1、本科毕业论文(设计)外文翻译题目激励薪酬在现代人力资源管理中的作用研究学院商学院专业人力资源管理班级学号学生姓名指导教师外文题目INCENTIVEPAYNOTJUSTFORTOPMANAGEMENTCOMPENSATIONINTHEYEAR2000PAYFORPERFORMANCE外文出处EMERALDBACKFILES,200741P16P19HEALTHMANPOWERMANAGEMENT,199622P31P39外文作者JIMABBOTT,BRIANHKLEINERSTEVENHAPPELBAUM,LORINGMACKENZIE原文INCENTIVEPAYNOTJUSTFORTOPMAN
2、AGEMENTTOBESUCCESSFULINANINCREASINGLYCOMPETITIVEGLOBALECONOMY,EMPLOYERSMUSTCONSTANTLYBELOOKINGFORMORECREATIVEWAYSTOREDUCECOSTSANDIMPROVEPRODUCTIVITYOVERTHEPASTDECADE,NUMEROUSMANAGEMENTEXPERTSHAVEWRITTENAGREATDEALABOUTHOWTOMAKEAMERICANBUSINESSESMORECOMPETITIVE,FROMADOPTINGTHEJUSTINTIMEPHILOSOPHY,PROV
3、IDINGSUPERIORCUSTOMERSERVICE,TOCHANGINGTHEWAYMANAGEMENTTREATSANDMOTIVATESITSEMPLOYEESADOPTINGTHELATESTMANUFACTURINGTECHNIQUESORIMPROVINGCUSTOMERSERVICEISOBVIOUSLYIMPORTANTBUTONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTELEMENTSREQUIREDTOENSURETHESUCCESSOFANYCOMPANYISTORETAINANDMOTIVATEITSEMPLOYEES,FROMTHECEODOWNTOTHEPRODUC
4、TIONLINEWORKERINCENTIVESUSEDTOBEJUSTFORMANAGERSBUTNOW,AFTERSEVERELYPARINGSTAFFINRECENTYEARS,COMPANIESVIEWPERFORMANCEANDPROFITINCENTIVESASAWAYTOSQUEEZEQUALITYANDPRODUCTIVITYIMPROVEMENTSFROMITSREMAININGWORKERS,WHILEGIVINGTHEMGREATERCONTROLOVERTHEIRFINANCIALFATESTOIMPROVEPRODUCTIVITYANDPROFITS,THOUSAND
5、SOFCOMPANIESHAVESTARTEDTOEXPERIMENTWITHAVARIETYOFCREATIVEPAYPLANSFORTHEIRLOWERLEVELWORKERSTOINCREASEPRODUCTIVITYANDCUTCOSTSPAYFORPERFORMANCEPLANSSUCHASLUMPSUMBONUSESTHATREPLACEBASEWAGEINCREASES,GAINSHARINGPLANSTOREWARDIMPROVEMENTSINQUALITYANDPRODUCTIVITY,ANDPAYFORKNOWLEDGESYSTEMSTHATPAYWORKERSFORTHE
6、SKILLSTHEYMASTERRATHERTHANFORTHETASKSTHEYPERFORM,AREBEGINNINGTODISPLACETHETRADITIONALMERITWAGEINCREASESANDBONUSPAYMENTSTHEAMERICANPRODUCTIVITYANDTHISISTRUEINMANYCASESTHEUSUALMERITINCREASEOFTENHASLITTLETODOWITHMERITANDINMANYCOMPANIESTHESEINCREASESHAVEBECOMEAUTOMATICWITHALMOSTEVERYONE,THEPOORPERFORMER
