1、中国是一个文化、语言、风俗和经济水平都很多样化的地方。 经济格局尤其多样化。大城市如北京，广州和上海是现代的，相对 富裕的。然而，约 50%的中国人仍然生活在农村地区，尽管中国只 有 10%的土地是可耕地(arable land)。数百万农村居民仍然依靠体 力劳动或役畜(draft animal)耕作。两三百万农民迁到城镇寻找工作。 一般来说，南部和东部沿海地区比内陆地区更富有，西部和北部， 以及西南部是非常不发达的地区。参考译文:China is a very diverse place with large variations in culture, language, customs
2、and economic levels. The economic landscape is particularly diverse. The major cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai are modem and comparatively wealthy. However, about 50% of Chinese still live in rural areas even though only 10% of Chinas land is arable. Hundreds of millions of rural resi
3、dents still farm with manual labour or draft animals. Some 200 to 300 million former peasants have23 migrated to townships and cities in search of work. Generally the southern and eastern coastal regions are wealthier while inland areas, the far west and north, and the southwest are much less develo
4、ped.上个月中国服务产业有了较快增长，这加快了国家经济增长。 根据北京国家统计局(Beijing-based National Bureau of Statistics)和中 国物流与采购联合会(China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing)的 数据，非制造业釆购经理人指数(the non-manufacturing Purchasing Managers“ Index) 二月份的时候从 54.5 上升到 55.6，而摩根斯坦利 亚太指数（the HSBC Holdings Pic and Markit Economics indexes)从 52
5、.1 上升到 54.3，达到 5月以来的最高水平。参考译文:The Chinese service industries grew at a faster pace last month which helped to accelerate the nations economy growth. According to the figures from Beijing-based National Bureau of Statistics and China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, the non-manufacturing Purch
6、asing Managers Index rose to 55.6 from 54.5 in February, while the HSBC Holdings Pic and Markit Economics indexes rose to from 52.1 to 54.3, its highest level since May.丝绸之路(the Silk Road)是历史上连接中国和地中海的一条重要 贸易路线。因为这条路上的丝绸贸易占绝大部分，所以在 1877 年它 被德国的一位地理学家命名为“丝绸之路” 。这条古道从长安开始， 经过河西走廊(the Hexi Corridor),到达
7、敦煌后分成三条：南部路线， 中部路线和北部路线。这三条路遍布新疆维吾尔自治区(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region)，然后扩展到巴基斯坦(Pakistan)，印度， 甚至罗马。参考译文:The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean. Because silk comprised a large proportion of trade along this road, in 1877, it was name
8、d the Silk Road by an eminent German geographer. This ancient road begins at Changan, then by way of the Hexi Corridor，and it reaches Dunhuang, where it divides into three, the Southern Route，Central Route and Northern Route. The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and
9、 then they extend as far as Pakistan, India and even Rome.个标准的四合院通常由一个位于中心的院子和四侧房屋构成。 门通常漆成红色，并有大的铜门环。通常情况下，全家人住在大院。 北端的正房由长辈居住, 年轻_ 代生活在两侧的房子, 朝南的房子里, 通常是家庭客厅或书房。参考译文:A standard siheyuan usually consists of houses on its four sides with a yard in the center. The gates are usually painted red and ha
10、ve large copper door rings. Usually，a whole family lives in compound. The elder generation lives in the main house standing at the north end, the younger generations live in the side houses, and the south house is usually the family sitting room or study.秦始皇陵墓(the Mausoleum of the Emperor Qin Shihua
11、ng)坐落在 陕西省西安市临潼区以东 5公里的骊山北部，是中国历史上第一个 皇帝的最终休眠之地。它于公元前 246 年开始建造,工程持续了 38 年。 它占地面积 56.25 平方公里，是中国历史上最大的陵墓。参考译文:The Mausoleum of the Emperor Qin Shihuang, located at the northern foot of the Lishan Mountain five kilometers east of Lintong District, Xian City, Shanxi Province, is the final resting plac
12、e of the first emperor in the history of China. Its construction lasted for 38 years, commencing in 246BC. With an area of 56.25 square kilometers, its the largest mausoleum in Chinas history.景德镇，中国瓷都(ceramic metropolis)，是世界瓷器艺术花园的 耀眼明珠。它位于长江南部，是江南一个有活力的城镇。它制造瓷 器(porcelain)的历史已经有 1700 多年，已经形成了丰富的瓷器文
13、化。 稀有的瓷器文物，一流的瓷器工艺，瓷乐器的优雅表演，以及优美 的田园风光组成了景德镇特别的旅游文化，而且让景德镇成为中国 唯一一个以瓷器旅游文化为特色的旅游城市。参考译文:Jingdezhen known as the ceramic metropolis of china is a brilliant pearl in the worlds art garden of ceramics. It is located on the south of the Yangtze River as a powerful tTown on the south of the Yangtze River
