1、全国 2011 年 4 月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)试题课程代码:00595I. CAREFUL READINGRead the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each)Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Sport is not only physically chall
2、enging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes (运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can
3、lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn h
4、ow to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart
5、and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In todays youth sport setting, young at
6、hletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters performances.Positive reinforcement (加强) should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that p
7、ositive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.1. An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is _.A. to reduce their mental stressB. to point out their shortcomingsC. to
8、increase their sense of successD. to make sports more challenging2. According to the passage, the sport setting is positive for young people in that _.A. it enables them to find flaws in themselvesB. it helps them learn more about school lifeC. it provides them with valuable experiencesD. it teaches
9、 them how to set realistic goals for themselves3. Many coaches and parents tend to criticize young athletes _.A. so that they train harderB. believing that too much praise is harmfulC. in order to make them remember life lessonsD. without realizing that criticism may destroy their self confidence4.
10、According to the passage, parents and coaches should _.A. train children to cope with stressB. help children to win every gameC. prevent children from repeated failuresD. encourage children to enjoy themselves and sports5. The authors purpose in writing the passage is _.A. to teach young athletes ho
11、w to avoid burnoutB. to persuade young athletes not to worry about criticismC. to stress the importance of positive reinforcement in sportsD. to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragementPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Friedrich Dobl, a Yugoslav (南斯拉夫人)
12、 working in Germany, was annoyed with traffic jams. At long weekends and holiday times when he wanted to get home quickly, he always found himself moving slowly with hundreds of other cars along the crowded foreign workers route through Germany and Austria.How easy it all was for police and emergenc
13、y services! A siren (警报器), a flashing light? And like magic everyone was out of the way. Going home from work one night, he passed a garage. And there in front of him was the answer to his problem. An old ambulance was for sale. The red cross had been removed. But not the flashing light, and the sir
14、en. He tried the light. It flashed magnificently. He tried the siren. That too sounded impressive. He bought the ambulance and opened up for himself a dream world of motoring.It began early in the morning, all his luggage in the back of the ambulance and the motorway in Germany looking reasonably cl
15、ear. Soon, as always, a long line of traffic appeared ahead. He switched on the flashing light and set off the siren. Cars swiftly slowed and pulled off the fast lane. Other cars stopped and drivers waved him ahead to an open road all his own. In record time he crossed the border into Austria. His t
16、rick was working. Police even waved him through the confusion caused by an accident.But then the Yugoslav made his bad mistake. Until then he had only stopped for petrol. Now he was driving past a real accident, lights flashing, too late to realize that it was not another traffic jam as he assumed.
17、They stopped him, and after hearing the story of his ride across two countries fined him 12.5 pounds.6. At long weekends and holiday times Friedrich Dobl used to _.A. drive home in GermanyB. meet other foreign workersC. get caught in terrible traffic jamsD. get to the workplace by a quick route7. Th
18、e reason why Dobl decided to buy the ambulance was that _.A. he had always wanted oneB. he wanted to sell it at a higher priceC. he liked the red cross and the flashing lightD. he knew that other cars would make way for an ambulance8. In what condition was the ambulance he bought?A. It was shabby an
19、d untidy.B. The siren worked wonderfully.C. The light did not flash properly.D. The red cross was vaguely seen.9. Armed with the ambulance, Dobl found that _.A. all the cars stopped and made way for himB. the police were busy clearing the way of trafficC. it was such fun to get out of the traffic co
20、nfusion in GermanyD. he could cross the border into Austria in the shortest possible time10. The most appropriate title for the story would be _.A. “A Happy Drive!“ B. “A Tough Drive!“C. “A Safe Way Home?“ D. “A Quick Way Home?“Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.If it wer
21、e only necessary to decide whether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to find the gifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairly simple. The public school system, however, has no such choice, for the jobs must be carried on at the same time. Because
22、we depend heavily upon science and technology for our progress, we must produce specialists in many fields. Because we live in a democratic nation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, large numbers of us must be educated to understand, to support, and when necessary, to judge the work o
23、f experts. The public school must educate both producers and users of scientific services.In education, there should be a good balance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment. Such a balance is defeated by too much emphasis on any other field. This que
24、stion of balance involves not only the relation of the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative emphasis among the natural sciences themselves.Similarly, we must have a balance between current and classical knowledge.The attention of the public is continually drawn to th
25、e discovery of new knowledge; it should not be allowed to turn our attention away from the sound, established materials that form the basis of courses for beginners.11. According to the 1 st paragraph, the task of education is fairly complicated because _.A. the public school has no choice of what t
26、o teachB. it is difficult to choose what to teach in public schoolsC. the current public school system is too complex to be understoodD. the educators have to take care of both ordinary and gifted students12. Which of the following is NOT included in the passage?A. A democratic nation needs a lot of
