1、本科毕业论文(设计)外文翻译题目“十一五“时期嘉兴市社会保障事业发展问题研究学院商学院专业人力资源管理班级学号学生姓名指导教师外文题目ONSTATEPENSIONSANDSOCIALSECURITYSYSTEMS外文出处FORESIGHT,20091P4750外文作者IOANNISAKASKARELIS原文ONSTATEPENSIONSANDSOCIALSECURITYSYSTEMSTHESTATEPENSIONANDSOCIALSECURITYSYSTEMSININDUSTRIALCOUNTRIESHAVEFACEDSERIOUSPROBLEMSOFVIABILITYSINCETHE1980
2、SSEE,EGCREEDYANDDISNEY,1989MARCHANDANDPESTIEAU,1991ORRECENTLYBONGAARTS2004,DUETOVARIOUSREASONSSUCHASTHEDEMOGRAPHICAGEINGOFTHEPOPULATION,WHICHMEANSTHATEACHWORKERCORRESPONDSINMOREPENSIONERSANDTHEREFORETHEPAYROLLCONTRIBUTIONSBEARISENBYHISLABOURSEATANDRENDERUNTOTHESTATEFUND,THEYAREDISTRIBUTEDTOMOREELDER
3、STHECHANGEINLIVINGSTYLEANDSTANDARDS,THEEXTENSIONOFEDUCATIONANDTRAININGPERIOD,ANDTHEMASSENTRANCEOFWOMENINTHELABOURMARKET,WHICHTOGETHERACCOUNTFORTHEREDUCTIONANDTHEDELAYOFPROCREATIONALONGWITHTHEDELAYOFENTRYINLABOURMARKETTHEILLEGALIMMIGRATIONANDTHEAFTERWARDSLEGALIZATIONOFILLEGALIMMIGRANTSINCONTINUOUSFLO
4、W,WHICHINCREASESTHEPRODUCEDOUTPUTWITHOUTHOWEVERINCREASINGCONTRIBUTIONSFORSOCIALSECURITYANDPENSIONSINPROPORTIONALEXTENTANDASMUCHASTHEAUGMENTINGREQUIREMENTSONHEALTHSERVICESWORKERSANDTHERESTOFTHEECONOMYSAGENTSCLAIMHIGHERDISPOSABLEINCOMESLOWERTAXATIONANDLOWERCONTRIBUTIONSFORINSURANCEANDPENSIONSFROMAPIET
5、HATDOESNOTGROWENOUGHANDPROPORTIONALLYFORALLNOONEHOWEVERSELLSOUTHISRIGHTONPENSION,ANDHEFIGHTSAGAINSTTHEPROSPECTOFINCREASEATTHERETIREMENTCLAIMINGLIMITSOFAGEDESPITETHEINCREASEOFEXPECTEDYEARSOFLIVINGATBIRTHANDHEDOESNOTACCEPTANYOTHERUNFAVOURABLECHANGESTOTHERESTOFRETIREMENTREQUIREMENTSHENCETHECRISIS,THATN
6、OONEWANTSTOADMIT,ISATTHEMODELOFEMPLOYMENTANDPRODUCTION,INTHEDIVISIONOFLABOURANDEXTREMESPECIALIZATION,INTHEINCREASEOFEXCHANGESANDTHECONTINUOUSECONOMICGROWTHWORKATTHISMODELISNOTAJOYANDCREATIONWHOEVERENTERSINTHEJOBMARKET,HEENTERSINASYSTEMOFMEASUREMENTHEISCONTINUOUSLYBEINGCHECKEDUPFORHISPRESENCE,HISPROD
