1、原文EFFECTSOFDISPOSITIONONHOSPITALITYEMPLOYEEJOBSATISFACTIONANDCOMMITMENTPAULASILVADEPARTMENTOFMANAGEMENT,CALIFORNIASTATEUNIVERSITY,NORTHRIDGE,CALIFORNIA,USAABSTRACTPURPOSETHEMAINPURPOSEOFTHISPAPERISTOINVESTIGATETHERELATIONSHIPOFJOBATTITUDESTOPERSONALITYTRAITSINAHOSPITALITYSETTINGDESIGN/METHODOLOGY/AP
2、PROACHTHEAUTHORUSESAQUESTIONNAIREATTWOHOTELCHAINSINTHEWESTERNUSTOASCERTAINTHEVARIABLESEMPLOYEESTHATARESURVEYEDAREALLNONMANAGEMENTPERSONNELFINDINGSTHEAUTHORFINDSTHATJOBATTITUDES,SPECIFICALLY,ORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTANDJOBSATISFACTIONARESIGNIFICANTLYRELATEDTOTHEPERSONALITYTRAITS,THEBIGFIVEANDLOCUSOFCO
3、NTROLRESEARCHLIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONSTHENUMBEROFHOTELEMPLOYEESSTUDIEDIS159ALARGERSAMPLESIZECOULDINCREASETHEVALIDITYOFTHEFINDINGSPRACTICALIMPLICATIONSTHISPAPERENCOURAGESHOTELMANAGEMENTTOCONSIDERTHEUSEOFPERSONALITYTESTSINTHESELECTIONOFHOTELEMPLOYEESASTHERESULTSSUGGESTTHATCERTAINTRAITSARERELATEDTOANEMP
4、LOYEESJOBSATISFACTIONANDORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTORIGINALITY/VALUETHEPAPERISORIGINALINTHESENSETHATPRIORWORKHASMAINLYFOCUSEDONTHEEMPLOYEEJOBATTITUDEINRELATIONTOHOWTHEEMPLOYEEPERCEIVESTHEWORKPLACETHEREHAVEBEENLIMITEDINVESTIGATIONSINTOTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENPERSONALITYANDJOBATTITUDESTHISPAPERSUGGESTSTHAT
5、DISPOSITIONSMAYPLAYAROLEINTHEATTITUDEOFTHEEMPLOYEEKEYWORDSJOBSATISFACTION,HOSPITALITYMANAGEMENT,PERSONALITY,EMPLOYEEATTITUDESPAPERTYPERESEARCHPAPERINTRODUCTIONEMPLOYEETURNOVERHASBEENALARGEPROBLEMINTHEHOSPITALITYINDUSTRYNECESSITATINGANINVESTIGATIONINTOTHEREASONSFORTHISTURNOVERSOMEOFTHEREASONSCITEDFOR
6、THISTURNOVERARELOWCOMPENSATION,INADEQUATEBENEFITS,POORWORKINGCONDITIONS,POORWORKERMORALEANDJOBATTITUDES,ANDINADEQUATERECRUITMENTMILMAN,2002GOYMOUR,2002HINKINANDTRACEY,2000POWELLANDWOOD,1999ALLOFTHESEREASONSAREPRESUMABLYRELATEDASLOWCOMPENSATIONWOULDUNDOUBTEDLYCONTRIBUTETOPOORWORKERATTITUDESORMORALETH
7、ESTUDYOFTHEATTITUDESOFTHESEWORKERSISCERTAINLYFRUITFULFROMANASSESSMENTPOINTOFVIEW,SINCEKNOWINGWHYTHESEWORKERSAREUNHAPPYCANHELPTHEORGANIZATIONFOCUSTHEIREFFORTSONFIXINGTHEROOTOFTHEPROBLEMPRIORSTUDIESOFWORKERSATTITUDESHAVEFOCUSEDONTHEMEASURESOFSOMEONESATTITUDESABOUTTHEIRWORKENVIRONMENTIETHEJOB,SUPERVISO