27、 well-educated citizens.B. We depend much on science and technology for our progress.C. The educators are required to lay emphasis on some particular field.D. Elementary science should be taught on a mass basis in public schools.13. According to the author, the balance among the branches of knowledg
28、e is very necessary because such a balance _.A. would benefit the growth of gifted studentsB. would ensure the students grasp of new knowledgeC. involves both the natural sciences and the social sciencesD. facilitates the training of effective reasoning and wise decision-making14. What can be inferr
29、ed from the last paragraph?A. Most people take great interest in classical knowledge.B. Sufficient attention should be given to basic knowledge.C. The discovery of new knowledge is particularly important.D. Classical knowledge is more popular than current knowledge.15. The passage centers on _.A. th
30、e balance in educationB. the importance of educationC. the balance between basic and new knowledgeD. the balance among different branches of knowledgePassage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Regular interaction or familiarity seems to increase liking; often, the people we inter
31、act with the most are simply those who are closest to us. A classic study by Festinger found that residents of an apartment complex tended to interact with, and like those who happened to live on the same floor more than those who lived on other floors or in other buildings. The researcher did not a
32、nalyze this phenomenon in terms of the development of in-group versus out-group perceptions and biases, but such an analysis might prove interesting. Likewise, when classroom seating is alphabetical (依字母顺序的), students are more likely to be friends with people who share the same initial.There are two
33、 major explanations for the relation between proximity (接近) and liking. The first is simple availability. If most people are nice and easy enough to approach, it follows that proximity will determine who you get to know and, therefore, like. The second explanation is based on the mere exposure effec
34、t, that is, simple familiarity increases liking for a person or object that is not necessarily likeable. The mere exposure effect has been demonstrated in the laboratory with some meaningless syllables, which people find more pleasing after they have repeated them several times. It seems reasonable
35、to conclude that repeated exposure to people in proximity to us leads us to like them more.16. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Liking and Similarity.B. Proximity and Liking.C. Availability and Friendship.D. Interaction and Relationship.17. According to the passage, the re
36、searcher studies the phenomenon on the basis of _.A. perceptions of membershipB. the development of friendshipC. in-group versus out-group biasesD. the degree of familiarity among people18. The organizational pattern of the passage can be best described as _.A. opinion-proofB. problem-solutionC. phe
37、nomenon-reasonD. comparison-contrast19. The experiment on the meaningless syllables is intended to demonstrate that _.A. most people are friendly at first sightB. simple familiarity increases liking for a personC. students will definitely become friends in the classroom settingD. irritation with som
38、eone at the first meeting usually leads to disliking20. According to the passage, all the following statements are true EXCEPT that _.A. we tend to interact with people closest to usB. teachers like the students seated in the frontC. interaction is more likely to happen between neighborsD. we tend t
39、o like people who share our attitudes and opinionsII. SPEED READINGSkim or scan the following passages, and then decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each)Passage 5Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage.Ever since humans ha
40、ve inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and i
41、deas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols are very colorful and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot.Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A
42、wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction.Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and sm
43、oke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn and instruct people.While verbalization is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.21. All of the following can be used internationally EXCEPT _.A. spelling B. motions C. sign la
44、nguage D. picture signs22. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. There are many forms of communication in existence.B. Verbalization is the most common form of communication.C. The deaf and the mute use a verbal form of communication.D. Body language may be equally effective
45、 in transmitting ideas or thoughts.23. Besides oral speech, which form of communication is most commonly used by the blind people?A. Braille. B. Signal flags. C. Body language. D. Gestures.24. How many forms of communication are mentioned in the third paragraph?A. Seven. B. Six. C. Five. D. Four.25.
46、 Which of the following best summarizes this passage?A. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts more quickly.B. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts more accurately.C. Nonlinguistic language is more expressive than verbalization.D. Nonlinguistic language also expresses human thoughts and feel
47、ings.Passage 6Questions 26-30 are based on the following passage.American workers continue to demand shorter and shorter working hours each week. The possibility of a four-day working week is now being seriously considered; some companies are already experimenting with it. Since machines have helped
48、 to reduce the time needed for work, at the office, factory, and in the home, men and women have more leisure time today than ever before in the countrys history.It is tree that much leisure is used in play. America is a country of sports-of hunting, fishing and swimming, and of team sports like bas
49、eball and football. Millions of Americans watch their favorite sport on television, play in community orchestras, make their own films or recordings, go camping, visit museums, attend lectures, travel, garden, read, and join in hundreds of other activities.America is a “do-it-yourself“ country. The people enjoy building things for their homes, sewing their own clothes, even making their own photographs. They do these things for fun as well as for economy.But as much as Americans enjoy their free tim