7、UCTIVITY,HISWAGE,HISPHYSIQUE,HISHEALTH,ANDHISCONSUMPTIONPREFERENCESALLTHESEDETERMINETHEPRODUCTIONOFOUTPUT,COMPETITIVENESS,EFFICIENCYANDTHEECONOMYSGROWTHWHOEVERENTERSTHELABOURMARKETNEVEREXITSEVENWHENUNEMPLOYEDUNLESSHEBECOMESFRINGE,DUETOHISWILLORBEHAVIOUR,ANDTHEREFOREHEISNOTTAKENUNDERCONSIDERATIONANYM
8、ORETHUSINTHEPRESENTMODEL,ALLADULTSEXISTONLYIFTHEYHAVEAROLEINTHEECONOMY,IEWORKER,TRADESMAN,ENTREPRENEURETCHENCERETIREMENTHOLDSASTHEFINALREDEMPTIONFROMTHEECONOMYANDTHELABOURMARKETFORTHEMAJORITYOFECONOMYSPARTICIPANTSANDFROMTHECONTINUOUSMEASUREMENTTHEOBVIOUSCRISISOFTHEPRESENTECONOMICMODELHASITSROUTESFRO
9、MTHEONESIDEATTHEFACTTHATTHISMODELHASEXHAUSTEDTHEEXPLOITATIONOFNATURALRESOURCESOFTHEPLANETANDHENCEFORTHITISNOWMOVINGINTHELIMITEDHORIZONPATTERNOFREALLOCATINGTHEEXISTINGWEALTHINFAVOUROFTHOSEWHOHAVETHEABILITYOFAPPROPRIATINGITFROMOTHERSANDFROMTHEOTHERSIDEATTHEFACTTHATWEARENOTANYMOREATTHEFRAMEOFCIVICDEMOC
10、RACYBUTINTHISSOUPOFMASSDEMOCRACYPROGRESSIVELYFROMTHEDECADEOF1970WHEREASASUPPLEMENTTOMODERNITYANYTHINGISFLUXANDSUBVERSIBLESEEKONDYLIS,1991WHENBISMARCKESTABLISHEDFORTHEFIRSTTIMETHESYSTEMOFISSUINGSTATEPENSIONSCLAIMEDATTHEAGEOF65INTHENEWLYESTABLISHEDGERMANSTATEWITHTHEOBVIOUSOBJECTIVETOSTIMULATETHESOLIDA
11、RITYBETWEENTHEGENERATIONSANDCONSEQUENTLYBETWEENTHECITIZENSOFHISCOUNTRY,THEYWEREVERYFEWTHOSEWHOWEREREACHINGATTHISAGETOENJOYTHEIRRETIREMENTBENEFITSSEEGLENDON,2004USUALLYTHEYWEREWORKINGFROMYOUNGAGE,ANDTHEYHADATTENDANCEINPRODUCTIONPROCESSANDININVENTIONSATWORKATTHATERATHENEWECONOMICMODELNEEDEDTHEBRAINOFW
12、ORKERSANDTHEREFOREITWASENCOURAGINGTHEM,STIMULATINGTHEIRMORALSANDMADETHEMFEELINGPARTNERSATWORKPLACETODAYEMPLOYEESUSUALLYENTERTOTHELABOURFORCEATTHEAGEOF2530,THEYHAVEFREQUENTUNEMPLOYMENTINTERVALS,RETIREATAROUND6065,THEYHAVEEXPECTEDYEARSOFLIVING7981,BUTTHEYAREDENYINGSTUBBORNLYTOACCEPTANYPROSPECTOFWORKIN
