1、本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译外文出处JOURNALOFMANAGEMENT1997,NO3,VOL23P239290/TEAMPERFORMANCEMANAGEMENT1998,NO8,VOL4P3199330外文作者COHEN,SUSANGBAILEY,DIANEE/SAMUELMNATALEANDANTHONYFLIBERTELLA原文WHATMAKESTEAMSWORKGROUPEFFECTIVENESSRESEARCHFROMTHESHOPFLOORTOTHEEXECUTIVESUITETHEMANAGEMENTANDACADEMICPRESSINCREASINGLYEMPHASIZE
2、STHEIMPORTANCEOFTEAMSFORORGANIZATIONALSUCCESSINTHEMODEMECONOMYBOOKSANDARTICLESHAVEBEENWRITTENABOUTHOWTODESIGNEMPOWEREDORSELFDIRECTEDWORKTEAMSWELLINS,BYHAMORSBURN,MORAN,MUSSELWHITE,SUNDSTROM,DEMEUSEANDFUTRELL1990USEDASIMILARDEFINITIONATEAMISACOLLECTIONOFINDIVIDUALSWHOAREINTERDEPENDENTINTHEIRTASKS,WHO
3、SHARERESPONSIBILITYFOROUTCOMES,WHOSEETHEMSELVESANDWHOARESEENBYOTHERSASANINTACTSOCIALENTITYEMBEDDEDINONEORMORELARGERSOCIALSYSTEMSFOREXAMPLE,BUSINESSUNITORTHECORPORATION,ANDWHOMANAGETHEIRRELATIONSHIPSACROSSORGANIZATIONALBOUNDARIESFOREXAMPLE,INAPRODUCTIONWORKTEAM,ONEMEMBERMAYPASSONTHEPRODUCTOFHERWORKTO
4、ANOTHERMEMBERTOWORKON,WITHALLMEMBERSSHARINGRESPONSIBILITYFORTHEQUALITYANDQUANTITYOFTHEFINALOUTPUTTHATISPRODUCEDINAPROJECTTEAM,RESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTENGINEERSMAYWORKITERATIVELYWITHMANUFACTURINGPROCESSENGINEERSTOMAKESURETHATTHEDESIGNSTHATAREBEINGDEVELOPEDCANBEMANUFACTUREDTHETEAMSTENTATIVEDESIGNSMAYBER
5、EVIEWEDBYTHERESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTANDMANUFACTURINGFUNCTIONALMANAGERSBYTHISDEFINITION,ADEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALENGINEERSWHOWORKSONSEPARATEPROJECTSISNOTATEAMTHEENGINEERSWORKINDEPENDENTLYOFEACHOTHER,DONOTSHARERESPONSIBILITYFOROUTCOMES,ANDARENOTINTERDEPENDENTWEUSETHEWORDS“TEAM“AND“GROUP“INTERCHANGEABLYINT
6、HISPAPER,ALTHOUGHWEMOREFREQUENTLYUSETHETERM“TEAM“THEPOPULARMANAGEMENTLITERATUREHASTENDEDTOUSETHETERM“TEAM,“FOREXAMPLE,EMPOWEREDTEAMS,QUALITYIMPROVEMENTTEAMS,ANDTEAMEFFECTIVENESSTHEACADEMICLITERATUREHASTENDEDTOUSETHEWORD“GROUP,“FOREXAMPLE,GROUPCOHESION,GROUPDYNAMICS,ANDGROUPEFFECTIVENESSGROUPSVARYINT
7、HEIRDEGREEOF“GROUPNESS,“WITHSOMEGROUPSBEINGMOREINTERDEPENDENTANDINTEGRATEDTHANOTHERSSOMEAUTHORSHAVEUSEDTHELABEL“TEAM“FORGROUPSTHATDEVELOPAHIGHDEGREEOF“GROUPNESS“SEEFOREXAMPLE,KATZENBACHANDSMITH,1993THISCONVENTIONISNOTYETWIDELYSHAREDAND,THUS,WEDONOTDIFFERENTIATEINOURUSEOFTHESETERMSTYPESOFTEAMSFOURTYP
