1、1备战中考专项练习用所给单词的适当形式填空(各地中考真题)中考英语词汇运用及翻译句子解题技巧交际包括听、说、读、写，听和读是接收信息(输入)，说和写是表达信息(输出)，因此，写是表达能力的重要方面，理所当然地成为考查的重点。翻译句子和单词拼写既是衡量学生英语基础知识掌握情况的手段之一，又是培养学生综合运用所学英语知识进行书面表达的能力。本期辅导，着重谈谈这两个专项的复习。单词拼写篇【题型特点】 中考试题中词汇运用题量为 10 题，每题 1 分，共计 10 分。前 5 道题为根据括号中的汉语提示补全句子，后 5 道题为用括号中所给的英语单词的正确形式填空，答题要求是每空一词。考生如果仔细审题的话
2、会发现一个关键的提示性语言根据句子意思。言下之意，考生需要在读懂句子并了解句子意思的前提下才能准确地把握每道题答案的最终形式。【解题技巧】 如果考生没有基本的词汇量和准确拼写的能力的话，要想在词汇运用这一项中得高分是不太可能的。所以，建议考生从现在开始定下心来埋下头来扎扎实实地把六本书中的四会单词过一遍。在前 5 题根据汉语补全句子的题目中就有几题是只要考生把与汉语意思相对应的英语单词拼写出来而不做任何语法变化就得分的题目。【难点】 事实上，词汇运用的真正难点是知道填什么词却最终变不到位。如何来解决这个问题？譬如，担任主语的往往是名词、代词、动名词等，形容词一般担任表语、定语、宾语补足语，副词
3、一般担任状语，动词往往要考虑它的时态、语态、非谓语形式。考生一旦了解了这些基本的语法知识之后就能够通过对所缺部分在句子中担任的成分来构建出答案的最终形式。【例题解析】 例 1、Thanks for your suggestions. （宝贵的） （2009 年扬州中考题）答案：valuable解析：根据所给中文和句子意思，判断所填单词是形容词，故直接填写 valuable。例 2、When sleeping, Simon always keeps the window _(close).（2007 年扬州市中考题）答案：closed解析：西蒙在睡觉时总是把窗户关着。分析句子后我们不难发现横线上
4、的单词应该做the window 的补语，来补充说明窗户的状态是“关闭”的状态。而形容词才可以担任宾语补足语，所以应该把 close 变成一个形容词形式，即 closed.例3、Most people have seen the film _ by the famous director Zhang Yimou. (导演)(2008 年扬州市中考题)答案：directed该句的意思为：大多数人看过著名导演张艺谋导演的电影。分析句子后我们可以看出这里是过去分词短语做定语修饰名词 film。因为有表示被动意义的词 by 的暗示，所以应该把动词direct 变成过去分词 directed 的形式。翻
5、译句子篇【题型特点】 纵观我市往年中考英语试题的句子翻译题，其考查的重点为：各类重要句型结构及搭配、重点词的用法及习惯表达、主要语法规则及其运用等。今年，扬州市英语中考中句子翻译不再提供2英文提示，而是对所给中文进行整句翻译，对考生的要求明显高于往年，与苏州等苏南城市接轨。【解题技巧】 1.一般说来，句子翻译都有个明显的考查意图，要么是考查某个词的用法或习惯表达，要么是考查某个句型的结构或搭配，或者是考查某条语法规则的具体运用，等等。2.要注意英语的习惯表达以及英汉两种语言的不同之处。由于历史、文化等方面的原因，英汉两种语言在用词选句等方面有许多不同之处，这一点考生一定要引起足够的重视，千万不
6、要用汉语的习惯硬套英语句型。例：汉语中常说“希望建议同意拒绝某人做某事”，但英语习惯上却不能 hope / suggest / agree / refuse sb to do sth；例：汉语中的“红茶”，按英语的习惯是说成 black tea，而不是对应地说成 red tea。例：汉语的“踢足球”和“打篮球”，分别要用“踢和打”，但在英语中既不用 kick(踢)，也不用 beat(打)，却通用一个 play。基础语法知识和基本惯用法知识，同学们在复习迎考过程中都要特别注意。3.不要逐字翻译。不少同学在做翻译练习中往往有逐字翻译的习惯。例：当他要译“他年龄很大”时，往往会逐字译为 His ag
7、e is very big. 而不是正确地译为 He is old；又如要译“我工作很忙”，正确翻译 Im busy，而考生常逐字译为My work is very busy。所有这些问题考生在复习迎考中都要予以充分重视。【例题解析】 例 1、扬州人真幸运，将会看到奥运圣火(the Olympic holy fire)经过扬州。（2007 年扬州中考题）答案：The people of Yangzhou are lucky enough to see the Olympic holy fire passing through Yangzhou.或The people of Yangzhou a