7、ORTHESTARGETTINGABOUTTHESAMEPERCENTAGEINCREASEANOTHERPROBLEMWITHMANYEXISTINGCOMPENSATIONPLANS,ANDASOREPOINTWITHANUMBEROFEMPLOYEES,ISTHATNOMATTERHOWHARDTHEYWORKORWHATTHEYDO,MANAGEMENTHASSETAMAXIMUMINCREASEINPAYBASEDONANINDUSTRYAVERAGEWHILETOPEXECUTIVEPAYISBASICALLYOPENENDEDTHESECAPSONPAYINCREASESDONO
8、TALLOWFORREWARDINGEXTRAORDINARYPERFORMANCEAPERSONCANWORKEXCEPTIONALLYHARD,ANDTHEBESTWHICHISRECEIVEDISANINCREASEEQUALTOTHERATEOFINFLATIONTHISPROBLEMHASBECOMEAPPARENTTOANUMBEROFMANAGERS,ANDMANYHAVESTARTEDTOEXPERIMENTWITHNEWPAYPLANSBUTCHANGINGTHECOMPANYSINCENTIVEPLANSWITHOUTFIRSTPLANNINGWHATYOUWANTTOAC
9、COMPLISHISALMOSTCERTAINLYINVITINGFAILUREHOWTOMAKEINCENTIVEPAYPLANSWORKINCENTIVEPLANSSHOULDBEDESIGNEDONACOMPANYBYCOMPANYBASIS,BUTTHEREARECERTAINGUIDELINESWHICHSHOULDBEFOLLOWEDTOHELPTOENSUREASUCCESSFULPROGRAMMEACCORDINGTOMARCJWALLACE,JR,APROFESSOROFMANAGEMENTATTHEUNIVERSITYOFKENTUCKY,THEREAREFIVEBASIC
10、SUGGESTIONSWHICHCOMPANIESSHOULDFOLLOWTOMAKETHEINCENTIVEPLANWORK1STARTWITHACLEARSTRATEGYTHERESHOULDBECLEARANDIDENTIFIABLEGOALSWHICHTHECOMPANYWANTSTOACCOMPLISHWHICHAREUNDERSTANDABLEBYALLEMPLOYEES2FOCUSONJOBSTHATCANBEMEASUREDANDMAKESURETHATMANAGERSKNOWWHATCONSTITUTESPEAKPERFORMANCEANDHOWTOVALUEITINCENT
11、IVEPLANSWORKBESTWHENWORKERSCANACTUALLYSEEHOWTHEYINFLUENCETARGETS3DECENTRALIZEINCENTIVESBYALLOWINGINDIVIDUALBUSINESSUNITSTOTAILORREWARDPLANSTOTHEIRSPECIFICSITUATIONS4SEPARATEINCENTIVESFROMBASEPAYTHEINCENTIVESHOULDBEDELIVEREDINALUMPSUMTOHIGHLIGHTTHELINKBETWEENREWARDSANDPERFORMANCE5CREATEA“SUNSET“PROVI
12、SIONSTATETHECONDITIONSUNDERWHICHTHEPROGRAMMEWILLBEMODIFIEDORTERMINATED,SUCHASACHANGEINTHEBUSINESSPLANORTHEINTRODUCTIONOFANEWTECHNOLOGYTHISLASTPOINTISVERYIMPORTANTTOREMEMBEREVENTHEBESTBONUSSYSTEMSNEEDCHANGINGFROMTIMETOTIMETHECOMPANYGROWS,THENEEDSOFTHEBUSINESSSHIFT,ORUNFORESEENEVENTSOCCURTHEPLANMAYSTA