8、RS,COWORKERSANDRELATEDATTITUDESTOONEANOTHERIEJOBSATISFACTIONTOORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTORTURNOVER,ABSENTEEISMANDVARIOUSOTHERBEHAVIORSFIRTHETAL,2004DICKTERETAL,1996WHATHASNOTBEENSTUDIEDEXTENSIVELYISTHEPOTENTIALROLEOFTHEINDIVIDUALCHARACTERISTICSONTHEIRATTITUDESORHOWTHEYFEELABOUTTHEIRORGANIZATIONSO,SPEC
9、IFICALLY,DOESTHECHARACTERISTICORDISPOSITIONOFTHEINDIVIDUALINFLUENCETHETYPEOFATTITUDETHEYHAVEABOUTTHEORGANIZATIONTHEREFORE,ISTHEREA“RIGHT”PERSONTHATWOULDBESTFITINTOTHEHOSPITALITYINDUSTRYIFSO,ARETHERESPECIFICTRAITSTHATHOSPITALITYORGANIZATIONSSHOULDRECRUITFORTHISSTUDYHOPESTORESPONDTOTHISQUESTIONTHESTUD
10、YOFPERSONALITYINTHEAREAOFPERSONNELSELECTIONISCERTAINLYNOTNEWPLENTYOFSTUDIESSHEDLIGHTONPERSONALITYTRAITSINTHEHOPESOFFINDINGTHEBESTMEASURESTHATPREDICTJOBPERFORMANCEBARRICKANDMOUNT,1991TETTETAL,1991THEPROBLEMISTHATWESTILLDONOTHAVEALOTOFAGREEMENTONWHICHPERSONALITYTRAITSPREDICTJOBPERFORMANCESINCETHEREHAV
11、EBEENMIXEDFINDINGSINTHEAREATHISPAPERPROPOSESTOSTUDYEMPLOYEESINTHEHOSPITALITYINDUSTRYWITHTHEGOALOFLINKINGPERSONALITYTRAITSTOTHEEMPLOYEEATTITUDES,ANDTHUSMAKINGPREDICTIONSONWHATTRAITSTHEHOSPITALITYFIRMSSHOULDBELOOKINGFORINTHERECRUITMENTOFEMPLOYEESTRADITIONALLY,THESTUDYOFPERSONALITYDIMENSIONSISTOASCERTA
12、INTHEINDIVIDUALSFITWITHINANORGANIZATIONFERRISANDJUDGE,1991THISSTUDYEXTENDSTHERESEARCHBYCORRELATINGJOBSATISFACTIONANDORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTWITHPERSONALITYDIMENSIONSITHASBEENSUGGESTEDTHATPERSONALITYDIMENSIONSORONESDISPOSITIONMAYMEDIATETHEEFFECTOFBOTHJOBSATISFACTIONANDORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTANDONESI
13、NTENTIONSTOQUITFIRTHETAL,2004FURTHER,ONESDISPOSITIONHASBEENLINKEDTOJOBSATISFACTIONHELLERETAL,2002ANDORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTABRAHAM,1997THERESEARCHHEREFURTHERSTHERESEARCHINTHISAREATHISSTUDYALSOFURTHERSTHEINVESTIGATIONOFJOBSATISFACTIONINTHATPRIORWORKDIDNOTSEEKTODETERMINETHERELATIONSHIPOFTHEFACETSOFJO
14、BSATISFACTIONWITHPERSONALITYHELLERETAL,2002THEPERSONALITYTRAITSSTUDIEDARETHEBIGFIVEANDLOCUSOFCONTROLADDITIONALLY,THISSTUDYINVESTIGATESTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTANDTHEBIGFIVEANDLOCUSOFCONTROLTHESTUDYOFTHESEVARIABLESSHOULDHELPINHUMANRESOURCERECRUITMENTINTHEDELINEATIONOFPERSONALITYC