8、re so lucky that they will/can see the Olympic holy fire passing through Yangzhou.解析：翻译这条句子时，很容易受中文的影响，将“真幸运”翻译成“really lucky“。考生应该注意习惯表达，不能逐字逐句翻译，应使用“sothat“或“adj. +enough+ to do sth.“结构。例 2、周末我宁愿看点书，也不愿上网聊天。（2008 年扬州市中考题）答案：I would rather do some reading than chat online at the weekend.或 I prefer
9、to do some reading rather than chat online at the weekend.或 I prefer reading some books to chatting on the Internet at the weekend.解析：翻译本句的关键是理解“宁愿也不”的固定搭配“would rather dothan do“, “prefer to dorather than do“和 “prefer doingto doing“。例 3、为什么不学会与你的家人分担烦恼呢？（2009 年扬州市中考题）答案：Why not learn to share your
10、worries with your family members?解析：这条中文包含的信息较多，有 “Why not“ “learn to do sth.“ 和“share sb. with sth.“，不细心就会遗漏。不少考生答题时，就漏掉了“学会”这一信息，导致翻译不完整。总之，在做句子翻译题时，要注意单词的词形变化，如名词的单复数；动词的时态、语态及非谓语动词；形容词、副词的比较级、最高级等。除了掌握正确的解题思路和技巧外，重要的是平时的积累，考试时的认真、细心、全盘考虑。只有这样，才能使大家在考试中取得理想的成绩。【2013 江苏泰州 】用括号内所给词的适当形式填空(每空不限一词)。(
11、10 分)31. I think Wu Qilong is one of the most popular _(actor). I am his fan.2. If you can answer all the questions _(correct), you will get a gift from the host.3. Who do you think is the most suitable for the _(student) Union?4. To reduce air pollution, wed better ride more often instead of _(driv
12、e)5. Did you hear anything _(usual) in the next door? No, I was chatting online with friends.6. David fell _(sleep) in class because he stayed up too late last night.7. Take exercise one hour a day, and youll become _(healthy) than before.8. We organized a lot of activities to celebrate our schools
13、_(fifty) birthday last month.9. Wearing red can help you make a _(decide)10. Were talking about where _(spend) our coming summer holiday.【2013 山东烟台 】根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。6.He （be）a volunteer in Ya-an, Sichuan since the earthquake happened.7. Mr. Jiang is a learned person, and he has lots of （know ）.8.T
14、he little girl is very kind and she always talks to people （polite）.9.All the （village）living conditions have changed greatly in recent years.10.My teacher did what he could （make）his class lively.【2013 山东临沂 】词形转换用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，每空格限填一词。（共 8 小题，计 8 分）61. Its cool and (sun) in autumn in our hometown.