13、RTOUTACHIEVINGTHEDESIREDGOALBUTCOULDULTIMATELYNOTPROVIDETHERESULTSWHICHMANAGEMENTORIGINALLYINTENDEDONECASESTUDYEXAMINEDTHEBONUSSYSTEMOFSOLARPRESS,INCOFNAPERVILLE,ILLINOIS,ANDFOUNDTHATTHECOMPANYHASCHANGEDITSBONUSSYSTEMTHREETIMESINTHELASTSIXYEARSONEINCENTIVESYSTEM,WHICHPAIDBONUSESTOTEAMSOFEMPLOYEESWHO
14、PRODUCEDOVERACERTAINQUOTA,BEGANHAVINGPROBLEMSWHENTHEPRESSURETOPRODUCECAUSEDTEAMSTONEGLECTMAINTENANCESOTHEIREQUIPMENTBROKEDOWNANDORDERSCOULDNOTBEFILLEDWITHTHEFOCUSONSPEED,QUALITYSUFFERED,ANDANUMBEROFJOBSHADTOBEREWORKEDANDIFANYTEAMFOUNDANEWANDBETTERWAYOFDOINGSOMETHING,THEYKEPTITTOTHEMSELVESFORFEAROFLE
15、SSENINGTHEIRBONUSALTHOUGHTHEPLANINITIALLYIMPROVEDPRODUCTIVITY,WITHPRODUCTIONOUTPUTDOUBLINGINSOMECASES,THEWHOLEPROGRAMMEACTUALLYDESTROYEDANYFEELINGOFTEAMWORKORCOMPANYWIDESPIRITWHATSOLARPRESSFOUNDOUTWASTHATINTERNALCOMPETITIONHADSETOFFRIVALRIES,WHICHCREATEDQUALITYPROBLEMS,ANDULTIMATELYHURTTHECOMPANYMOR
16、ETHANITHELPEDTHEINCENTIVEPLANWASFINALLYSCRAPPEDFORONETHATREWARDEDEVERYONEFORBOTTOMLINERESULTSASWELLASINDIVIDUALPERFORMANCETHECOMPANYSMANAGEMENTCONCLUDEDTHATALTHOUGHTHENEWINCENTIVEPLANWASWELLRECEIVEDBYTHEEMPLOYEES,IFITDOESNOTWORK,YOUHAVETOBEWILLINGTOFACEUPTOWHATISWRONGWITHTHESYSTEMANDSTARTAGAINGENERA
17、LHEALTHINCFOUNDITSELFINASIMILARSITUATIONTHECOMPANYSETUPABONUSPROGRAMMEWHEREEMPLOYEESWEREPROMISEDTHATIFTHEYHITTHESALESTARGET,THEYWOULDALLGETANEXTRAMONTHSPAYTHEPLANWASINCREDIBLYMOTIVATINGACCORDINGTOTHEOWNERJIMBERNSTEINUNFORTUNATELY,ITWORKEDTOOWELLTHECOMPANYBEGANBOOKINGBUSINESSFASTERTHANEVERBEFOREBUTAS
18、SALESINCREASED,SODIDTHEEXPENSESOFGENERATINGANDSERVICINGTHENEWACCOUNTSTHENEWVOLUMEWASCREATINGAMAZINGPRESSURESTOSPENDMONEYONNEWPRODUCTLITERATURE,COMPUTERSANDSUPPORTSTAFFTHEONCEPROFITABLECOMPANYBEGANLOSINGMONEYFORTUNATELY,THEPROBLEMSWERERECOGNIZEDEARLYANDANEWINCENTIVEPLANWASINSTALLEDWHICHBALANCEDTHEDES
19、IREFORGROWTHWITHTHENEEDTOCONTROLCOSTSANDMAINTAINADEQUATECASHFLOWTYPESOFINCENTIVEPAYPLANSPROFITSHARINGTHEMOSTWIDELYUSEDFORMOFINCENTIVECOMPENSATIONISPROFITSHARINGMORETHAN30PERCENTOFUSCOMPANIESHAVEIT,WITH85PERCENTOFTHESEDEFERRINGATLEASTPARTOFTHEBONUSESBYPUTTINGTHEMINTOEMPLOYEERETIREMENTFUNDSHOWEVER,MOR