15、HARACTERISTICSTHATPREDICTHIGHERCOMMITMENTANDSATISFACTIONWITHTHEORGANIZATIONTHISPAPERFIRSTIDENTIFIESTHERELEVANTRESEARCHONORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTANDJOBSATISFACTION,FOLLOWEDBYADISCUSSIONOFTHERESEARCHONTHEBIGFIVEANDLOCUSOFCONTROLTHEMETHODOLOGYISTHENDISCUSSED,FOLLOWEDBYTHEINTERPRETATIONOFTHEFINDINGSANDC
16、ONCLUSIONOFTHISRESEARCHRESEARCHONJOBATTITUDESTHETWOATTITUDESOFINTERESTINTHISSTUDYAREORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTANDJOBSATISFACTIONRESEARCHHASFOUNDTHATBOTHJOBSATISFACTIONANDORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTARERELATEDTOAPERSONSINTENTIONTOQUITAJOBRAHIMANDPSENICKA,1996MORRISON,1997LUMETAL,1998ADDITIONALLY,JOBSATISFA
17、CTIONANDORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTAREINTERRELATEDASTHEMORESATISFIEDONEIS,THEMORECOMMITTEDTHEYAREFIRTHETAL,2004ASMENTIONEDEARLIER,THESEATTITUDESHAVEBEENRESEARCHEDEXTENSIVELYFIRST,ORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTISUSUALLYDEFINEDASTHESTRENGTHOFONESIDENTIFICATIONANDINVOLVEMENTWITHTHEIRRESPECTIVEORGANIZATIONMOWDAY
18、ETAL,1979RESEARCHSHOWSTHATSOCIALINVOLVEMENTPREDICTSORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTWHERETHEMOREINVOLVEDTHEINDIVIDUAL,THEMORECOMMITTEDTHEYAREDECOTIISANDSUMMERS,1987OTHERSTUDIESSHOWTHATORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTISRELATEDTOAPERSONSINTENTIONTOLEAVEANDTURNOVERSHOREANDMARTIN,1989TETTANDMEYER,1993ASWELLASTHEORETICAL
19、LYTOJOBPERFORMANCEMOWDAYETAL,1974ESSENTIALLY,COMMITTEDINDIVIDUALSAREEXPECTEDTOEXTENDGREATEREFFORTSONTHEJOB,HAVINGADIRECTIMPACTONJOBPERFORMANCERESEARCHONORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTHASSUGGESTEDTHATCOMMITMENTCONSISTSOFFOURFACTORSCOMMITMENTTOTHEORGANIZATION,TOTOPMANAGEMENT,TOIMMEDIATESUPERVISORSANDTOWORKGR
20、OUPSBECKER,1992THISSUGGESTSTHATONESCOMMITMENTCANVARYINEACHOFTHESEFACTORSTHUSARGUINGFORAMULTIFACTORMODELRATHERTHANAONEFACTORMODELINTHISPAPER,AONEFACTORMODELOFORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTISUSEDSEEMETHODOLOGYRESEARCHMORERELEVANTTOTHISSTUDYSHOWSTHATDISPOSITIONISRELATEDTOORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTABRAHAM1997SH
