Passes” (Part 1)“Dramatic Lyrics”(Part 3)“Dramatic Romances and Lyrics”(Part 7)“Christmas-Eve a
42、nd Easter-Day”(1850)“Men and Women”(1855)“Dramatic Personae” (1864)“The Ring and the Book” (1868-9)Elizabeth Barrett (Mrs. Browning 1806-1861)“The Cry of the Children” Sonnets from the Portuguese (1850) The Victorian Age II Late-Nineteenth Century LiteratureThomas Hardy (1840-1928)I. Romances and Fa
43、ntasies1873 A Pair of Blue Eyes 一双湛蓝的眼1880 The Trumpet Major 司号长1882 Two on a Tower 塔中恋人1891 A Group of Noble Dames 一群贵妇人1892-7 The Well-Beloved 意中人II. Novels of Ingenuity1871 Desperate Remedies 非常手段1876 The Hand of Ethelberta 埃塞贝妲的婚事1881 A Laodicean 冷漠的人1913 A Changed Man, The Waiting Supper and Ot
44、her Tales III. Novels of Character and Environment1871 Under the Greenwood Tree 绿荫下1874 Far from the Madding Crowd 远离尘嚣1878 The Return of the Native 还乡1886 The Mayor of Casterbridge 卡斯特桥市长1887 The Woodlanders 丛林人1891 Tess of the dUrbervilles 德伯家的苔丝1896 Jude the Obscure 无名的裘德George Meredith (1828-190
45、9) 乔治梅瑞狄斯1859 The Ordeal of Richard Reverel 理查弗维莱尔的苦难1864 Sandra Bellioni 1866 Vittoria 维多利亚1871 Beauchamps Career 包尚的事业1879 The Egoist 利己主义者1885 Diana of the Crossway 克劳斯威的黛安娜1891 One of our Conquerors The NaturalistsGeorge Gissing (1857-1903) 乔治 吉辛1880 Workers in the Dawn 1884 Unclassed 1886 Isabe
46、l Clarendon 1886 Demos. A Story of English Socialism 1889 The Nether World 1891 New Grub Street 新寒士街Neo-RomanticismRobert L. Stevenson (1850-1894)1878 An Inland Voyage 内河航程1879 Travel with a Donkey in the Cevennes 骑驴漫游记1882 New Arabian Nights 新天方夜谭1883 Treasure Island 金银岛1886 The Strange Case of Dr.
47、 Jekyll and Mr. Hyde 化身博士1886 Kidnapped 诱拐1893 Catriona 1888 The Black Arrow 黑箭1889 The Master of Ballantrae 巴伦特雷少爷1882 Familiar Studies of Men and Books 1887 Memories and Portraits 回忆与肖像Apologists of Imperialism and ColonialismRudyard J. Kipling (1865-1936)Poetry1892 Barracks-Room Ballads 1896 The Seven Seas 1903 The Five NationsStories for Children1894 The Jungle Book 1895 The Second Jungle Book 1902 Just So Stories Collection of stories1889 Soldiers Three 1891 Lifes Handcaps 1893 Many InventionsNovels 1897 Captain Courageous1901 Kim 7 Tw
