1、专题五 动词时态和语态常考点在高考英语中，动词的时态和语态是重中之重，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息” ，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。时态 主动语态形式 被动语态形式一般现在时 am/is/are/do/does am/is/are done一般过去时 was/were/did was/were done现在完成时 has/have done has/have been done现在完成进行时 has/have been doing /现在进行时 am/is/are doin
2、g am/is/are being done过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done过去完成时 had done had been done将来完成时 will/shall have done will /shall have been done一般将来时will /shall doam/is/are going to doam/is/are coming/leavingam/is/are to doam/is/are about to dowill /shall be doneam/is/are to be done过去将来时would dowas g
3、oing to dowas coming/leavingwas to dowas about to dowould be donewas/were to be done将来进行时 will /shall be doing /一般现在时 1一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理；表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来；表示预计或规定；方位副词或介词短语放在句首，主语是名词，且全部倒装时，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作；还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。用所给词的适当形式填空：Ill go there after I _(finish) m
4、y work.The water will be further polluted unless some measures _(take)My train _(leave) at 6：30.A snow _(expect) to come next week.On the wall _(hang) a picture.This kind of cloth _(wash) well.Dont take it away. It _(belong) to me.He said water_(boil) at 100 .【答案】finish are taken leaves is expected
5、hangs washes belongs boils一般过去时和现在完成时 2一般过去时(标志词：yesterday，just now，last year，the other day 等)表示动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。现在完成时(标志词：since，in the past/last years，just，recent(ly)，lately，so farup to nowup until nowby now，already ，yet，several/many/.times)则强调的是对现在的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。请区别下列几组句子：He has lived in Lond
6、on for three years.(现在还住在伦敦)He lived in London for three years.(现在不在伦敦了)Its two years since he smoked.(他不抽烟已两年了)Its two years since he began to smoke.(他抽烟已有两年了)This is the first/second/.time (that) I have_visited the school.This was the first/second/.time I had_visited the school. He was writing a b
7、ook last year.(去年他在写一本书)He wrote a book last year.(去年他写了一本书)I thought he was an American.(我原以为他是美国人)I think he is an American.(我想他是美国人 )用所给词的适当形式填空：I havent seen you for ages. Havent you graduated from college?Yes. I_(study) English for four years in Nanjing University.Where _ you_(put) my book? I c
8、ant find it anywhere.Although he has lived with us for years，he _(not leave) us much impression.My brother is an actor. He _(appear) in several films in the past few years.Li Pin may not come tonight.But he _(promise)【答案】studied have； put hasnt left has appeared promised过去完成时和将来完成时 3过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去
9、，而另一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)。常用的时间状语有：by then，by that time，by the end of，before 2000，by the time，hardly/scarcely/rarely.when.和 no sooner.than.注表示原打算做但未做的几种表达：I had hoped/expected/meant/intended/. to do.，but.I hoped/expected/. to have done.，but.I would like/love to have done.，but.I was to have done.，but.
10、I was going to do.，but.I would have done.，but.I was coming/leaving/arriving/., but.将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为“by将来的某个时间” 。如：They will have completed the project by the end of next year.用所给词的适当形式填空：Helen _(leave) her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _(come) home.I _(hope)
11、 to meet Mr. Thompson this morning， but I found nobody left in the room.By the time he _(return) home，the work had been finished.By the time he returns home，the work _(finish) We plan to reach the North Pole in midJuly，and by then we _(walk) for six weeks.【答案】had left；came had hoped returned; will h
12、ave been finished will have walked现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成进行时和将来进行时 4现在进行时表示现在正在进行的情况，计划、安排要做的事，还可以表示反复出现的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与 always， continually，constantly 连用；过去进行时表示过去某一刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作，还可以表示过去的将来动作；现在完成进行时表示动作的未完成性和暂时性，还可以表示感情色彩；将来进行时表示将来某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作。用所给词的适当形式填空：Have you moved into the new house?Not
13、yet. The rooms _(paint)My father _(fall) while he _(ride) his bicycle and _(hurt) himself.Why are her eyes red?She _(cry)He _(fly) over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow.You _ always _(watch) TV. Why not do something more active?Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?No，but we _(
14、try) to get in touch with them ever since.【答案】are being painted fell ；was riding；hurt has been crying will be flying are ； watching have been trying一般将来时 5注意区别 will do，be going to do，be about to do，be doing，be to do：will do 表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势，此外，还表示临时决定；be going to do 表示计划、打算要做某事，还表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断；be a