15、62. Liu Yang became the (one) Chinese woman in space on June 16, 2012.63. Please finish your food. There are many hungry (baby) in the world, you know.64. The boy is too young to know the (dangerous) of smoking.65. Nancy wants to become a (translate) when she grows up.66. Tom thinks people will help
16、 him if he asks for help (polite).67. The Internet makes our life nicer, (easy) and more colorful than before.68. Last Sunday I saw an (pleasant) thing in the park-trash lay everywhere.【2013 山东滨州 】单词拼写（共 10 小题，计 10 分）根据句意及汉语提示，填写句中所缺的单词。66. A strong earthquake hit Yaan in _(四月), 2013.67. May I use y
17、our mobile phone? _(我的) is at home.68. Eating more _(蔬菜)can help us keep in good health.69. Can you speak _(慢慢地) ？I cant follow you.70. Next Sunday is Fathers Day and it is also my fathers _(第四十) birthday.71. Before you take the medicine, youd better read the _(说明) first.72. All of us were _(惊奇的) th
18、at such a little girl spoke English so well.73. Everyone else in my class was invited _(除了) me, and I dont know why.74. As a teacher, you should be _(耐心的 ) with your students.475. If you want to become a good Marathon athlete, you must practice _(跑步)every day.根据句意，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。（必要时加助动词或情态动词）（计 10
19、 分）76. Peter, we need to clean the house. Could you please _( sweep ) the floor?77. _( not smoke ) here, Rick. Smoking is not allowed in public places.78. What do you think of the milk? Oh, it _( taste ) good.79. Please say “Im here ” when your name _(call ).80. When I got home yesterday afternoon,
20、it _ (rain) hard.81. I have finished my homework, Mom. May I stop _ (have) a rest?82. Would you mind turning down the music? I _ (write) a report now.83. Shall I tell Tom the good news? No, you neednt. I _ ( tell ) him already.84. Mo Yan is the first man _( win ) the Nobel Prize for literature of th
21、e Chinese.85. If you _ (not be ) careful enough in the exam, you will not get a good grade.【2013 上海】用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词(共8 分 ) 59. The prices of many _ usually go up during festivals. (flower)60. This is the _ time for our school to hold the robot-making contest. (six)61. I could hardly beli
22、eve she had made a video about water pollution by _.(her)62. The company hopes its product will be _ on the European market. (success)63. Larry has put on too much weight because of his _ diet. (healthy)64. Jack finds it difficult to pronounce some English words _. (correct)65. Dont use the lift whe
23、n you escape from a high _ during a fire. (build)66. It is not wise of young people to _ their jobs from time to time. (changeable)【2013 贵州安顺 】用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。 （共 5 分）1. Why not (bring) your cousin with you to visit the museum?2. I (listen) but heard nothing. 3. A new plan began (form) in her mi
24、nd.4. Either Tom or she (be) going to the party next week. One of them must stay at home.5. My teacher told me “either” has two (pronounce).【2013 江苏扬州 】根据句子意思，用括号中所给英语单词的适当形式填空。51. _, I could get the last ticket to the concert. (luck) 52. Sandy collected pictures of all kinds of _. (butterfly)53. Th
25、e novel was later _ into a play. (make)54. We cant walk _ the street when the traffic light is red. (cross)55. Its raining. Why not _ a raincoat with you？ (take)【2013 江苏盐城 】根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空。每空一词。561. World Environment Day is on the (five) of June.62. What a (sun) day! Lets go hiking. 63. China becam
26、e the second (large) movie market in the world, behind the US. 64. We often ask (us) how we can do more for our country. 65. What do you think is the greatest (invent) of the twentieth century? 根据句意用所给动词的适当形式填空。66. Lost in Thailand is a Chinese comedy (direct) by Xu Zheng. 67.Is your father at home?
27、 No, Im afraid he (go) out. 68. Have you heard that some people (send) to Mars in a few years? 69. This story tells us a lesson the early bird (catch) the worm. 70.Guo Chuan is the first Chinese (realize) the dream of sailing around the world. 【2013 江苏无锡 】词汇运用（本大题共 8 小题，每小题 1 分，共 8 分）（A）根据句意和汉语注释，在答
28、题卡标有题号的横线上，写出单词的正确形式。1. Linda is such a (耐心的) person that she never gets angry easily.2. These fruits are not grown here. They are (进口)from Thailand.3. What a (杂乱) youve made! Youd better clear it up before Mum gets home.4.The climbers tried their best and reached the top of the mountain (成功地) at la
29、st.(B)根据句意，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，写出括号内所给单词的适当形式。5. We felt strange about his (silent) at the party as he used to be very outgoing.6. “Will it be possible to get me another ticket?” he asked (hopeful).7. Rub this oil into your skin and your headache will soon (appear)! Have a try!8. Its said that Chinese pare
30、nts are (strict) with their children than American parents.动词填空：用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，并将答案写在答题卡标有题号的横线处（共 8 分）1.Many people like to add some sugar while (drink) black tea.2. Mo Yan, a Chinese writer (honor) with the Nobel Prize last year.3.Will you come and pick me up tomorrow morning? Yes, I (promise).4.