20、EFIRMSAREPAYINGEMPLOYEESINCASHBECAUSETHEIMMEDIATEREWARDHELPSTOHOLDDOWNWAGEINCREASESANDTHETAXREFORMACTOF1986,WHICHLOWEREDTHETAXRATES,HASMADECASHCOMPENSATIONMOREACCEPTABLEUNDERATYPICALPROFITSHARINGPLAN,EMPLOYEESRECEIVEAVARYINGANNUALBONUSBASEDONCORPORATEPROFITSTHEADVANTAGESTOTHISTYPEOFPLANARETHATTHEINC
21、ENTIVEFORMULAISSIMPLEANDEASYTOCOMMUNICATE,ITISGUARANTEEDTOBEAFFORDABLEBECAUSEITONLYPAYSWHENTHEFIRMISSUFFICIENTLYPROFITABLE,ANDITUNITESTHEFINANCIALINTERESTOFOWNERSANDEMPLOYEESTHECOMMONLYHELDBELIEFAMONGCORPORATIONSISTHATPROFITSHARINGWILLINCREASEPRODUCTIVITYHOWEVER,MOSTCOMPENSATIONEXPERTSBELIEVETHATPRO
22、FITSHARINGISNOTANEFFECTIVEMOTIVATORBECAUSEMOSTEMPLOYEESHAVELITTLEINFLUENCEONPROFITSFINANCIALDECISIONSSUCHASTAKINGONDEBT,PRICINGCHANGESORTAXESCANCHANGETHEENTIREPROFITPICTURECOMPENSATIONCONSULTANTSTOWERSPERRINFOUNDTHATINCENTIVEPLANSWORKBESTWHENEMPLOYEESCANACTUALLYSEEHOWTHEYINFLUENCETARGETS,ASINTHECASE
23、OFREDUCINGREWORKEXPENSEORINCREASINGPRODUCTIVITYPROFITSHARINGMAYPROVIDEANINCENTIVEFORTOPMANAGEMENTBUTTOMOTIVATETHOSEONTHESHOPFLOOR,MOREJOBSPECIFICINCENTIVESAREINORDERGAINSHARINGONETYPEOFINCENTIVEPLANWHICHISSIMPLETOUNDERSTANDANDALLOWSWORKERSTOSEEHOWTHEYAREINFLUENCINGTHEIRTARGETSISGAINSHARINGALTHOUGHGA
24、INSHARINGHASBEENAROUNDSINCETHE1930S,ITISEXPERIENCINGACOMEBACKASCOMPANIESATTEMPTTOUSEPAYASATOOLTODRIVERESULTSGAINSHARINGISABROADTERMTHATREFERSTOPROGRAMMESTHATREWARDEMPLOYEESFORIMPROVEDOUTPUTTHESEPLANSTENDTOPAYOUTASOFTENASMONTHLY,SOTHATEMPLOYEESCONSISTENTLYSEEARELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEBONUSESANDTHEIRPERF
25、ORMANCEWHENATEAMORUNITEXCEEDSPREDETERMINEDTARGETS,SUCHASIMPROVEDPRODUCTIVITY,QUALITYANDCUSTOMERSERVICE,ALLTEAMMEMBERSGETBONUSESTOBEEFFECTIVETHESETARGETSMUSTBEMEASURABLE,MANAGEMENTMUSTBEWILLINGTOSHARECONFIDENTIALPRODUCTIVITYANDFINANCIALINFORMATION,ANDENCOURAGEEMPLOYEESINVOLVEMENTBYINCLUDINGTHEMINTHED
