1、1硕士学位论文（20 届）身份犯相关问题研究兼评刑法修正案（七） 受贿罪条款部分的修改姓 名学 科 、 专 业 法 律 硕 士 （ 全 日 制 法 律 硕 士 ）研 究 方 向 刑 法 学指 导 教 师论文提交日期2身份犯相关问题研究兼评刑法修正案（七） 受贿罪条款部分的修改（硕士论文摘要）2009 年 2 月 28 日， 中华人民共和国刑法修正案（七） 正式公布施行，该修正案第十三条对受贿罪第 388 款进行了补充修改，规定在一定情形下，可以把不具有国家工作人员身份的国家工作人员的近亲属、其他与该国家工作人员关系密切的人、离职的国家工作人员或者其近亲属以及其他与其关系密切的人这五类人单独作为
2、受贿罪的主体。鉴于这一修改条款在受贿罪条文下，而贪污类犯罪的主体又只局限于国家工作人员这类具有特定身份的人，故两者间存在矛盾之处。一时间，受贿罪主体的身份问题再次成为刑法理论界密切关注的焦点。本文试通过研究身份犯的相关问题，对刑法修正案（七） 受贿罪条款部分的修改作出评价。全文共四个部分，包括身份犯的一般理论，身份犯在学理上的基本分类，混合身份共犯问题， 刑法修正案（七） 草案与正式稿关于受贿罪条款部分的修改。第一部分，身份犯的一般理论。本章主要讨论了刑法中身份犯的概念和本质。在讨述了大陆法系、英美法系对身份犯概念的不同认识后，结合我国大陆刑法界对身份犯概念的看法，提出身份犯的概念，即身份犯是
3、指刑法规定的、以行为人所具有的特定身份为犯罪构成要件或量刑情节的犯罪。之所以规定身份犯与普通犯的刑事责任的不同处罚，是由身份犯的本质决定的。学界关于身份犯的本质有三种学说：法益侵害说、义务违反说、折中说。第二部分，身份犯在学理上的基本分类。为了对身份犯的本质有更加深入地理解，本章对身份犯的类型做了以下划分：纯正身份犯和不纯正身份犯、自然身份犯和法定身份犯、定式身份犯与不定式身份犯、排他性身份犯与非排他性身份。并着重了探讨了身份犯的基本分类即纯正身份犯与不纯正身份犯在具体范围认定上存在的争议，以及笔者对此的评价。第三部分，混合身份共犯问题。本章主要论述了混合身份共犯的概念以及其刑事责任的承担。笔
4、者探究了共犯从属性说与共犯独立性说在大陆法系国家3中对混合身份共犯的影响，并在评析我国刑法理论界的“主犯罪质决定说” 、“分别定罪说” 、 “具体分析说”以及“身份犯罪质决定说”的基础上，笔者提出“分别定罪说”的运用将更适合维护“罪刑法定”原则。第四部分， 刑法修正案（七） 草案与正式稿关于受贿罪条款部分的修改。草案出台后学界对此修改条款存在赞成与反对两种意见，赞成一方主要从我国司法实践的需要出发，而反对一方主要考虑了理论本身存在的矛盾。 刑法修正案（七） 颁布后相关专家就草案阶段存在的争议问题提出了解释。笔者分别在这两个阶段，就上述争议提出自己的看法。关键词 身份犯 身份共犯 受贿罪主体1R
5、esearch on the Crime of Status The comment on the modification of the terms of bribery crime of The amendment to Criminal law (seven)（Master essay abstract）On February 28, 2009 The amendment to Criminal law(seven)came into effect .It modified the Article 388 of criminal law by the article 13 of the
6、amendment. It permits that the criminal law could take not only the officer but also the non-officer which include the officers relatives, the intimate of the officer, the dimission officer, the relatives and the intimate of the former as the subject of the bribery crime. For the moment, the status
7、of the subject of the bribery crime became the focus of the criminal law theory. Because it exits the contradiction between the modified term which belongs to the bribery crime and the subject of the corruption which is confined to the officer. The thesis makes comments on the modification of the te
8、rm of the bribery crime of The amendment to Criminal law (seven) through the research on the crime of status.The thesis include four parts: the general theory of the status crime, the fundamental categories on theory of the status crime, the crime jointly committed by the one who has particular stat
9、us with those who have not ,the draft and the amendment of the modification of the terms of the bribery crime of The amendment to Criminal law (seven).and it as follows:The first part , the general theory of the status crime. The author mainly studies the concept and the essence of the status crime.