21、OWSTHATINDIVIDUALSWITHCERTAINCOLLECTIVEORIENTATIONSWILLBEHIGHLYCOMMITTEDTOTHEIRRESPECTIVEORGANIZATIONRESEARCHONPERSONALITYBIGFIVEANDLOCUSOFCONTROLTHEBIGFIVEHASBEENEXTENSIVELYSTUDIEDINMANYSETTINGS,BUTLIMITEDINRELATIONTOJOBSATISFACTIONANDORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTTHEBIGFIVETESTSFORFIVEPERSONALITYCHARACT
22、ERISTICSEXTRAVERSION,AGREEABLENESS,CONSCIENTIOUSNESS,EMOTIONALSTABILITYSOMETIMESREFERREDTOASNEUROTICISM,ANDINTELLECTORIMAGINATIONSOMETIMESREFERREDTOASOPENNESSCOSTAANDMCCRAE,1985EXTRAVERSIONISRELATEDTOANINDIVIDUALSSOCIABILITYAGREEABLENESSTOONESCOOPERATIVENESSCONSCIENTIOUSNESSTOONESDEPENDABILITYEMOTIO
23、NALSTABILITYTOONESSECURENESSANDINTELLECTUALTOONESIMAGINATIONRESEARCHHASSHOWNTHATTHEBIGFIVEISRELATEDTOANINDIVIDUALSRELATIONSHIPSWITHOTHERSINSOCIALSETTINGSBUSS,1992FURTHER,OTHERRESEARCHONTHEBIGFIVEHASSHOWNTHATNEUROTICISM,EXTRAVERSIONANDCONSCIENTIOUSNESSTOBERELATEDTOCAREERSUCCESSJUDGEETAL,1999NEUROTICI
24、SMHASALSOBEENFOUNDTOBERELATEDTOONESINTENTIONTOREMAININANORGANIZATIONMORRISON,1997THERELATIONSHIPTOJOBPERFORMANCEISPERHAPSTHEMOSTCONTROVERSIALRESEARCHONTHEBIGFIVESOMESTUDIESSHOWTHATCONSCIENTIOUSNESS,AGREEABLENESSANDEXTRAVERSIONWERERELATEDTOJOBPERFORMANCETETTETAL,1991,WHILEMETAANALYSESHASREVEALEDTHATC
25、ONSCIENTIOUSNESSWASTHESTRONGESTPREDICTOROFJOBPERFORMANCEACROSSALLJOBGROUPSHOUGHETAL,1990BARRICKANDMOUNT,1991MORERELEVANTTOTHISWORK,ANEGATIVERELATIONSHIPHASBEENFOUNDBETWEENNEUROTICISMANDJOBSATISFACTIONBUSS,1992NEUROTICISMHASALSOFOUNDTOBESIGNIFICANTLYRELATEDTOORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTMORRISON,1997SPECI
26、FICRESEARCHONPERSONALITYINTHEHOSPITALITYINDUSTRYHASFOUNDTHATJOBCOMPETENCEANDJOBASPIRATIONWEREPOSITIVELYRELATEDTOENTHUSIASMANDCHEERFULMOODSTATESFURTHER,THESEMOODSTATESWEREPOSITIVELYRELATEDTOWORKSATISFACTIONROSS,1995THEBIGFIVEISONEOFTHEASSESSMENTSTHATWILLBEMADEINTHISSTUDYLOCUSOFCONTROLISANOTHERDISPOSI
27、TIONOFINTERESTTHATISEXPECTEDTOBERELATEDTOJOBATTITUDESLOCUSOFCONTROLISAPERSONALITYDIMENSIONTHATASCRIBESINDIVIDUALSASPOSSESSINGANEITHERINTERNALOREXTERNALLOCUSOFCONTROLINTERNALSARESAIDTOLOOKATTHEWORLDANDTHETHINGSTHATHAPPENTOTHEMASWITHINTHEIRCONTROL,WHILEONTHEOTHERHAND,EXTERNALSARESAIDTOLOOKATTHEWORLDAN
28、DTHETHINGSTHATHAPPENTOTHEMASAMATTEROFLUCKORFATEANDTHUSBEYONDTHEIRCONTROLROTTER,1966RESEARCHONLOCUSOFCONTROLSHOWSTHATINTERNALSPREFERAPARTICIPATIVEMANAGERWHILEEXTERNALPREFERADIRECTIVEMANAGERRUNYON,1973OTHERWORKSHOWSTHATINTERNALSHAVEASTRONGBELIEFTHATOUTCOMESINTHEORGANIZATION,LIKEREWARDSAREUNDERTHEIRCON