26、ESIGNOFTHEPLANTHEADVANTAGESOFGAINSHARINGARETHATITCANENHANCECOORDINATIONANDTEAMWORK,EMPLOYEESCANLEARNMOREABOUTTHEBUSINESSANDFOCUSONOBJECTIVES,ANDTHEYALSOWORKHARDERANDMOREINTELLIGENTLYAWORDOFCAUTION,HOWEVERCOMPANIESWITHPLANSTHATFOCUSONLYONONEGOALMAYFINDTHEIREMPLOYEESIGNORINGOTHERIMPORTANTOBJECTIVES,SU
27、CHASMAINTENANCEANDQUALITY,ASWASTHECASEWITHSOLARPRESSANDGENERALHEALTHANEXAMPLEOFASUCCESSFULGAINSHARINGPLANCANBEFOUNDATNUCOR,A1BILLIONAYEAR,NONUNIONSTEELMAKERTHECOMPANYINSTALLEDAGAINSHARINGPLANATITSFIVESTEELMILLSWORKERSEARNWEEKLYBONUSESBASEDONTHENUMBEROFTONSOFACCEPTABLEQUALITYSTEELTHEIRPRODUCTIONTEAMH
28、ASPRODUCEDALTHOUGHBASEWAGESAREHALFTHEUNIONRATE,BECAUSEOFBONUSESTHEAVERAGEWORKEREARNS2,000MORETHANHIS/HERUNIONCOUNTERPARTSASANINCENTIVETOARRIVEONTIME,WORKERSWHOARELATELOSETHEIRBONUSESFORTHEDAYWORKERSWHOAREMORETHAN30MINUTESLATELOSETHEIRBONUSESFORTHEWEEKGAINSHARINGPROGRAMMESHAVEALSOBECOMEPOPULARINTHESE
29、RVICEINDUSTRYWITHLABOURCOSTSCOMPRISING6070PERCENTOFOPERATINGEXPENSES,EMPLOYERSAREUSINGTHISTYPEOFINCENTIVETOKEEPTHEBASEPAYANDRELATEDBENEFITSLOWERWHILESTILLMOTIVATINGEMPLOYEESATADMINISTRATIVECONCEPTSINC,ABENEFITSCONSULTINGFIRM,LABOURCOSTSHAVEDROPPEDBYMORETHAN10PERCENTSINCEAGAINSHARINGPLANWASINTRODUCED
30、EMPLOYEESAREALSOTAKINGAKEENERINTERESTINCOMPANYOPERATIONSANDARELOOKINGOUTFORWAYSTOCUTOTHERNONLABOURCOSTSPAYFORKNOWLEDGEANOTHERWAYTOMOTIVATETHENONMANAGEMENTEMPLOYEEISTOADOPTAPAYFORKNOWLEDGEINCENTIVEPLANTHISTYPEOFPLANTIESANEMPLOYEESWAGERAISEORBONUSTOTHENUMBEROFTASKSWHICHCANBEDONEREGARDLESSOFTHEJOBPERFO
31、RMEDFOREXAMPLE,NORTHERNTELECOMSPBXSWITCHPLANTINSANTACLARA,CALIFORNIA,AWARDSINCREASESTOWORKERSONLYWHENTHEYLEARNNEW“SKILLBLOCKS“,SUCHASCIRCUITBOARDPREPARATIONORSYSTEMTESTINGTHEADVANTAGESOFTHISTYPEOFINCENTIVEPLANARETHATEMPLOYEESBECOMEMOREFLEXIBLEANDTHECOMPANYCANOPERATEWITHALEANERSTAFFTHEWORKERSALSOHAVE