14、. It has a porcelain making history of over 1700 years，which has been crystallized into its rich cultural tradition of ceramics. Rare ceramic relics, superb ceramic craftsmanship，unique ceramic customs, graceful performance of ceramic musical instruments and beautiful rural scenery make up the pecul
15、iar tourist culture of Jingdezhen and hence make Jingdezhen the only Chinese tourist city featuring ceramic culture.说到筷子(chopsticks)的起源，中国是世界上第一个使用筷子的 国家，用筷子吃饭已经有至少 3000 年的历史了。筷子看起来很简单， 只有两根小细棒，但它有很多功能，比如挑选，移动，夹，搅拌或 者挖。此外，它便于使用，价格便宜。而且筷子也是世界上独有的 餐具(tableware)。使用複子的人，无论是中国人还是外国人，都无 不钦佩筷子的发明者。参考译文: As
16、 the origin of chopsticks, China is the first country in the world to use chopsticks and has a history of at least 3,000 years to have meals with chopsticks. Chopsticks seems quite simple with only two small and thin sticks, but it is in possession of many functions, such as picking, moving, nipping
17、, mixing and digging; moreover，it is convenient for use and cheap in price. Besides, chopsticks are also unique tableware in the world. Anyone using chopsticks，no matter Chinese or foreigners, would without exception admire the inventor of chopsticks.2008 全球经济衰退导致中国的新毕业生的就业市场显著下降。 2009 年毕业的学生将加入到 20
18、08 年毕业仍在找工作的 300 万学生 之中。毕业生过剩(glut)也可以归因于大学入学率的提高和教育机构 的增加。虽然大学的学生人数增加了，但是他们的质量并没有明显 地提高。在大多数情况下，毕业生无法在 2008 年找到合适的就业机 会是因为他们没有行业所需的技能。参考译文:The 2008 global recession resulted in a significant drop in the job market for Chinas new graduates. Students graduating in 2009 will join around three million
19、students who graduated in 2008 and are still seeking job opportunities. The graduate glut can also be attributed to a rise in the number of college enrollments and educational institutions. Although the number of college students has increased, there has not been any significant improvement in their
20、 quality. In most cases, graduates were unable to find suitable employment in 2008 because they did not have the skills required by the industry.对于世界上很多国家来说，中国正迅速成为他们最重要的双边 (bilateral)贸易伙伴。然而，中国和世界其他国家之间贸易不平衡的 问题已经引发了关注。尤其是美国对中国的贸易赤字是最大的，达 到了 3150 亿美元，这个数字是十年前的三倍还多。贸易纠纷(trade dispute)也越来越多，主要是关于倾销(d
21、umping)、知识产权和人民 币的估价。参考译文:For many countries around the world, China is rapidly becoming their most important bilateral trade partner. However，there have been concerns over large trade imbalances between China and the rest of the world. The US in particular has the largest trade deficit in the world
22、 with China at $315 billion, more than three times what it was a decade ago. There have also been a growing number of trade disputes brought against, mainly for dumping, intellectual property and the valuation of the yuan. 中国人民依法享受超过 115 天的假期，其中包括 104 天的周 末和 11 天的节假日。中国一年中有 7 个法定假日，包括元旦 (New Years D
23、ay),春节（Spring Festival),清明节（Qingming Festival), 五一劳动节(May Day)，端午节(Dragon Boat Festival),中秋节(Mid- Autumn Day)和国庆节(National Day)。员工有 5 至 15 天的带薪年假。学生和老师有大约三个月的寒暑假。在中国，暑假_般约在 7 月 1 日开始，8 月 31 日左右结束，寒假是根据春节的日期，通常是在 1 月或 2 月参考译文:Chinese people legally enjoy over 115 days off including 104 days of weeken
24、ds and 11 days of festivals. China has seven legal holidays in a year，including New Years Day, Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, May Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Day and National Day. Employees have 5 to 15 days of paid annual leave. Students and teachers have summer and winter vacations
25、for about three months. The summer vacation in China generally starts around July 1st and ends around August 31st，and the winter vacation usually falls on January or February according to the date of the Spring Festival.中国扇子的历史可以追溯到 3000 多年前的商朝(the Shang Dynasty)。第一种扇子叫作“扇汗” （Shanhan),是拴在马车上用来 挡住强烈的