29、TROLWHILEEXTERNALSHAVETHEOPPOSITEBELIEFSPECTOR,1982ADDITIONALLY,RESEARCHMOREPERTINENTTOTHISSTUDY,HASSHOWNTHATINTERNALSTENDTOHAVEHIGHERJOBSATISFACTIONANDORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTTHANEXTERNALSLIMANDTEO,1998SUJAN,1986THUSITWOULDBEEXPECTEDHERETHATINTERNALSWOULDHAVEHIGHERJOBSATISFACTIONANDORGANIZATIONALCO
30、MMITMENTIPROPOSETHATASTUDYOFPERSONALITYWOULDBEFRUITFULTOPINPOINTDIMENSIONSTHATMIGHTPREDICTTHEEMPLOYEESDISPOSITIONTOBESATISFIEDWITHTHEIRJOBANDALSOCOMMITMENTTOTHEIRRESPECTIVEORGANIZATIONWHATFOLLOWSAREHYPOTHESESTHATPREDICTRELATIONSHIPSAMONGTHEVARIABLESOFINTERESTSAPRIORI,SINCETHISSTUDYISEXPLORATORY,THEN
31、ATUREOFTHESPECIFICRELATIONSHIPSAMONGTHEFACETSOFJOBSATISFACTIONANDTHEBIGFIVE,ASWELLASTHEBIGFIVEDIMENSIONSANDORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTARENOTPREDICTEDH1JOBSATISFACTIONANDORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTWILLBESIGNIFICANTLYRELATEDH2ORGANIZATIONALCOMMITMENTWILLBESIGNIFICANTLYRELATEDTOTHEBIGFIVEANDLOCUSOFCONTROLH3J
32、OBSATISFACTIONWILLBESIGNIFICANTLYRELATEDTOTHEBIGFIVEANDLOCUSOFCONTROLMETHODOLOGYAQUESTIONNAIREWASGIVENTOEMPLOYEESATTWOMAJORHOTELCHAINSINTHEWESTERNUSTHEEMPLOYEESCONSISTEDOFNONMANAGEMENTPERSONNELTHEREWERE670PERSONNELATTHISORGANIZATION,WITHATOTALOF159EMPLOYEESWHOFILLEDOUTTHESURVEYFORATOTALRESPONSERATEO
33、F24PERCENTEMPLOYEESWERETOLDTHATTHERESEARCHERWASINTERESTEDINHOWTHEYFELTABOUTTHEIRWORKENVIRONMENTSOTHATICOULDFINDOUTWHATCOULDBEDONEBETTERTHEYWEREALSOTOLDTHATONLYTHERESEARCHERWOULDSEETHESURVEYANDWEREGUARANTEEDCOMPLETEANONYMITYRESPONDENTSDIDNOTREPORTANYIDENTIFYINGINFORMATIONONTHESURVEYTHERESULTINGDEMOGR
34、APHICSOFTHESAMPLEWEREASFOLLOWSTHEREWERE73MEN,AND86WOMEN,THEAVERAGEAGERANGEWAS3140YEARS,THEAVERAGETIMEATJOBWASTHREETOFOURYEARS,AND75PERCENTOFTHESAMPLEMADE35,000ORLESS,AND25PERCENT,36,000ANDABOVECONCLUSIONLIMITATIONSOFTHISSTUDYINCLUDECOMMONMETHODVARIANCEASALLTHEDATACOLLECTEDCAMEFROMONESOURCEALARGERSAM
35、PLESIZEWOULDALSOHELPINTHEROBUSTNESSOFTHEFINDINGSFUTURESTUDIESCOULDINVESTIGATEEMPLOYEESINSEVERALDIFFERENTSETTINGSTOENSUREGENERALIZABILITYTHECAUSALITYOFTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENJOBATTITUDESANDPERSONALITYTRAITSWASNOTSTUDIEDHEREFUTUREWORKMIGHTALSOADDRESSTHISISSUEWHILETHEREHASBEENASUGGESTIONINTHEHOSPITALITY