32、ABROADERPERSPECTIVE,WHICHMAKESTHEMMOREADEPTATPROBLEMSOLVINGTOMAKETHISTYPEOFINCENTIVEEFFECTIVE,SKILLSMUSTBEIDENTIFIEDANDASSIGNEDAPAYGRADEANDTHECOMPANYMUSTALSOHAVEWELLDEVELOPEDEMPLOYEEASSESSMENTANDTRAININGPROCEDURESONEOFTHEDRAWBACKSOFTHISPLANISTHATMOSTEMPLOYEESWILLEVENTUALLYLEARNALLAPPLICABLESKILLS,WH
33、ICHINTURNRAISESLABOURCOSTSLUMPSUMBONUSANOTHERPOPULARINCENTIVEPLANHASBEENTHELUMPSUMBONUSTHISPLANUSUALLYTAKESTHEPLACEOFAWAGEORSALARYINCREASEANDPAYSEMPLOYEESAONETIMECASHPAYMENTBASEDONPERFORMANCETHISPAYMENTDOESNOTBECOMEPARTOFBASEPAYTHEADVANTAGEOFTHISTYPEOFPLANISTHATITLETSTHECOMPANYCONTROLFIXEDCOSTSBYLIM
34、ITINGPAYINCREASESANDATTENDANTBENEFITINCREASESTHEPROBLEMWITHTHISPLANISTHATMANAGEMENTSOMETIMESAWARDSBONUSESSUBJECTIVELY,SOEMPLOYEESMAYRESENTAWARDSWHICHTHEYCONSIDERTOBEUNFAIRCONCLUSIONALTHOUGHTHISARTICLEPRIMARILYDEALSWITHINCENTIVESFORTHENONMANAGEMENTWORKER,MOSTOFTHECONCEPTSCANSTILLBEAPPLIEDTOUPPERMANAG
35、EMENTINCENTIVEPLANSWHENDEVELOPINGEMPLOYEEINCENTIVEPLANS,THEPRIMARYEMPHASISSHOULDBEONKEEPINGTHEPLANSIMPLEPEOPLEWILLNOTBEMOTIVATEDUNLESSCOMPENSATIONISCLEARLYANDSIMPLYLINKEDTOPERFORMANCETHEREWARDSSHOULDBESUBSTANTIALANDOPENENDEDBUTBASEDONAPERCENTAGEOFTHEPROFITSORGOALSACHIEVED,ANDTHEINCENTIVESHOULDBELINK
36、EDTOONLYWHATTHEWORKERORMANAGERCANCONTROLTHECOMPANYSHOULDALSOHAVEACLEARSTRATEGYABOUTWHATITHOPESTOACCOMPLISHWITHTHEINCENTIVEPLANIFTHEPLANDOESNOTBALANCEALLTHEOBJECTIVESOFTHECOMPANY,ITMIGHTACTUALLYCAUSEMOREHARMTHANGOODMONEYISSTILLAPRIMEMOTIVATIONALTOOLEMPLOYEESWHOWANTMOREPAYANDWHOBELIEVETHATINCREASEDPRO
37、DUCTIVITYWILLRESULTINMOREPAYWILLWORKHARDERANDSMARTERTOGETITINCENTIVESFOCUSEMPLOYEESATTENTIONONRESULTS,WHILEENCOURAGINGINDIVIDUALINITIATIVE,INNOVATION,ANDEFFICIENCYSOURCEJIMABBOTT,BRIANHKLEINERINCENTIVEPAYNOTJUSTFORTOPMANAGEMENTEMERALDBACKFILES,200741P16P19译文激励薪酬不仅为了高层管理者为了在竞争日益激烈的全球化经济中取得成功,雇主们必须持续地