31、If you need our new programme list, Ill be happy (send) you one. Please leave your e-mail address here.5.Why did the policeman stop your car? I (make) a call at that moment . What a bad day!6. The 2014 Youth Olympic Games (hold) in Nanjing from August 16th to 28th.7. I didnt realize I (leave) the ke
32、y at home until I got to my car. So I had to 6go back.8.The newspaper says all the museums will be open for free soon. Do you know that?Yes. But the local government (not confirm) it yet. Lets just wait and see.【2013 甘肃兰州 】根据句意，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。91. After so many _ (year) practice, Li Na is a well-know
33、n tennis player.92. Well have a surprise party for my mothers _ (forty) birthday next Saturday.93. The higher the mountain is, the _ (thin) the air is.94. To tell the _ (true), I dont like the drinks in that caf.95. Its a (an) _ (usual) experience; few people have chances to do it. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。9
34、6. I _ (read) a novel last night when I heard knocks at the door.97. The young man _ (live) alone since he graduated from college.98. Be careful _ (not fall) off the ladder.99. The actor and director _(be) coming to give us a speech next weekend.100. I overslept this morning. By the time I got to th
35、e train station, the train _ (leave).【2013 山东莱芜 】根据句子意思，用括号中所给词的正确形式填空，每空填一词。60. The plane landed _(safe) yesterday. 61. Li Na is a famous tennis _ (play).62. My sister is always strict with_ (she).63. The clothes in this shop are the_ (cheap) in the city.【2013 江苏徐州 】根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。(每空填一个单词)
36、48. Susan likes _(swim) while Kate likes dancing. 49. He was _(frighten) when he heard the bad news. 50. Amy looks smart with a pair of _(glass) on her nose. 51. “Youre old enough，boy. Youd better do it _(you). ” My father said to me. 52. We were late for the film Roman Holiday，but _(luck) we didnt
37、miss much. 【2013 江苏淮安 】根据句意, 用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。9. If it _(rain) tomorrow, we wont go swimming. 10. These years, the air quality has become _(bad) than before. 11. Chinese style road crossing is a bad habit and must be _(prevent). 12. Im glad to hear that my favorite _(sing) has come to our city. 13. I
38、ts too dangerous for the young children to play near the river by _(they). 14. When the guest entered the hall, Mr. White stood up and greeted him _(polite). 15. Each year, _(thousand) of visitors come to Huaian to enjoy Huaiyang food. 【2013 江苏常州 】根据句子意思，用括号中所给的词的正确形式填空，每空填一7词。41.Johnson has the (li
39、ttle) bread of us four.42. It is (possible) for humans to live on Mars at present.43. He looked (angry) at the young man and didnt say a word.44. The audience can enjoy young (direct) films from different countries.用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分）49.Isnt it strange that the cat is used to (lie
40、) beside the dog peacefully?50. I believe that an important moment like this should (not forget).51. Turn off the radio, dear. Baby is sleeping. There is no need. He (wake) up.52.What is he busy doing? Doing the experiment (complete) the science project.53. The project they had devoted up to two yea
41、rs to (choose) as the best one at the conference.【2013 甘肃白银】A. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。21.Our classroom is here. _ (she) is over there. 22. My pen is _ (break). Could I use yours?23. I need to go to the library, and if I post the letter on the way, Ill be killing two birds with _(first) stone.24. Be confide
42、nt of _(pass) the exam. 25. He cant even move because of his _(ill).【2013 江苏南京 】根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。51. If you dont tell me what the problem is, I cant (help) you.52. Miss Li is a kind teacher and she always talks to us (gentle).53. The teacher told us that the gravity on Mars (be ) only about th
43、ree-eighths of that on Earth.54. Mr. Black has been in China for three years and now he is used to (eat) Chinese food.55. The Eiffel Tower, a cultural icon of France, was completed at the end of the (nineteen) century.56. It is worth (mention) that Nanjing has entered Top 10 Appealing Chinese Cities
44、.【2013 贵州遵义 】用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，计 10 分。 ）76. Would you mind (turn) down the music? The baby is sleeping.77. China is one of the countries with the (long) history.78. The (act) of the movie To Young Ages celebrated their success in Beijing.79. We should try our best to help him. Anyway,
45、he is a classmate of (we).80. Helen is going to talk with you as soon as she (finish) her work.81. He Jiong became famous as a host in China in his (20).882. She wants to know if there (be) a flower show next week.83. Mum made her child (wash) his hands before eating.84. I felt (relax) lying in the sun. What a good