13、GAGEEXPANSIONWHYTHERIGHTINLIFEBECAMERIGHTINWORKANDRIGHTINPENSIONITBECAMEWHENPEOPLETHOROUGHLYACCEPTEDTHEROLEOFCOUNTEDUNITSINWORKFORCEANDTHATOFTHECONSUMER,SELLINGTHEREFOREOUTTHEIRRIGHTINCREATION,THINKINGANDPARTICIPATINGINTHEDECISIONMAKINGOFTHEIRSOCIETYTHEEUROPEANSTATES,DURINGTHELAST30YEARS,WEREINTERES
14、TEDMAINLYFORTHEPROBLEMOFPENSIONSANDLESSFORTHEPROBLEMOFINSURANCEANDMEDICOPHARMACEUTICALCARE,SINCETHESECONDCANBEDOWNGRADEDVIAUNDERFUNDINGOFTHENATIONALHEALTHSERVICESONTHECONTRARY,PENSIONSAREIMMEDIATELYCLAIMEDBYTHEBENEFICIARIES,ANDTHUSEUROPEANGOVERNMENTSTRIEDTOALLEVIATETHEBURDENOFTHERETIREMENTPROBLEMFIR
15、STTHEYTRIEDTODECREASETHEEXISTINGINEQUALITIESANDTHEUNFAIRNESSOFTHESTATEPENSIONSYSTEMHOWEVERKNOWINGTHATTHERISINGOFTHEAGELIMITSWASATHORNYPOLITICALQUESTION,SUBSTANTIALLYTHEYWEREMOVEDTOTHEREVALORIZATIONOFSTATEPENSIONSWHILEOTHERCOUNTRIESMOVEDTOABROADERCASHINADVANCESTATEPENSIONSYSTEMANDTHEYTRIEDTOENCOURAGE
16、THEIRCITIZENSTOUSEPRIVATEINSURANCEANDPENSIONASASUPPLEMENTARYOPTIONTHESEPOLICIESWEREACCOMPANIEDBYPOLICIESOFHALTINGILLEGALANDUNVERIFIABLEIMMIGRATIONRECOGNIZINGTHATITCREATESMOREPROBLEMSTHANTHOSEWHICHUNTIES,ASWELLASBYPOLICIESOFENCOURAGEMENTOFCHILDBEARINGANDSUPPORTTHEINSTITUTIONOFFAMILYHOWEVERIHAVETHEOPI
17、NIONTHATTHESEMEASURESHAVELIMITEDVALUEANDEFFECTIVENESSSINCETHEYARECOMPATIBLEWITHASOCIOECONOMICANDPOLITICALSYSTEMINCRISISINTHISPAPERIARGUETHATTHEMODELTHATEXISTSWHICHISINASWAMP,ITWILLSOMETIMESBEREPLACEDACCORDINGTOKUHN1970“PARADIGM”,THENEWMODELWILLNOTBEARISENFROMTHEREFORMOFTHEPRECEDENTITWILLHAVENEWASSUM
18、PTIONS,NEWSTRUCTURE,NEWLANGUAGEOFEXPRESSION,NEWSTATUSANDPROSPECTSLETSCONSIDERASFUNDAMENTALVALUESLIFE,THOUGHT,REASON,CREATION,CONTRIBUTIONANDSOLIDARITYLETSSAYTHATTHEEXISTINGMODELSVALUESSUCHASTHEDIVISIONOFLABOUR,SOVEREIGNTYOFDEPENDENTSALARYBASEDLABOUR,THECONTINUOUSINCREASEINEXCHANGESDUETOTHEDIVISIONOF