38、寻找更具创新的方式来降低成本和提高生产效率。在过去的十年中,许多管理专家们写了一个很棒的关于怎样更具竞争优势地经营美国商业的交易,从采用零库存管理哲学,提供上好的客户服务两方面来改变管理者们对待和激励员工的方式。采用最新制造技术或者改善客户服务显然很重要;但是确保任何一家公司能够成功的必要因素之一是保留和激励员工,从总经理到一线生产人员。激励曾只是被用在管理人员身上,但是现在,在近几年人员配置问题严重之后,许多公司把业绩和利润激励看作是让现有员工保证质量和提高生产效率的方式之一,同时给他们更大的控制自己财务命运的权利。为了提高生产效率和利润,几千家公司已经开始试用各种针对那些底层员工的创新性地
39、薪酬计划来提高生产率和降低成本。绩效薪酬计划如用一次性奖金代替基本工资的增长,采用收入分享计划来奖励质量和生产效率的改进,和按知识付薪制度即依据工人所掌握的技能而不是他们所承担的任务来支付薪酬,这些措施都开始代替传统的绩效工资增长和额外津贴。据美国生产效率和质量中心报道说75的雇主现在至少用一种形式的非传统薪酬支付计划,并且大约80的现代支付措施在过去五年已经被采纳了。绩效薪酬的优势今天针对非管理层员工所采取的激励措施有表现有两大特征他们将员工的大部分工资设计为风险工资,并且将其与员工的绩效密切相关。原因是竞争性。激励薪酬不仅能够激励员工生产更多产品,还能够压制工资和相关利润,并且使薪酬成本的
40、上升和下降决定于企业的时运。激励也能够将员工的注意力集中在成果上,同时鼓励个人行动变革和效率。DONALDGUERETTE,时间报警器公司的一位副总裁说,增加动机是他的公司试用绩效薪酬计划的原因之一,他觉得当你有风险报酬时你就能取得更高的绩效。他们希望确保金钱被分配给高绩效者而不是与大家平均分。公共议程基金会的一项调查显示在845名蓝领和白领员工中,有45的人相信工资和绩效没有关联;并且在许多例子中这都是真实的。通常的工资增长与员工实际绩效关系不大;并且在许多公司中,这些增长很自然地变得几乎每个人都有,无论是绩效差的还是高绩效的员工得到的却是相同比例的增长。许多现存的薪酬计划所伴随的另外一个问
41、题,也是许多员工的一个痛点问题是,不管他们多么地努力工作和做了什么,管理层已经在一个高管薪酬基本是开放式的行业平均水平的基础上设置了最高的薪酬增长。在这些方面加薪不允许奖励非凡的绩效。一个人能够异常努力地工作,并且最能被接受的报酬增长是与通货膨胀率增长幅度相同的。这个问题已经出现在许多经理面前,并且许多人已经开始试用新的薪酬计划;但是一个没有事先计划想要完成的任务就改变公司激励计划的措施几乎最后都以失败告终。怎样有效运用激励薪酬计划激励计划应该基于公司连着公司而被设计的,但是要确保计划的成功还有一些指导方针应该遵循。据MARCJWALLACE,JR,一名肯塔基大学的管理学教授说,公司要使激励计
42、划有效实行必须遵循以下五个基本的建议(1)从制定一个清晰的策略开始。应该有一个比较明确和可辨认的目标即公司想要完成什么任务,这些任务必须是被全体员工理解的。(2)集中在一些能被测量的工作上;并且确保管理者知道最佳绩效表现由什么组成和如何去评估它。激励计划在员工能真切地看到他们如何影响目标时运作最有效。(3)分散激励性通过允许个别事业部制定符合他们特殊情况的奖励计划。(4)将激励从基本工资中分离出来。激励薪资应该被一次性支付以强调奖励和绩效之间的密切联系。(5)创造一个“日落”条款。规定计划被改良或者终止的条件,例如一次经营计划的改变或者一种新产品的介绍。这最后一条建议非常重要,必须记住。即使是
43、最好的奖金制度也需要时常改变。当公司发展了,经营转换的需要,或者未料到的事件发生了等情况下。这个计划可能开始能够实现渴望的目标,但是最后可能不能达到管理者最开始预测的效果。一个由NAPERVILLE,ILLINOIS研究调查的SOLARPRESS公司的奖金制度的案例显示,这家公司在过去的六个月3次改变了奖金制度。一个激励体制,只支付团队中生产超额产品员工奖金的制度将带来很多问题,当成产的压力造成团队员工忽略了质量维护时。所以他们的机器装备可能被损坏,而订单却难以保质完成。只关注速度,质量却受损了,并且大量的工作需要翻工;而且当一些团队发现一个新的和更好的工作方法时,他们会保密不告诉其他团队,生
44、怕减少了他们的奖金,虽然计划能够迅速提高生产效率,产量在某种程度上翻了好几倍,这整个计划实际上破坏了所有的团队合作和公司全员精神的感觉。SOLARPRESS发现的是内部竞争引发争执,并带来质量问题,最终给公司造成的伤害远比帮助多。这种激励措施最终将被废弃,由于底线成果和个人表现同样能得到奖励。这家公司的管理人员总结说虽然这种新的激励计划被员工乐意接受,但如果它不能施行,你就必须愿意面对系统出现的问题并重新开始。GENERALHEALTH公司发现自己处在一个类似的情形。这家公司设立了一个奖金计划,即向员工承诺只要他们达到了销售目标就都能获得额外的月工资。据公司的老板JIMBERNSTEIN说这个