15、bout to do 表示立即的将来，因此，不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用；有些动词如 come，go，arrive，leave ，begin 等，其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划或安排将来要发生的动作或状态；be to do 表示按计划或安排要做的事，意为“应该；想，打算；注定会” 。用所给词的适当形式填空：Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your safety belt. The plane_(take) off.Look at the timetable. Flight 4026 _(take) off at 18：20.If you _(su
16、cceed)，you should work hard.Look at the dark clouds. It _(rain) The light is still on.Sorry. I _(go) and turn it off.【答案】is taking takes are to succeed is going to rain will goget过去分词 6“get过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。用所给词的适当形式填空：The patient _(treat) once a week.He fell off the building and _(kill)【答案】gets
17、treated/is treated got killed/was killed主动形式表示被动意义 7需用主动形式表示被动意义的情况：当系动词 feel，look，smell，taste ，sound，prove，remain，stay 等后面接形容词时；当 cut，read，sell，wear，write 等词有状语 easily，well 等修饰时；measure，weigh，add up to 后接数字时；在“be形容词to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动意义。如：The problem is easy to solve.need，want，require
18、，deserve 后接动名词主动形式，相当于 to be done。如：The watch needs repairing.He deserves praising.be worth 后接动名词主动形式表示被动意义。如：The book is well worth buying.固定短语 be to blame，be to let。The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.A. was felt B. was to feelC. felt D. was to be feltI feel it is you
19、r husband who _ for the spoiled child.A. is to blameB. is going to blameC. is to be blamedD. should blameDoctors and medical supplies _ to the scene of the accident soon after the coal mine explosion.A. had rushed B. were rushedC. were rushing D. rushedThe moment the 28th Olympic Games _ open，the wh
20、ole world cheered.A. declaredB. have been declaredC. have declaredD. were declaredWhy did you leave that position?I_ a better position at IBM.A. offer B. offeredC. am offered D. was offeredHow are the team playing?They are playing well，but one of them _ hurt.A. got B. getsC. were D. isI want to buy
21、that kind of cloth because I _ the cloth _ well.A. have told；washesB. have been told；washesC. was told；was washedD. have been told；is washed【答案】C A B D D A B感官动词和使役动词的被动语态 8感官动词和使役动词的宾补是动词原形，改成被动语态时要加 to。将下列句子改为被动语态：I saw him fall down.He was seen_I made him wash the dishes.He was made_【答案】to fall d
22、own to wash the dishes“据说/据报道/ ”的表达 9Somebody is(was)said/reported/believed/thought/known to.意为“据说/据报道/大家认为/众所周之/人们认为” 。此时，动词不定式有三种形式，即 to do, to be doing 和 to have done。到底用哪种形式，可用下面的方法来辨别：把不定式的动作发生的时间和谓语的动作发生的时间相比较：动词不定式动作先于谓语动作发生：用 to have done；动词不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生：用 to be doing；动词不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后或同为经常性
23、：用 to do。The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yesterday. A. being robbed B. having been robbedC. to have been robbed D. robbedWang Ming is said _ abroad, but I am not sure which country it was. A. to study B. to have studiedC. to be studying D. to have been studyingLinda i
24、s thought _ in Africa, but I really dont know what country shes working in.A. to have worked B. to workC. to be working D. working 【答案】C B C不用被动语态的动词或动词短语 10appear，disappear，occur，benefit ，end，begin，happen，last，spread，break out，take place， belong to，come about，suffer from 等。用所给词的适当形式填空： The place ca
25、ught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _(remain) now. The medicine _(prove) vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain. 【答案】remains has proved1. (2014湖南卷 )Whenever you _ a present, you should think about it from the receivers point of view.A. boughtB. have
26、 boughtC. will buyD. buy2. (2014江西卷)Tony, why are your eyes red?I _ up peppers for the last five minutes.A. cut B. was cuttingC. had cut D. have been cutting3. (2014江苏卷)How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?Well, the media _ it in a variety of forms.A. cover B. wil
27、l coverC. have covered D. covered4. (2014重庆卷)James has just arrived, but I didnt know he _ until yesterday.A. will come B. was comingC. had come D. came5. (2014重庆卷)Youd better write down her phone number before you _ it.A. forget B. are forgettingC. forgot D. will forget6. (2013浙江卷)During the last t
28、hree decades，the number of people participating in physical fitness programmes _ sharply.A. was increasingB. has increasedC. had increasedD. will be increasing7. (2013江苏卷)Could I use your car tomorrow morning?Sure. I _ a report at home.A. will be writingB. will have writtenC. have writtenD. have bee
