1、Quizzes for Biology course by Wen-Chin Yang 12/25/20181期中考 (楊文欽老師部分)期中考時間 : 94 年 4 月 28 日(星期四)下午 5:30 至 7:00範圍 : Compbell biology 6e, CH43, 44, 45形式 : 35 題選擇 (一題 2 分), 6 題簡答(一題 5 分)語言 : 英文選擇及簡答題來自課本習題 (self-quiz 及光碟上之習題)任何有關問題請問林雅真助教或楊文欽老師Ch 43 Self-Quiz1. An Rh-positive baby is born to an Rh-nagati
2、ve mother. The mother is treated with antibodies specific for the Rh factor in order to a. protect her from an inappropriate immune responseb. prevent her from generating memory B cells specific for the Rh factor.c. protect her future Rh-positive babies.d. induce an immune response to Rh antibodies.
3、e. both b and c.2. Which of the following results in long-term immunity?a. the passage of maternal antibodies to her developing fetus.b. the inflammatory response to a splinter.c. the administration of serum obtained from people immune to rabies.d. the administration of the chicken pox vaccine.e. th
4、e passage of maternal antibodies to her nursing infant. 3. Which of the following is not part of the bodys nonspecific defense system?a. natural killer (NK)cellsb. inflammationc. phagocytosis by neutrophilsd. phagocytosis by macrophagese. antibodies4. Which of the following molecules is incorrectly
5、paired with a source?a. lysozyme-tearsb. interferons-virus-infected cellsc. interleukin-1-macrophagesd. perforins-cytotoxic T cellse. immunoglobulins-helper T cells5. HIV targets include all of the following except a. macrophages.b. cytotoxic T cells.c. helper T cells.Quizzes for Biology course by W
6、en-Chin Yang 12/25/20182d. cells bearing CD4 and fusin.e. cells bearing CD4 and CCR5.6. Which of the following best describes the difference in the way B cells and cytotoxic T cells respond to invaders ?a. B cells confer active immununity; cytotoxic T cells confer passive immunity.b. B cells kill vi
7、ruses directly; cytotoxic T cells kill virus-infected cells.c. B cells secrete antibodies against a virus; cytotoxic T cells kill virus-infected cells.d. B cells accomplish cell-mediated immunity; cytotoxic T cells accomplish humoral immunity.e. B cells respond the first time the invader is present;
8、 cytotoxic T cells respond subsequent times.7. Which of the following is a characteristic of the early stages of local inflammation?a. precapillary arteriole constriction.b. fever c. attack by cytotoxic T cellsd. release of histaminee. antibody-complement-mediated lysis of microbes8. An epitope asso
9、ciates with which part of an antibody?a. the antibody-binding site.b. the heavy-chain constant regions only c. the variable regions of a heavy chain and light chain combined.d. the light-chain constant region only.e. the antibody tail.9. Which of the following is not true about helper T cells?a. the
10、y function in both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses.b. they recognize polysaccharide fragments presented by class II MHC molecules.c. they bear surface CD4 molecules.d. they are subject to infection by HIV.e. when activated, they secrete IL-2 and other cytokines.10. Indicate whether each o
11、f the following choices is descriptive of a B cell (B), cytotoxic T cell (Tc), helper T cell (TH), or macrophage(M), A single feature may be desicriptive of more than one type of cell.a. develops into an antibodies-secreting plasma cellb. is phagocyticc. bears antigen receptors called immunoglobulin
12、s.d. bears the surface molecule CD4e. bears the surface molecule CD8Quizzes for Biology course by Wen-Chin Yang 12/25/20183f. is an important component of nonspecific responses.g. produces cytokines such as interleukin-2 that boost both humoral and cell-mediated responsesh. mediates specific recogni
13、tion of and response to a particular antigen.i. bears surface TDR and CD3.j. kills virus-infected cells.11. Indicate whether each of the following statement is consisitent (C) or inconsistent (I) with your understanding of immune reactions.a. When antibodies bind to a bacterium, they directly kill i
14、t within seconds.b. Autoantibodies are a normal response to ones own biological molecules.c. Complement activation can result in bacterial cell lysisd. Invertebrate immune systems can distinguish self from nonself.e. The secondary immune response is slower and weaker than the primary immune response
15、.f. One way that antibodies mediate the death of bacteria is by activating the complement system.12. Complete each of the following statements with the appropriate term or terma from this list: helper T cells, cytotoxic T cell, antibodies, B cells, class I MHC, II MHC, cytokines, complement. Some te
16、rms may be used more than once: others may not be used at all.a. Gamma interferon induces virus-infected cells to put more than the usual number of class I MHC moleculse on their surfaces.This improves the ability of_to detect the infected cells.b. The activation of _ in culture could be measured by