8、ESOFTEAMSCANBEIDENTIFIEDINORGANIZATIONSTODAY1WORKTEAMS,2PARALLELTEAMS,3PROJECTTEAMS,AND4MANAGEMENTTEAMSEACHOFTHESETYPESFITSOURGENERALDEFINITIONOFATEAMOTHERSOURCESOFFERSLIGHTLYDIFFERENTTYPOLOGIESKATZENBACHMOHRMANETAL,1995SUNDSTROMETAL,1990,BUTTHEIRCATEGORIESOVERLAPWITHOURSFOREXAMPLE,SUNDSTROMETAL1990
9、DIFFERENTIATEBETWEENADVICEANDINVOLVEMENTTEAMS,PRODUCTIONANDSERVICETEAMS,PROJECTANDDEVELOPMENTTEAMS,ANDACTIONANDNEGOTIATIONTEAMSOFTHECATEGORIESINOURTYPOLOGY,WORKTEAMSCORRESPONDTOTHEIRPRODUCTIONANDSERVICETEAMS,PARALLELTEAMSTOTHEIRADVICEANDINVOLVEMENTTEAMS,ANDPROJECTTEAMSCORRESPONDTOTHEIRPROJECTANDDEVE
10、LOPMENTTEAMSWEINCLUDEACATEGORYFORMANAGEMENTTEAMSANDTHEYINCLUDEACATEGORYFORACTIONANDNEGOTIATIONTEAMSPARALLELTEAMSPULLTOGETHERPEOPLEFROMDIFFERENTWORKUNITSORJOBSTOPERFORMFUNCTIONSTHATTHEREGULARORGANIZATIONISNOTEQUIPPEDTOPERFORMWELLLEDFORD,LAWLERSTEINCONSEQUENTLY,COMPANIESAREEXPANDINGTHEIRUSEOFPROJECTTE
11、AMSASARESPONSETOTIMEBASEDCOMPETITIONSTALKTHEYALSOINDIRECTLYINFLUENCETHEMTHROUGHSHAPINGINTERNALANDEXTERNALPROCESSESTHEFRAMEWORKILLUSTRATESTHATGROUPPROCESSESCANBECOMEEMBEDDEDINPSYCHOSOCIALTRAITSSUCHASNORMS,SHAREDMENTALMODELS,ORAFFECTIVESTATESENVIRONMENTALFACTORS,MEANWHILE,HAVEADIRECTINFLUENCEONDESIGNF
12、ACTORSALTOGETHER,ENVIRONMENTALFACTORS,DESIGNFACTORS,INTERNALANDEXTERNALPROCESSES,ANDGROUPPSYCHOSOCIALTRAITSPREDICTEFFECTIVENESSOUTCOMESWESHOULDNOTETHATEFFECTIVENESSOUTCOMESCANRECIPROCALLYINFLUENCEGROUPPROCESSES,PSYCHOSOCIALTRAITSTHATEMERGE,ANDEVENDESIGNFACTORSFOREXAMPLE,THECOMPOSITIONOFTMTSISMORELIK
13、ELYTOCHANGEWHENAFIRMISPERFORMINGBADLYHAMBRICKWEICKBAILEY,DIANEE,1997“WHATMAKESTEAMSWORKGROUPEFFECTIVENESSRESEARCHFROMTHESHOPFLOORTOTHEEXECUTIVESUITE”JOURNALOFMANAGEMENT,VOL,23,NO3,P239290译文团队工作的秘诀车间到行政部门的团体效能研究管理和学术出版日益强调团队在现代经济中对组织成功的重要性。书籍和文章已经写了如何设计授权或以自我为导向的工作团队（WELLINS,BYHAMORSBURN,MORAN,MUSSEL
14、WHITE,MOHRMAN等，1995SUNDSTROM等，1990），但它们的类别与我们重复。例如，SUNDSTROM等（1990年）区分参与团队，生产和服务团队，项目和开发团队，并采取行动和谈判小组等建议。在我们的类型学的类别中，工作团队对应于他们的生产和服务队伍，并行团队对应他们的意见和参与团队，项目团队对应他们的项目和发展团队。我们包括一个管理团队，他们包括一个行动和协商团队。平行团队齐心协力通常从由不同的工作单位或工作的人来执行，规律的组织不一定就能履行好职能（LEDFORD,LAWLERSTEINWEICKROBERTS,1993）和集团影响（GEORGE,1990）的成效。在下面的章节中，我们组织通过观察各团队依次输入我们的研究结果进行讨论工作和平行团队，项目团队和管理团队。在每个小组的讨论中，我们的集团业绩根据我们的启发式集团效力的框架的七类任务的设计，组成设计小组，组织环境设计，环境因素，集团内部流程，外部组织流程和集团心理特征。在每个类别的标题，我们用小标题来表示特定变量进行审查。因此，举例来说，根据工作小组的组成和平行团队类别，我们使用两个小标题第一为我们的研究调查的多样性讨论，及第二次讨论。出处科恩，苏珊G,团队工作的秘诀车间到行政部门的团体效能究；管理学报第23卷（3），1997239290