29、n writing8. (2013山东卷)I didnt think Id like the movie，but actually it _ pretty good.A. has been B. wasC. had been D. would be9. (2013江西卷)I _ to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel.A. come B. cameC. am coming D. was coming10. (2012江苏卷)The manager is said to have arrived back from Pa
30、ris where he _ some European business partners.A. would meet B. is meetingC. meets D. had met【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. B9. D 10. D1. Unfortunately，when I got to her flat，she _，so we had only time for a few words.A. just leftB. had just leftC. has just leftD. was just leaving2. Kate_
31、on her new novel，which is supposed to come out next month.A. has been workingB. had workedC. will be workingD. was working3. Profits in his company went up by 25% last year，and _ so far this year though the financial situation is bad.A. havent decreasedB. didnt decreaseC. havent been decreasedD. wer
32、ent decreased4. Jeff，you look so excited today.Sure I am，I _ a good job in a big company，you know.A. offeredB. will offerC. have been offeredD. was offered5. Are you about to have dinner?Yes， it _ in the diningroom.A. is serving B. servesC. is being served D. is served6. I ran into the back of a tru
33、ck yesterday and damaged my car badly.I suppose you _ too fast.A. had driven B. droveC. have driven D. were driving7. If a computer crashes，you will lose the file you _on if you dont save it early enough.A. are working B. workC. will work D. worked8. I dont understand why you _ your mind constantly！
34、We havent been able to decide where to spend our holiday，you know?A. change B. will changeC. are changing D. have changed9. Ring me at 5：00 am.? No better not so early！I _I got it.A. will sleepB. sleepC. am sleepingD. will be sleeping10. Ill come to see your performance at 9：00 tomorrow evening.Im s
35、orry，but by then my performance _ and I _ reporters in the meeting room.A. will end；will meetB. will have ended；will be meetingC. will be ended；am going to meetD. is to end；will meet11. Miss Li _ as a secretary for five years in the company，and now she is general manager of it.A. serves B. servedC.
36、had served D. has served12. We all had a lot of fun at the barbecue yesterday. Pity you werent there.I really should have gone with you but I _ on some remaining problems.A. was workingB. would workC. workedD. would have worked13. Listen，someone is knocking at the door.Yes. _ answer it.A. I was goin
37、g toB. IllC. I plan toD. I am to14. Isnt it amazing that I met Francis at the Christmas party?Really？For how many years _ each other?A. didnt you seeB. havent you seenC. hadnt you seenD. dont you see15. I _ to help you to do homework but I couldnt spare any time. I _ a composition last night and Ill
38、 finish it today.A. wanted；wroteB. had wanted；was writingC. have wanted；wroteD. wanted；have been writing16. Now the worlds attention _ the stocking markets，as they have great influence on the worlds economy.A. is fixing onB. is being fixed onC. had been fixed onD. has fixed on17. I thought you were
39、going to see your sister last weekend.I _，but at the last minute she called me to say that she had to deal with something urgent.A. was to haveB. was going to haveC. would like toD. would18. In this experiment，they are woken up several times during the night，and asked to report what they _A. had jus
40、t been dreamingB. are just dreamingC. have just been dreamingD. had just dreamt19. Can you give me the right answer?Sorry，I _Would you repeat that question?A. hadnt listenedB. havent listenedC. dont listenD. wasnt listening20. It is certain that you were in a great hurry; you _ your jacket inside ou
41、t.A. woreB. had wornC. were wearingD. are wearing21. Food supplies in the floodstricken area _. We must act immediately before theres left.A. have run outB. are running outC. have been run outD. are being run out22. I wont tell the student the answer to the maths problem until he _ on it for more th
42、an an hour. A. will have workedB. had workedC. has been workingD. will have been working23. Jerry loves his new dog, doesnt he? Yes, he _ it out for a walk every day since he picked it up. A. takes B. tookC. has taken D. has been taking 24. Have you been to the United States? Yes, only once. I _ the
43、re only for seven days. A. have stayed B. was stayingC. stayed D. had stayed 25. Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?Sorry, I _ myself clear. We want to return on October 20. A. hadnt made B. wouldnt makeC. dont make D. havent made 26. Look at the pride on Toms face. He _ to have been praised by the manager just now.A. seemed B. seemsC. had seemed D. is seeming27. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns.A. promisedB. were promisedC. have promised