17、 testing how much interleukin-2 they produce.c. The activation of B cells in response to an immunization can be measured by testing blood for increased levels of _.d. When macrophages phagocytose viruses, they present viral antigen-associated with _molecules to helper T cells.e. A type of severe com
18、bined immune deficiency disease results from the hack of functional interleukin-2 receptors. The severity of this disease is not surprising given that _require both binding to foreign antigen and interleukin-2 in order to be fully activated.13. Matching:a. Carries out humoral immunityb. Contains his
19、tamines that trigger allergy symptomsc. Cell type most commonly infected by HIV.NeutrophilCytotoxic T cellB cellLymphocyteMemory B cellHelper T cellMast cellQuizzes for Biology course by Wen-Chin Yang 12/25/20184d. Kill virus-infected body cellse. A phagocytic white blood cellf. A long-lived cell th
20、at provides for faster secondary immune responses g. A general term for leukocytes capable ofspecific antigen recognition. 14. Indicate the kind of defense to which each of the following terms or phrases apply, using N for nonspecific defense, H for humoral defense, and C for cell-mediated defense.a
21、. the production of antibodies.b. the specific recognition and direct killing of virus-infected cells.c. phagocytosis by neutrophilsd. T cells are mainly responsible. e. B cells are mainly responsible.f. feverg. inflammationh. phagocytosis by macrophages.15. For each statement about HIV and AIDS, in
22、dicate whether it is true (T) or false (F)a. Entry of HIV into T cell requires two coreceptors, CD4 and fusin.b. Only T cell with CD4 are infected by HIV c. HIV is a retrovirus.d. CCR4 and fusin normally act as cytokine receptors e. A person with HIV might transmit it to another person through a han
23、dshake.f. Protease inhibitors block a step in the production of HIV.g. Opportunistic infections occur when immune responses are diminished, as in AIDS.h. Donated blood is routinely screened for the presenceof antibodies to HIV.Ch 44 Self-Quiz1. Unlike an earthworms metanephridia, a mammalian nephron
24、 a. is intimately associated with a capillary network.b. forms urine by changing the composition of fluid inside the tubule.c. functions in both osmoregulation and the excretion of nitrogenous wastes.d. processes blood instead of coelomic fluid.e. has a transport epithelium.2. The majority of water
25、and salt filtered into Bowmans capsule is reabsorbed bya. the transport epithelia of the proximal tubule.b. diffusion from the descending limb of the loop of Henle intothe Quizzes for Biology course by Wen-Chin Yang 12/25/20185hyperosmotic interstitial fluid of the medulla.c. active transport across
26、 the transport epithelium of the thick upper segment of the ascending limb of the loop Henle.d. selective secretion and diffusion across the distal tubule.e. diffusion from the collecting duct into the increasing osmotic gradient of the renal medulla.3. The high osmolarity of the renal medulla is ma
27、intained by all of the following excepta. diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.b. active transport of slat from the upper region of the ascending limb.c. the spatial arrangement of juxtamedullary nephrons.d. diffusion of urea from the collecting duct e. diffusion of salt fr
28、om the descending limb of the loop of Henle.4. Select the pair in which the nitrogenous waste is incorrectly matched with the benefit of its excretion a. urea - low toxicity relative to ammomia.b. uric acid - can be stored as precipitatec. ammomia - very solubole in water d. uric acid - miminmal los
29、s of water when excreted e. urea - very insoluble in water 5. Which of the following is not a mechanism for reducing the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment ?a. feather or fur b. vasoconstriction c. nonshivering thermogenesis d. countercurrent heat exchanger e. blubber or fat
30、 layer 6. An animals inputs of energy and materials would exceed its outputs a. if the animal is an endotherm, which must always take in more energy because of its high metabolic rate.b. if it is actively foraging for food c. if it is hibernating d. if it is gowing and increasing its biomass.e. neve
31、r - homeostasis makes these energy and material budgets always balance.7. Which of the following correctly describes a case of odmoregulation?a. body fluids that are isoosmotic with the external environmentb. dischange of excess water in a hypoosmotic environment c. excrtion of energy to convert amm
32、ionia to lass toxic wastesQuizzes for Biology course by Wen-Chin Yang 12/25/20186d. excretion of salt in a hypoosmotic environment e. secretion of drugs and reabsorption of nutrients by the procimal.8. Which process in the nephron is least selectve?a. secretionb. reabsorptionc. active transportd. fi
33、ltratione. salt pumping by the loop of Henle.9. You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and quite constant body temperature. How would you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an ectotherm?a. You know from its high and constant body temperature that it must be an endoth