19、LABOUR,THESTIRRINGUPOFCONSUMERISMTHROUGHTHESUBCONSCIOUSCREATIONOFFALSENEEDSANDTHECONTINUOUSAND“SUSTAINABLE”ECONOMICGROWTHARENOTACCEPTABLEWHENTHEGOVERNMENTWILLBEINTERESTEDFORTHECITIZENANDNOTTHEEMPLOYEE,FROMTHEONEHANDITWILLNOTBEELIGIBLETOREQUESTPAYROLLCONTRIBUTIONSFROMTHEPARTICIPANTSOFTHELABOURMARKETA
20、NDONTHEOTHERHANDITWILLBECOMPELLEDTOPROVIDEHEALTHCARETOALLCITIZENSANDPENSIONSTOALLAGEDCITIZENSBEGINNINGATTHESAMEAGEFORALLANDBEINGEQUALFORALLTHISMEANSTHATLABOURSEATWILLNOTBEBURDENEDWITHSUCHCONTRIBUTIONSSINCEEMPLOYEEWOULDNOTBEANYMORETHEULTIMATEPROTOTYPEOFTHESOCIETY,BUTTHEPERSONTHATWORKSINORDERTOECONOMI
21、ZEHISLIVINGHECOULDMAKEHISOWNSAVINGSORHECANSEEKFORPRIVATEINSURANCEIFPROVIDEDSTATEPENSIONTOALLCITIZENSSEEMSNOTENOUGHFORHIMSUCHASYSTEMWOULDFACILITATECITIZENSTOENTERTOANDEXITFROMTHELABOURMARKETACCORDINGTOTHEIRNEEDSPROVIDEDTHATTHISSOCIALINSURANCEANDPENSIONSYSTEMDONOTFORCETHEMTOWORKCONTINUALLYINDEPENDENTO
22、FTHEIRECONOMICSITUATIONANDBEINGCOUNTEDASNUMBEROFPRODUCTIVITY,LABOURSEATETCABSTENTIONFROMTHELABOURMARKETWOULDNOTCONSTITUTEAUTOMATICPOLITICALANDSOCIALEXCLUSIONFROMTHESOCIALSERVICESANDPOLITICALANDECONOMICACTIVITIESTHENCITIZENSWOULDPARTICIPATEORWOULDNOTPARTICIPATETOTHELABOURMARKETDEPENDINGONTHEIRDISPOSA
23、LANDTHEIRNEEDS,ANDTHEYCOULDWORKINDIFFERENTWAYSASPRODUCER,ENTREPRENEUR,MERCHANT,EMPLOYEE,MANUALWORKEREACHTIMEWITHENSUREDHEALTHCAREANDSTATEPENSION,THEVALUESTHATPREVAILEDFROMTHESEVENTEENTHANDEIGHTEENTHCENTURIESWOULDLIKELYCOLLAPSEIFHOWEVERTHEMANIPULATINGOFSUBCONSCIOUSINDIVIDUALANDCOLLECTIVEFORTHECREATIO
24、NOFFALSENEEDSANDTHEGUIDANCEOFCONSUMERSLEADINGATTHEMAINTENANCEANDINCREASEOFCONSUMEREXPENSESWITHCONSECUTIVETHECONTINUOUSECONOMICGROWTHREMAINSTRONGANDVIVID,THENTHOSEWHOWOULDHAVEBEENBENEFITEDFROMSUCHACHANGEWOULDBETHOSEECONOMICAGENTSWHODICTATEANDINFLUENCETHEECONOMICACTIVITY,WHILETHEMAJORITYOFCITIZENSANDW
25、ORKERSWOULDFOUNDTHEMSELVESINEVENMOREAWKWARDPOSITIONLETUSTRYTOSPECIFYTHEFRAMEOFSUCHASYSTEMWHERETHESTATEUNDERTAKESTHEFULLCOVEROFMEDICOPHARMACEUTICALCAREOFALLCITIZENSANDISSUESSTATEPENSIONSFORALLCITIZENSOVERACERTAINAGEASITWASDISCUSSEDABOVE,THESTATEWILLHAVETHEBURDENOFTHENATIONALPENSIONWHICHCOULDNOTBEEASI