45、计划激励效果难以置信的好。不幸的是,它运行的太好了。公司开始预订经营比以前更快了;但是随着销售量增加了,生产和为新账户服务的费用也增加了。新的项目是带来了巨大的压力来花钱买新文学产品、电脑和其他服务人员。这家原本盈利的公司开始变得亏损;幸运的是,问题被及早地发现并实行了一个新的激励措施来平衡了公司发展的渴望和控制成本并保持充足的现金流的需求。几种激励薪酬计划利润分享计划利润分享是被最广泛运用的一种形式的激励薪酬计划。超过30的美国公司都采用它,这些利润的85或者至少一部分奖金被用在员工退休基金上。然而,很多企业用现金支付员工因为即时奖励能够抑制工资增长;并且1986年颁发实施的税务改革法令降低
46、了税率,使得现金货币薪酬更易于被大家接受。在一个典型的利润分享计划下,员工得到一个基于企业利润的每年变化着的奖金。这种激励方案的优点就在于激励配方简单和效果容易传达,它确保公司能担负得起,因为利润分享只是在企业充分盈利的情况下的奖励措施,并且它能将雇主和员工的经济利益结合起来。企业普遍坚持的信仰是利润分享将提高生产效率。然而,大部分薪酬专家认为利润分享不是一个很有效地激励措施,因为大部分的员工对利润只有很小的影响。财政决策例如负债,改变价格和税收都能改变整个收益状况。薪酬顾问TOWERSPERRIN发现激励计划在当员工能够从减少重修工作的花费或者提高生产效率中看到他们怎样影响目标的况下才最有效
47、。利润分享也可以用来激励高层管理者;但是激励那些底层销售人员,需要更具体的工作激励措施。收益分享计划一种容易被理解并能让员工看到他们是怎样影响目标的激励计划是收益分享。虽然收益分享计划从20世纪30年代被运用,经历了一场当企业试图将工资作为工具来达到目的的复出。收益分享是一个很广泛的名词,指的是奖励员工改善绩效的计划。这些计划倾向于每月支付一次奖金,从而让员工持续地看到他们的奖金与绩效是相关的。当一个团队或一个单位超过了他们预先定下的目标,例如改善生产效率,质量和客户服务,所有的团队成员都能获得奖金。为了实施更有效,这些目标必须可测量,管理层必须愿意分享机密的生产和财务信息,并且鼓励员工参与到
48、计划制定中来。收益分享计划的优点在于它能够加强协调和团队合作,员工能够学习到更多业务知识并专注于他们的目标,同时他们会更努力地工作也变得更聪明。但是,还有一句警告,那些实施员工关注于一个目标计划的公司发现他们的员工会忽略其他重要的目标,例如维持和产品质量,这就是SOLARPRESS和GENERALHEALTH公司曾出现的情况。一个成功的收益分享计划可以在NUCOR,一家每年盈利十亿的非联合炼钢厂中看到。这家公司在五家分轧钢厂施行了收益分享计划。工人们获得周奖金基于他们生产小组所生产的合格质量的钢铁的吨数,虽然基本工资是工会的一半,由于奖金,普通工人挣得的比他或者他联合对等的人多2000美元。作
49、为准时到达的一种激励措施,迟到的工人将失去他们当天的奖金,迟到超过三十分钟的工人将失去他们一周的奖金。收益分享计划在服务行业也成为一种流行趋势。随着劳工成本包括百分之六十到七十的营业费用,雇主们正在运用这种形式的激励来保持基本工资和相关福利较低而不影响对员工的激励。在ADMINISTRATIVECONCEPTS公司,一家福利咨询公司,劳工成本降低了不只百分之十自从施行了收益分享计划。员工也在承担一定的利息在公司运营方面和寻找更好的方法降低其他非劳工成本。按知识付薪另外一个激励非管理层员工的方式是采用一种按知识付薪的激励计划。这种计划将员工的工资增长或者奖金与他们所完成的任务数量而不考虑工作绩效紧密相连。例如,北方电信的交换机开关植于美国加州SANTACLARA,奖励只有当工人们学习新技能的“块状区域”,如集成电路准备或系统的检测时才会增加。这种类型的优点是,员工激励方案更加灵活,并且公司能够在员工匮乏的情况下运作。工人们也有一个非常广阔的视角,这使得他们更熟练于解决问题。为了使这种激励措施有效,技能必须被鉴定并指定一个工资支付等级;公司也必须建立一个很好的员工评估和培训的程序。这个计划的一个缺点是大部分员工将最终学会所有能应用的技能,这反过来增加了劳工成本。一次性奖金另外一种流行的激励计划就是一次性奖金。这种计划通常运用在工资或者薪水增长并基于绩效支付给员工一次性的现金