26、阳光，给乘客遮雨的。 “扇汗”有点像现在的雨伞。后来 “扇汗”变成了由薄但是结实的丝绸或者鸟的羽毛做成的长柄扇，称 为中山扇（Zhangshan fan),它主要用于皇帝的仪仗(honour guard)装 饰。参考译文:The history of Chinese fan can be dated to over 3,000 years ago，around the Shang Dynasty. The first type of fan, known as Shanhan, was tied to a horse-drawn carriage to shut out the strong
27、sunshine and shelter the passengers from the rainfall. The Shanhan was a bit like todays umbrella. Later this Shanhan became a long-handled fan made of thin and tough silk or birds5 feathers, called a Zhangshan fan, which was mainly used by the emperors honour guard as decoration.中国是茶的故乡。据说早在五六千年前，中
28、国就有了茶树(tea- shrub),而且有关茶树的人类文明可以追溯到两千年前。来自中国的 茶和丝绸、瓷器(porcelain) 样，在 1000 年前为世界所知，而且一 直是中国重要的出口产品。目前世界上 40 多个国家种植茶，其中亚 洲国家的产量占世界总产量的 90%。其他国家的茶树都直接或间接 地起源于中国。参考译文:China is the homeland of tea. It is believed that China has tea- shrubs as early as five to six thousand years ago，and human cultivation
29、of teaplants can date back two thousand years. Tea from China，along with her silk and porcelain, began to be known the world over more than a thousand years ago and has since always been an important Chinese export. At present more than forty countries in the world grow tea with Asian countries prod
30、ucing 90% of the worlds total output. All tea trees in other countries have their origin directly or indirectly in China.信用卡(credit card)是银行所创造出来的最便捷同时也是最危险 的信用工具。通过信用卡，人们可以先用银行付账的方式购买那些 负担不起的物品，同时，银行也将对此征收比 _般贷款要高的利率 (interest rate)。遗憾的是，信用卡现巳成为资本主义体制(capitalist system)的重要组成部分，而该体制就得依赖消费(consumptio
31、n)的持 续增长。 参考译文:Credit cards are one of the most convenient devices ever cre ated by the banking system but, at the same time, one of the most dangerous. They allow people to buy things they，otherwise, couldnt afford， with money created by the banks and, charged out at much higher interest rates than
32、 normal loans. Unfortunately, credit cards have become an essential part of the capitalist system which only survives on the continued growth in consumption.都江堰中兴镇发生山体滑坡(landslide) 这是 2008 年四川地 震时受灾最严重的地方。山体滑坡覆盖了大约两平方公里，摧毁了 至少 11 所房子。到目前为止，已有 200 多名居民被疏散。山体滑 坡几个小时后，巡逻队员到达现场时，一切都已经是一片汪洋。目 击者描述石头和残骸（d
33、ebris)从山上滚下来，不到三分钟就把八座 房屋吞没了。参考译文:The landslide occurred in the town of Zhongxing is Dujiangyan one of the places badly hit by the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. The landslide, which covered about 2 sq km, damaged at least 11 homes. So far more than 200 residents have been evacuated. By the time patrol me
34、mbers arrived at the scene, a few hours after the landslide，everything was already a vast expanse of water. Eyewitnesses described stones and debris running down the hill and covering around eight homes in less than three minutes.国家体育总局(the General Administration of Sport)在一项调查中 发现，自 2010 年以来，20-39
35、岁的中国人体重增加更多 1.9 千克。 这个年龄段中超过 11%的人属于肥胖，这在三年的时间里就上涨了 两个百分点。参考译文:Chinas young adults are gaining more weight and exercising less than their elders. Chinese from ages 20 to 39 have put on more kilograms 1.9 kg than other adults since 2010，the General Administration of Sport found in a survey. More than
36、 11% from the age group were obese, up two percentage points in only three years.星期四这天，围观者们聚集在一起观看暴风的时候，台风“潭美” （Typhoon Trami)引发的60 英尺高的海水，在海宁市附近的海岸 突然落下。当时并没有立刻弄清楚人们伤势有多严重，也没有任何 死亡的报告。这场台风是由于浙江省东部的暴雨和时速 80 英里的风 引起的，它迫使 40 万人离开家园，造成了数百万美元的损失。参考译文:The 60-foot wall of water triggered by Typhoon Trami
37、crashed on the shore near the city of Haining，where onlookers gathered to watch the storm on Thursday. It was not immediately clear how bad the people were injured. There were no reports of any deaths. The typhoon which caused heavy rain and 80-mph winds along the eastern Zhejiang Province forced ov