36、FIELDTOUNDERSTANDANDDEVELOPCOMPETENCIESAMONGTHESEEMPLOYEESDUETOTHEPROBLEMSINTHEACCURACYOFPERSONALITYASSESSMENTS,THECONCLUSIONHEREISTHATPERSONALITYVARIABLESSHOULDNOTBEOVERLOOKEDAMONGTHESEEMPLOYEESCHUNGHERRERAETAL,2003GIVENTHATCERTAINPERSONALITYTRAITSARERELATEDTOTHEINDIVIDUALSFEELINGABOUTTHEIRJOBANDCO
37、MMITMENTTOTHEORGANIZATIONNECESSITATESTHEINCLUSIONOFPERSONALITYTESTSINTHESELECTIONOFINDIVIDUALSWITHINTHISFIELDCERTAINLYTHISINFORMATIONCANHELPINTHERECRUITMENTOFHOSPITALITYEMPLOYEESINNARROWINGTHESEARCHFORTHEIDEALCANDIDATEINANINDUSTRYJOBSATISFACTIONANDCOMMITMENTWHOSEEMPLOYEESREPORTHIGHTURNOVER,INTENTION
38、STOQUIT,ANDLOWSATISFACTIONWITHONESJOBANDCOMPONENTSOFTHEJOB,THEDEVELOPMENTOFAPROFILEOFTHE“RIGHT”HOSPITALITYEMPLOYEEISWARRANTEDTHERESULTSOFTHISSTUDYIMPLYTHATCONSCIENTIOUSNESS,ASONETRAIT,MAYBEPARTOFTHECANDIDATESPROFILESEENASDESIRABLEDUETOTHEEFFECTSONSATISFACTIONANDCOMMITMENTNOTONLYSHOWNINTHISSTUDYBUTIN
39、PRIORRESEARCHASWELLSOURCEPAULASILVA“EFFECTSOFDISPOSITIONONHOSPITALITYEMPLOYEEJOBSATISFACTIONANDCOMMITMENT”JOBSATISFACTIONANDCOMMITMENTP317318译文员工满意度及组织承诺对员工热情好客程度的影响保拉,席尔瓦管理部美国加州州立大学北岭分校摘要目的本文的主要目的是调查酒店员工工作态度与人格特质的关系。设计/方法/方式笔者采用问卷以确定的变量调查美国西部的两个连锁酒店。被调查的员工都是非管理人员。发现具体而言,笔者认为,人格特质与工作态度,组织忠诚度及工作满意度显著
40、相关。研究限制/启示研究的酒店员工人数是159位。一个更大的样本量可提高结果的准确性的。实际影响本文鼓励酒店管理要考虑酒店员工的性格测试,使用结果表明,某些性格性状都与员工的工作满意度和组织忠诚度有关。独创性或价值本文是原始的,也就是说预先的工作主要集中于雇员工作态度与工作环境的影响,有被限制的对个性和工作态度之间的关系进行调查。本文认为性格在雇员的态度中也许扮演一个角色。关键词工作满意度,酒店管理,人格,员工的态度纸张类型研究报告介绍员工离职一直是酒店业的大问题,因此需要对这个问题的产生原因展开调查。对这个问题列举了一些原因是低报酬,福利不足,工作条件差,贫困工人的士气和工作态度,以及招聘不
41、足(米尔曼,2002GOYMOUR,2002HINKIN和TRACEY,2000鲍威尔和伍德,1999年)。根据说有这些原因推测,低报偿将无疑地造成恶劣的工作者态度或士气。对这些工作者的态度、观点评估肯定是有成效的,因为知道为什么这些工人是不幸的能帮助组织集中精力固定问题的症结所在。在此之前工人的态度研究主要侧重于他们的工作环境(即工作,主管,同事)和相关的彼此态度(即工作满意度对组织承诺)或营业额,旷工以及其他各种行为(弗斯等,2004。DICKTER等,1996)。那些还没有人研究得很透彻的是潜在角色的个性,他们的态度和他们如何觉得他们的组织。所以,确切地说,个人的性格特征的态度对组织有什
42、么样的影响因此,是否有一个“正确”的人,将最适合进入酒店业。如果是这样,如果是这样,有专门的特点,酒店是否要招聘他呢本研究希望以应对这一问题。人格在人事选拔方面的研究当然不是新的。大量的研究能够解释人格特质,我们希望找到最好的(巴瑞克和山,1991邰蒂等人,1991年)。问题是我们还没有很多一致的个性特征的预测工作性能,因为在该地区很多是混合的。本文提出,研究酒店业与人格特质联系起来的员工的态度,公司应该了解招聘的员工的特质,从而预测员工需要的待遇。传统上,人格维度研究,适合确定个人的内部组织(摩天和判断,1991年)。这项研究扩展了工作满意度和组织承诺与人格维度关系的研究。有人认为,人格维度