26、LYESTIMATEDANDCOULDVARYACCORDINGTOTHEECONOMICACTIVITYPOSSIBLYCONNECTEDWITHBUSINESSCYCLETHEREFOREITCOULDVARYACCORDINGTOTHENUMBEROFOLDPEOPLEWHOWOULDBEINTERESTEDINCLAIMINGITDUETOMONEYSTIGHTNESSLETSSPECIFYSOMEPARAMETERSOFNATIONALPENSIONNATIONALPENSIONISPAIDDOWNTOTHOSEWHOSEINCOMEISLESSTHANTHEDOUBLEOFITAN
27、DITISPAIDUPTOTHECOMPLETIONOFTHEDOUBLEOFTHENATIONALPENSIONTHEDETERMINATIONOFTHEHIGHOFTHENATIONALLETSSAYMONTHLYPENSIONCOULDBEDONEEITHERTHROUGHTHEESTIMATIONOFTHEFULLCOVEROFMEALSEXPENSESFORTHEWHOLEMONTHORTHROUGHTHEESTIMATIONOFMONTHLYHOUSERENTEXPENSESFORASINGLEPERSONHOWEVERINEITHERCASETHEGOVERNMENTINCOOP
28、ERATIONWITHTHESOCIETYNOTTHEHOMOECONOMICUSSOCIETYOFCOURSESHOULDBEREADYTOPROVIDESHELTEROREXTRAFOODTOTHOSEOFPENSIONERSWHONEEDTHEMTHERETIREMENTAGEEQUALFORALLINTHENATIONALPENSIONSYSTEMCANBEDETERMINEDASBEINGTHESAMETIMEINTERVALFROMTHELIFEEXPECTANCYAGEATBIRTHWITHTHEDURATIONOFTHEPERIODBEFOREADULTNESS,IEIFTHE
29、AGEOFADULTNESSHASBEENDETERMINEDASTHESIXTEENTHANDTHELIFEEXPECTANCEATBIRTHIS81THENTHISGENERATIONWILLTAKETHENATIONALPENSIONFROMTHEAGEOF658116FURTHERMOREIFSOMEPROFESSIONSARERESPONSIBLEFORINCREASEDMORTALITYRATESWITHFATALLABOURACCIDENTSEXCLUDEDFROMTHESECALCULATIONSAMONGTHOSEBEINGEMPLOYEDATTHOSEPROFESSIONS
30、,THENNATIONALPENSIONCOULDBEPAIDTOTHESEEMPLOYEESATTHERESPECTIVELOWERAGEACCORDINGTOTHEIRLIFEEXPECTANCYASITCONCERNSTHEFUNDINGOFTHENATIONALPENSIONSYSTEMINAPOSTCAPITALISTICSOCIETY,THISCOULDBEDIRECTEDTOSPECIFIEDANDTARGETEDINDIRECTTAXESINTRANSPORTATIONOFPRODUCTSSINCETHISISTHEHEARTOFCAPITALISMDIVISIONOFLABO
31、URANDEXCHANGEOFINTERMEDIARIESANDFINALPRODUCTSANDENERGYCONSUMPTIONSINCETHECONSUMPTIONOFEVERYTHING,IEATTHEVERYENDOFANYKINDOFENERGYANDSCARCERESOURCES,ISATTHEHEARTOFMASSDEMOCRACYSINCETHEDECADEOF1970SUMMINGUPTHECRISISOFSTATEPENSIONANDSOCIALSECURITYSYSTEMISINTERWOVENWITHTHECRISISOFTHEMODELOFPRODUCTION,LAB