34、ermb. You know that it is an endotherm because it is not a bird or mammal.c. You subject this reptile to various temperatures in the lab and find that its body temperature and metabolic are changes with the ambient temperature. You conclude that it is an ectotherm.d. You note that its environment ha
35、s a high and constant temperature. Because its body temperature matches the environmental temperature, you conclude that it is an ectotherm.e. You measure the metabolic rate of the reptile, and because it is higher than that of a related species that lives in temperate forests, you conclude that thi
36、s reptile is an endotherm and its relative is an ectotherm.10. The vertebrate liver functions in all of the following regulatory processes except a. osmoregulation by varable excration of slatsb. maintenance of blood sugar concentrationc. detoxification of harmful substancesd. production of nitrogen
37、ous wastes.e. caloric storage in the from of glycogen 11. why doesnt your sleep qualify as a short hibernation?12. Contrast osmoconforming and osmoregulating as mechanisms of homeostasis.13. Why is ammonia safe as the main nitrogenous waste for most aquatic animals?14. Some of the drugs classified a
38、s diuretics make the epithelium of the collecting duct less permeable to water. How would this affect kidney function?15. What role does the liver play in the bodys processing of nitrogenous waste? Ch 45 Self-Quiz1. Which of the following is not an accurate statement about hormones?Quizzes for Biolo
39、gy course by Wen-Chin Yang 12/25/20187a. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel to target cells through the circulatory system.b. Hormones often regulate homeostasis through antagonistic functions. c. Hormones of the same chemical class usually have the same function. d. Hormones are secreted
40、by specialized cells usually located in endocrine glands.e. Hormones are often regulated through feedback loops.2. A distinctive feature of the mechanism of action of thyroid hormones and steroid hormones is thata. these hormones are regulated by feedback loops.b. target cells react more rapidly to
41、these hormones than to local regulators.c. these hormones bind with specific receptor proteins on target-cell plasma membranes.d. these hormones bind to receptors inside cells.e. these hormones affect metabolism.3. The relationship between the insect hormones ecdysone and brain hormone a. is an exam
42、ple of the interaction between the endocrine and nervous systems.b. illustrates homeostasis achieved by positive feedbackc. demonstrates that peptide-derived hormones have more widespread effects than steroidal hormones.d. illustrates homeostasis maintained by antagonistic hormones. e. demonstrates
43、competitive inhibition for the hormone receptor.4. Growth factors are local regulators that a. are produced by the anterior pituitary. b. are modified fatty acids that stimulate bone and cartilage growth. c. are found on the surface of cancer cells and stimulate abnormal cell division.d. are protein
44、s that bind to cell surface receptors and stimulate target-cell growth and development.e. include histamines and interleukins and are necessary for cellular differentiation.5. Which of the following hormones is incorrectly paired with its action? a. oxytocinstimulates uterine contractions during chi
45、ldbirth b. thyroxinestimulates metabolic processes c. insulinstimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver d. ACTHstimulates the release of glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortexe. melatoninaffects biological rhythms, seasonal reproduction6. An example of antagonistic hormones controlling homeostasis is
46、Quizzes for Biology course by Wen-Chin Yang 12/25/20188a. thyroxine and parathyroid hormone in calcium balance. b. insulin and glucagon in glucose metabolism.c. progestins and estrogens in sexual differentiation.d. epinephrine and norepinephrine in fight-or-flight responses. e. oxytocin and prolacti
47、n in milk production.7. Which of the following is not an example of the close structural and functional relationship between the nervous and endocrine systems?a. the secretion of hormones by neurosecretory cells b. the multiple functions of norepinephrine c. the stimulation of the adrenal medulla in
48、 the short-term response to stressd. the embryonic development of the posterior pituitary from the hypothalamus e. the alteration of gene expression by steroid hormones8. A portal vessel carries blood from the hypothalamus directly to the a. thyroid, b. pineal gland, c. anterior pituitary.d. posteri
49、or pituitary. e. thymus. 9. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for hypothy-roidism in a patient whose iodine level is normal?a. a disproportionate production ofT3 to T4b. hyposecretion of TSHc. hypersecretion of TSHd. hypersecretion of MSHe. a decrease in the thyroid secretion of calcitonin10. The mai