38、er 400,000 people to be evacuated from their homes and caused millions of dollars of damage.秧歌是农历正月的主要的民族花市形式。在这种活动中，两人 都盛装打扮，轮流唱歌跳舞，其他人作为唱歌和跳舞的搭档。锣(gong) 鼓按照节奏敲打;唢呐（suona)或其他传统的弦乐器、木管乐器作为 背景音乐。参考译文:Yangge, which is one of the main forms of folk flower fair actions in the first month of the lunar ye
39、ar. In this activity, two people are dressed up, singing and dancing in antiphonal style, others act as singing and dancing partners. The gong and drum are beaten in rhythm; suona or other traditional stringed and woodwind instruments are dubbed in background music.根据全国老龄工作委员会(the China National Com
40、mittee On Aging)的数据来看，到 2053 年，中国 60 岁及以上的老人数量预计 会从目前的 1.85 亿一跃变为 4.87 亿，或者说是占总人口的 35%。扩 张的比例是由于寿命的增加和计划生育政策(family planning policies) 限制大部分城市家庭只生一个孩子。快速老龄化对社会和经济稳定 造成了严重威胁。参考译文:The number of people aged 60 and above in China is expected to jump from the current 185 million to 487 million, or 35 per
41、cent of the population, by 2053，according to figures from the China National Committee On Aging. The expanding ratio is due both an increase in life expectancy and by family planning policies that limit most urban families to a single child. Rapid aging poses serious threats to the countrys social a
42、nd economic stability.自从 1978 年经济改革以来，中国已经完成了从中央计划经济 (centrally planned economy)向市场经济(market based economy)的转变。超过 6 亿人已经脱离了贫困，但是仍然有超过1.7 亿人生活在 国际贫困线以下 天少于 1.25 美元。2012 年，中国的人均 GDP 为12405.67 美元，这是 30 年前的 37 倍。到 2018 年，中国的人均 GDP 将从世界第 90 位上升到第 75 位。然而，这仍然是低于预计的 世界平均水平。参考译文:Since initiating market refo
43、rms in 1978，China has shifted from a centrally planned to a market based economy. More than 600 million citizens have been lifted out of poverty, but over 170 million people still live below the $1.25-a-day international poverty line. In 2012, Chinas GDP (PPP) per capita was $12,405.67. This is 37 t
44、imes higher than what it was just 30 years ago. By 2018，Chinas GDP per capita will climb from the 90th to 75th highest in the world. This however will still be below the forecasted world average.洛阳是地处中原的河南省西部一个地级市(prefecture-level city)。 它东部舭邻省会郑州，南接南阳，西连三门峡(S_enxia)，北邻济源。 在唐代(the Tang Dynasty),洛阳是东
45、都(Dongdu)，东部首都，其人 口最多的时候有 100 万左右，仅次于当时世界上最大的城市 长安。 在短暂的五代(Five Dynasties)时期，洛阳是后梁(Later Liang)，后唐 (Later Tang)和后晋(Later Jin)的首都，后来。北宋(the North Song Dynasty)时期，洛阳是西部首都，也是宋朝的建立人赵匡胤的出生地。 参考译文:Luoyang is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province of Central China. It borders the provincial capi
46、tal of Zhengzhou to the east, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the west, and Jiyuan to the north. During the Tang Dynasty, Luoyang was Dongdu (东都),the “Eastern Capital and at its height had a population of around one million, second only to Chang，an，which, at the time，was the largest city in the w
47、orld. During the short-lived Five Dynasties, Luoyang was the capital of the Later Liang, Later Tang, and Later Jin. During the North Song Dynasty, Luoyang was the “Western Capital” and birthplace of Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of Song Dynasty.中国的保健食品（health food)市场首次出现于 20 世纪 80 年代。 保健食品是指具有特定保健功能或补充
48、维生素或矿物质的食品。保 健食品适用于特定人群消费，具有调节人体功能的效果，但不用于 治疗疾病的目的。保健食品有两种。一种是具有特定保健功能的食品， 另外一种是营养补充剂。参考译文:Chinas health food market first emerged in the 1980s. Health food refers to food products which claim to have specific health functions or supplement ones vitamins or minerals. Health food is suitable for the
49、consumption by specific groups of people and has the effect of regulating human body functions, but is not used for the purpose of treating diseases. There are two kinds of health food. One is food with specific health functions, the other is nutritional supplements.就像向中国出售商品的公司会看到收益有损失一样，中国经济 活动放缓有着世界性的影响。包括澳大利亚、巴西和东南亚在内的 其他国家近年来都看到了巨大的利润，因为中国对自然资源有需求。 中国的需求下降巳经对很多商品的价格有了影响。上周，中国财政 部长楼继伟表示,今年的经济增长可能为 7%,而这不一定是“底线” 。参考译文:A slowdown in economic activity in China has a global impact as companies that sell to China may se