32、OUR,ACCUMULATIONANDGROWTHWHETHERTHESOLUTIONWILLCOMETHROUGHTHEINVERSIONOFCURRENTVALUESMOVINGUPTOAHUMANISTICSYSTEMOFVALUESORFROMTHEIRMUTATIONINTHEHARDSYSTEMOFCOMPLETECONTROLVIAGLOBALISATION,ONLYTHEFUTURECANREVEALITTHATISTOSAY,THEFUTUREWILLREVEALWHETHERITWILLBETHERELEASEFROMTHEPRESENTSYSTEMOFVALUESANDW
33、ORKACCORDINGTOTHEFIRSTORTHEDETERIORATIONOFCONDITIONSOFLIVINGANDWORKINGACCORDINGTOTHESECONDWILLRESOLVEALSOTHEACTUARIALPROBLEMOFSTATEPENSIONANDSOCIALSECURITYSYSTEMSINTHEDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIES译文关于国家退休金和社会保障体系20世纪80年代,工业化国家的国家养老金和社会保障制度的可行性面临着严重问题(见,例如克里迪和迪斯尼,1989年,马尔尚和PESTIEAU,1991)或最近彭岗茨(2004),由于各种原因,例如在人
34、口老龄化的情况下,意味着每个工人对应更多的退休人员,因此每个劳动力就要承担更多的退休人员的养老基金的捐款,使这些基金能够分发到更多长者。生活水平和生活方式的改变,延长了教育和培训的时期,生育的减少和延迟等都和延迟进入劳动力市场成一定比例。大量的非法移民及事后合法化的移民增加了生产的输出,但是并没有增加社会保障和养老保险的比例,只是相应程度的增加了健康服务的要求。员工和其他经济代理人想从不够成熟的以及失调的机制中获取更高的可支配收入(更低的税款及更低的保险金和退休金支出)。然而,没有人愿意出卖自己拿退休金的权利,他反对提高退休年龄(尽管预期寿命在增加),也没有人会接受对他们不利的其它退休要求的改
35、变。因此,危机存在于雇佣和生产模式中,在于分工和极度专业化,在于交易增加和持续的经济增长中,尽管没人愿意承认。在这种模式下的工作不是快乐与创造。不管谁进入就业市场,他就等于进入了一个衡量体系。人们不断地考察他的出勤率,生产效率,工资,体质,健康状况以及消费参数。所有这些都决定了产品的产量,竞争力,效率,经济增长。进入劳动力市场的任何人都不再出来(即使他被解雇了),除非他因为自己的意愿和行为变得偏激,然后他便不再考虑范围内了。因此,在当前的模式中,只要成年人在经济中扮演着角色,即工人,商人,企业家等,他们便能生存。所以退休就成了人们从经济(和有大多数经济参与者的劳动力市场)及连续的测量中抽离的最
36、后救赎。我国现行的经济模式明显的危机已经从在该模型已经耗尽了地球自然资源的开发实际上一方的路线,从此它现在是在重新分配赞成有限的现有财富格局移动的地平线谁拥有那些盗用别人的IT能力,以及从在事实是,我们没有任何的公民民主帧以上,但在这种大规模的民主汤(从1970年逐步十年)在另一侧作为补充什么是走向现代通量和SUBVERSIBLE(见孔季利斯,1991)。当俾斯麦首次建立了国家养老金发放系统在65新成立的德国国家年龄要求(具有明显的目标,从而刺激了他的国家之间的公民之间的世代团结),他们很谁是少数人在这个年龄达到享受退休福利(见格伦登,2004)。通常,他们正在从青年时代,他们在生产过程和在工
37、作中发明出席会议。在那个时代的新经济模式所需要的工人,因此它是大脑和鼓励他们,激发他们的道德,使他们感到在工作场所的合作伙伴。今天,员工通常进入到劳动力年龄在25306065左右,他们经常失业的时间间隔,退休,他们预计7981年的生活,但他们顽固地拒绝接受任何合作的前景年龄扩展。为什么在生命权成为权的工作和养老金的权利它成为人们彻底接受了在劳动力计算单位的作用和消费者认为,出卖自己的权利,因此在创作,思想和他们的社会参与决策。由于保险和药物制造会因为国家医疗健康服务体系的不完善而退步,欧洲国家在过去的30年里更倾向于关注的养老金问题而较少关注保险和药物制造问题。相反的,养老金会很快的被受益者们