43、或一个人的性格都可以调解工作满意度和组织承诺和自己的意愿的效果(弗斯等,2004)。此外,一个人的性格一直与工作满意度(海勒等人,2002)和组织承诺(亚伯拉罕,1997)相关。这项研究还进一步加强了在这之前的工作满意度调查工作并没有设法确定的与人格方面的工作满意度的关系(海勒等人,2002)。这些变量的研究应该有助于在人力资源招聘中的个性特点预测,较高的承诺和对组织的满意划定。本文首先确定了对组织承诺与工作满意度相关的研究,通过对五大因素讨论的研究,然后,讨论方法,最后得出结果。工作态度的研究这项研究感兴趣的两种态度是组织承诺及工作满意度。研究发现,工作满意度和组织承诺与一个人的意图辞去工作
44、有很大的关系(拉希姆和PSENICKA,1996年莫里森,1997年绥等,1998。)。此外,工作满意度和组织承诺是相互关联的,致力于它们能产生更大的满意(弗斯等,2004)。如前所述,这些观念已经被广泛研究。首先,组织承诺通常被定义为一个人的认同和参与各自组织的力量(MOWDAY等人,1979)。其他研究表明,理论上组织承诺关系到一个人的离开的意愿,营业额(SHORE和马丁,1989邰蒂和MEYER,1993)以及工作业绩(MOWDAY等人,1974年。)。从本质上讲,致力于个人态度研究可望扩大员工在工作中加大力度,对工作绩效有直接影响。研究表明,员工对组织的承诺由四个因素组成组织,高层领导
45、,直属领导和工作团队(贝克,1992)。因此,这建议其承诺可以通过这些因素的每个变化讨论一个多种因素的模型,而非一个因素。本文,我们使用的是单因素模型。个性研究大五与精神控制源在许多场合中,大五人格模型已被广泛研究,但相对于组织满意度和组织承诺的研究却有许多限制。大五人格测验包括五个特征外向性,宜人性,责任心,情绪稳定性(有时称为神经质),智力或想象力(有时称为开放性)(科斯塔和麦克雷,1985)。外向性是有关个人的社交能力的研究;宜人性是一个人的可靠性与合作性;情绪稳定是一个人情绪的安全稳定性;和一个人的想象力。研究表明,大五人格模型是有关个人与他人,个人与社会环境的关系研究(巴斯,1992
46、)。在五大模型以外,其他研究已经表明,神经质,外向性和自觉性与事业成功有关(加爵等人,1999)。神经质也被认为是否关系到一个人愿意留在该组织(莫里森,1997)。研究人格个性与工作绩效的关系,也许是对五大最具争议性的研究。一些研究表明,责任感,宜人性和外向性与工作业绩有关(邰蒂等人,1991),而纵观所有的工作组,荟萃分析显示,责任心是最明显的工作表现预测器(霍夫等人,1990;巴里森和孟达等人,1991)。更多的有关这项研究工作中,已发现神经质与工作满意度之间有负相关关系(巴斯,1992)。神经质还被发现与组织承诺显著相关(莫里森,1997)。在餐饮业的员工个性研究中发现,热情与愉快的状态
47、与工作能力和工作愿望呈正相关的关系。此外,这些心情状态肯定与工作满意有关(罗斯,1995)。大五人格模型分析在这项研究中将被作为其中一个评估模型。心理控制源是预计与工作态度有关的另一种性格。心理控制源是一种人格维度,归咎于个体拥有内裤控制权与外部轨迹。内部控制说,倾向于把行为结果归因于自己的内部因素,倾向于外部控制点的人,则会把行为结果归因于外部压力(罗特,1966)。研究显示,内部控制点喜欢参与管理而外部控制点则喜欢指导管理(鲁尼恩,1973)。其他工作表明,内部控制信仰一个强大的组织,就像结果回报是在他们的控制之下一样,而外部控制则有相反的信仰(斯佩克特,1982)。此外,更有针对性的研究
48、表明,内部控制比外部控制往往有较高的工作满意度(林蒙和泰奥,1998;苏建,1986)。因此,可以预计,内部比外部有较高的组织满意度。我认为,个性的研究对研究员工是否满意自己的工作或组织是富有成效的。以下是假设的变量之间的关系,并预测员工的兴趣爱好。实行事前实验,是因为这项研究是试探性的,工作满意度与五大人格的特定关系,以及五大维度与组织承诺的关系是无法预测的。工作满意度和组织承诺将显著相关。组织承诺和五大人格及心理控制源显著相关。工作满意度和五大人格及心理控制源将显著相关。方法给予员工的问卷调查中包括两个美国西部主要的连锁酒店。这两个酒店包括非管理人员一共670人,其中24的员工共159人的
49、人参与了调查。员工告诉调查人员,他们最感兴趣的是工作环境。另外他们告诉研究人员,希望确保调查完全匿名,没有任何可识别信息。对员工的统计如下共73名男性,86名妇女,平均年龄范围为3140岁,平均工作年限是34年,75的员工年薪不到35万美元,25的员工超过36万美元。讨论这里的研究证实了组织承诺与工作满意度的关系。显然,忠诚的员工往往是满意的员工,反之亦然。在酒店业雇员也不例外。这项研究还发现,与工作满意度相关的内部和外部影响因素确实会影响对这项工作的态度。这一调查结果与以前的工作时期预测一致,影响工作满意度的内部因素比外部因素更令人感到满意。结论这项研究的局限包括共同方法的变化,因为所有数据都来自一个来源。一个更大的样本量也将有助于调查结果的可靠性。未来的研究可以在几个不同的场所进行调查,以确保员工一般化。此外对工作态度与人格特质的因果关系并没有在这里学习。今后的工作还解决这一问题。出处保拉性格影响员工工作满意度与承诺工作满意度和承诺,2006P317318