10、 After discussing the different knowledge of the concept of the status crime on both continental legal system and Anglo-American Legal System, the author put forward the concept of the status crime with the view of academic circles of our country, the status crime is those who have particular status
11、 committed crimes by taking advantages of their status ,who should be punished for the sake of its jeopardy, and be differently measure by their particular 2status. It is the essence of the status crime which decided the different punishment of the status crime and the common crime. The academic cir
12、cles exists 3 theories : encroaching of lawful interest, encroaching of duty, compromise .The second part ,the fundamental categories on theory of the status crime. In order to understand the essence of the status crime, the chapter classify the categories of the status crime as follows: (1)pure sta
13、tus crime and impure status crime;(2)natural status crime and legal status crime ;(3)status crime of fixed form and unfixed form;(4)status crime of fixed form and unfixed form;(4)exclusive status crime and non-exclusive status crime. Author makes great efforts on the controversy of the specific fiel
14、d determination of the pure status crime and the non-pure status crime and makes criticism about it.The third part, the study of joint status crime. The part states the concept and the responsibility of person who has particular status with those who have not. Further more, the author also examine t
15、he influence of subordinate-status-crime and independentstatuscrime in criminal law of china upon the mixed joint status crime, based on the different theories as “prime culprits nature ruling” “convicting respectively” “concretely analyzing” and “the actions of the ones with particular status rulin
16、g” in Chinese criminal theory, the author choose the “convicting respectively”, because it is in favor of the principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime.The part four, the draft and the amendment of the modification of the terms of the bribery crime of The amendment to Crimin
17、al law (seven).After the draft came on, there are two opposite opinions in the academic circle. The party which agrees with it thinks that it meets the need of the judicature situation. While the opposite party focuses on the contradiction of the theory. After enacting the The amendment to Criminal
18、law (seven),some experts give the explanation of the disputes which exist in the period of draft ,the author puts forward the view on the dispute in the two periods.3Key words: status crime joint crime the subject of Bribery crime1目 录第一章 身份犯的一般理论 .1第一节 身份犯的概念 .1一、身份犯在大陆法系中的概念 .1二、身份犯在英美法系中的概念 .2三、身份
19、犯在我国的概念 .2第二节 身份犯的本质 .3一、各国刑法理论界关于身份犯本质的三种观点 .3二、对身份犯本质理论的评价 .5第二章 身份犯在学理上的基本分类 .7第一节 身份犯在学理上的各种分类 .7第二节 纯正身份犯与不纯正身份犯的分类 .8一、纯正身份犯与不纯正身份犯在具体范围认定上的争议 .8二、对此种争议的评价 .9第三章 混合身份共犯问题 .10第一节 混合身份共犯的概念与立法 .11一、混合身份共犯的概念 .11二、我国关于混合身份共犯的立法 .11第二节 混合身份共犯的刑事责任 .12一、共犯从属性说与混合身份共犯的刑事责任 .12二、共犯独立性说与混合身份共犯的刑事责任 .1
20、4第三节 我国刑法理论中混合身份共犯刑事责任的解决 .15一、我国刑法总则对共犯的划分及原由 .15二、我国刑法学术界对混合身份共犯刑事责任问题的解决 .16第四章 刑法修正案（七） 草案与正式稿关于受贿罪条款部分的修改 .182第一节 草案中关于受贿罪条款部分的修改内容、争议及笔者评价 .18一、 草案中关于受贿罪条款部分的修改内容 .19二、 草案中关于受贿罪条款修改部分存在的争议 .20三、笔者的评价 .21第二节 刑法修正案（七） 的专家解答意见及笔者评论 .24一、专家解答意见 .24二、笔者评论 .26结 语 .28参考文献 .29在读期间发表的学术论文与研究成果 .32后 记 .33