38、申请索要,因此欧洲各国政府试图减轻退休这一问题。首先,他们设法降低现有的不平等和不公平的国家养老金制度。但是,政府们知道上调年龄限度是一个棘手的政治问题。大体上,它们被转移到养老金的通货价值恢复,而其他国家将它们以先进的形式转移到一个更先进养老金制度。同时,政府试图鼓励市民使用私人保险和养老金作为补充选项。这些政策是伴随拖沓的违法以及无法认证的移民入境问题(考虑到这个比统一制造了更多的问题),以及通过鼓励并支持家庭建立。不过我认为,这些措施有一些有限的价值和效益,因为它们在危机中兼容了经济和政治制度在社会经济。本文的摘要认为,该存在的沼泽模型,有时候是会被替代的。根据库恩1970“范式”新模型
39、将不会进行改革的先例了。它将有新的假设、新的结构、新的语言表达、新的现状和前景。让我们认为是最基本的生活价值观、思想、理性、创作、贡献和团结。让我们这么说,现有价值观念的模型,如劳动分工、关于基本工资持续增长的劳动主权,由于交流的分界线、搅拌上的消费主义通过潜意识创造虚假的需要和持续“可持续”的经济增长是不被接受的。考虑到政府感兴趣的是公民而不是员工,从一方面,它将无资格要求作出贡献,支配员工参加劳动,另一方面它将不得不提供全体国民养老金的保健服务在同一时代开始,相同的情况下。这句话的意思是说,工党将不会负担那些对根本的原型社会不再有贡献的员工,除了为了工作而节约的人。他会利用自己的储蓄,如果
40、国家养老金对他不够的也可以寻求私人保险。这一系统将根据市民的需要,方便他们进出劳动力市场。但这种社会保险和养老制度不强迫他们工作从而改变自己独立的经济形势与被计算为社会生产力的数据化产物,劳动力作为一种生产力的依托,从劳动市场和社会中形成,同时又不能脱离为政治服务以及从事政治和经济活动。那么公民有选择是否进入劳动市场的权利,这种需求完全取决于他们自身,他们能够以不同的身份(作为生产者,企业家,商人,职员,体力劳动者)参加保障。随着医疗保障和国家退休金制度的改革,使得人们的价值观产生变化,从十七世纪开始盛行直到十八世纪发生崩溃。然而,假设潜意识被操纵,个人和集体生产的需要和对消费者的虚假指导(持
41、续的经济增长领先于消费支出的增长)始终保持一个强劲的势头,那么那些本来应当一部分人受益的变化将对一个经济行为主体的经济活动由谁来支配产生影响,而到那个时候,广大市民和工人会发现对自己定位变得更加尴尬。让我们尝试去指定这样一个系统框架国家承担所有公民的医药保健问题以及所有公民养老金问题。如上所述,国家将负担难以估计的养老金,这个会根据经济活动而变化(可能连接商业周期)。因此,金钱的紧张会随有需求的老年人的数量而变化。让我们指定一些国家养老金的参数国家养老金支付下至那些收入不到它两倍的人,上至收入是它两倍的人。有关测定表明退休金高的国家(比如说每月)可以做到承担一个人全部伙食费用(整整一个月)或者
42、(每月)房租。然而,在任何一种情况下政府在与社会合作过程中(当然不是经济人社会)应该随时准备提供住所或额外的食物给那些领取养老金并需要它们的人。退休年龄(平等于所有国家退休金制度)是可以确定的,因为平均寿命和成年之前这个时期之间的时间区间是一样的,比如成年年龄已确定为16岁而预期寿命为81岁那么这一代人将从65岁(8116)领取国家养老金。此外,如果某些职业为上升的死亡率负责(排除致命工伤事故)那么这些职业可以根据他们的平均寿命从较低年龄分别为这些雇员提供养老金。由于它涉及后资本主义社会的公民养老基金制度,这可以被定向到指定的和有针对性的间接税在产品运输(因为这是资本主义的心脏产品分工和交换的最后证监会中介团体及)和能量消耗(因为消耗一切的资源,比如任何一种能源或者稀缺资源,是从1970年这十年以来在大众民主的要点)。总结国家养老金和社会保障制度的危机是交织在一起的生产,劳动,积累和增长模式的危机。该解决方案是否会通过的电流值反转(移动到一个人性化的价值观系统)或从他们的突变(在完全控制通过全球化的硬件系统),只有未来可以揭示它。这就是说,今后将揭示是否会从价值观和工作(根据第一次)或生活和工作(根据二)现行制度释放条件的恶化也将精算问题解决国家养老金和发达国家的社会保障制度。