1、1硕士学位论文（20 届）秦汉医事法律制度述论姓 名学 科 、 专 业 法 律 史 （ 全 日 制 法 律 硕 士 ）研 究 方 向 中 国 法 律 史指 导 教 师论文提交日期2秦汉医事法律制度述论（硕士论文摘要）今人每言及医事法律制度之历史，多喜论之于唐宋及其后，盖史料丰富、律令存世。然秦汉时期在我国医学与医事法律制度的历史上是具有重要地位的，本文在继承学术界诸位先贤研究成果的基础上，试图勾勒出秦汉医事法律制度可见之大致框架，就某些制度加以探讨，并总结出其中可供借鉴的历史经验或启示。本篇论文包括导言、正文、结论和参考文献四部分。导言部分交待了本文的研究目的、相关研究状况、研究史料及方法，并
2、在对本文标题进行说明的同时，也对相关概念加以辨析。正文部分共分为四章。第一章为医官制度。首先，从太医令丞制度、医事属官系统、军队医疗系统、与医相关职位四个部分构建出了医官体系的设置。其次，在考察医官的来源时，先从分析医者身份入手，再对当时的教育选拔制度加以论述。最后，通过上述内容总结出秦汉医官制度的特征与评价。第二章为防疫制度。该制度主要由事前预防机制与事后应对措施构成。前者主要包括了生态环境保护、日常卫生防疫、疫病奏验机制三部分；而后者则分为控制隔离、视察救助、禳除灾祸、灭绝生命这四方面。最终，在总结秦汉防疫制度特征的同时，也对该制度中蕴涵的思想加以论述。第三章为生育制度。首先，从禁止适龄男
3、女不婚、禁止“同姓为婚”与“近亲相奸” 、明确法定婚姻年龄三个方面介绍了秦汉时是如何通过这些禁婚制度来保证优生的。其次，论述了政府通过资助聘财、养胎保婴、杀怪子免罪的措施来鼓励结婚与生育。最后，得出了秦汉生育制度的特征与蕴涵思想。第四章则收集了一些散见于秦汉简牍或史书的法令，主要包括食品卫生与医疗责任两部分。在食品卫生中介绍了对腐败、有毒食品的处理以及对疾腐肉革的赔偿问题。而医疗责任部分则主要介绍了秦时的相关法令以及汉代三个有关医生获罪的案例。最后，得出了本文的结论，即秦汉时期已经有了一套比较系统的医事法律制度，将其与当今相比较，会发现它已具有了现代医事法律体系的主体部分，3而造成这种发展状况
4、也与当时的政治军事、文化思想、医学科技、社会状况这些因素有关。更为重要的是，我们考察秦汉医事法律制度，也能为解决当今诸如传染病防治、生态环境保护、父母杀伤畸形或残障子女等问题以及建设我国现代医事法律制度提供一些借鉴经验或启示。关键词 秦汉 医事法律制度 医官 防疫 生育 1The Medical Legal Institution in Qin and Han Dynasty (Abstract of Master Dissertation)Regarding to the history on medical legal system, the people favors to talk a
5、bout the Tang and Song Dynasty, and the later period, the reason is mainly due to the bound historic materials, laws and regulations. However, the Qin and Han Dynasty was also an important period for the development of Chinese medical industry and medical legal institution. This article aims to draw
6、 the brief framework, discuss some systems and summarize some referable historic experience or revelation on the medical legal institution of Qin and Han Dynasty based on the previous academic achievements. The article includes four parts: the introduction, the main text, the conclusion and the refe
7、rence documents.The introduction part describes the research purpose, relevant research situation, research historic material and methods, states the explanation of the article title and distinguishes the relevant conception. The main text is made up by four chapters. The first chapter is the medica
8、l officer institution. Firstly, the medical officer system includes four components, which are assistant official system of grand physician, medical subsidiary official system, arm force medical system and the relevant position. Secondly, in terms of the original source of the medical officers, the
9、writer discusses the education selecting system at that period based on the social identification of the medical practitioners. Thirdly, the writer summarizes the character of the medical officer institution in Qin and Han Dynasty and makes the evaluation. The second chapter is the immunization syst
10、em. It is made up by the in advance prevention mechanism and responding measures after the event. The in advance prevention includes the ecological environment prevention, daily health and epidemic prevention and epidemic disease report system; the responding measures after the event includes the co
11、ntrolling isolation, inspection assistance, disaster removal and 2distinguish the life. At last, the contained thoughts in that system are stated out when to summarize the character of the epidemic prevention system in Qin and Han dynasty. Chapter three is about the child birth system. Firstly, in Q
12、in and Han Dynasty, in order to guarantee the healthy birth through the marriage system, for the adult, it was forbidden to keep single, and the person who had same family name and relative connection marry to each others, it was regulated that only the adult with certain legal age can get marriage.
13、 Secondly, the writer introduced the different measures to encourage the marriage and birth, including the marriage fund providing by the government, protecting the pregnant woman and the new babies and legally killing on the abnormal baby. Lastly, the writer summarizes the feature and contained spi
14、rit in the birth system of Qin and Han Dynasty.Chapter four is about the scattered decrees or orders in the documents and books in Qin and Han Dynasty, mainly including the food hygiene and medical responsibility. In the part of food hygiene, the writer introduces the disposal methods to the decayed
15、 and poisoned food, and the compensation matters to the decayed meat. The part of the medical responsibility mainly introduces the relevant laws in Qin Dynasty and three legal cases on the doctors crimes in Han Dynasty. Last part is the conclusion of the article that there was a relatively systemati
16、c medical legal institution in Qin and Han Dynasty, which was the main body of modern medical legal institutions, compared with current institutions. Such development situation was in the relevance with the political military, the cultural thought, the medical technology and social condition in that
17、 moment. More important, through the research on the medical legal institution in Qin and Han Dynasty, some experience and revelation can be referred such as prevention for epidemic disease, protection for ecological environment, the killing of the abnormal baby or the disabled children and the cons
18、truction for modern medical legal institutions in China. Key words: Qin and Han Dynasty, Medical Legal Institutions, 3Medical officers, Immunization, Birth1目 录导 言 .1第一章 医官制度 .5第一节 医官体系设置 .5一、太医令丞制度 .6二、医事属官系统 .6三、军队医疗系统 .8四、与医相关职位 .9第二节 医官的来源 .11一、医者身份分析 .11二、教育选拔制度 .15第三节 秦汉医官制度的特征与评价 .17第二章 防疫制度 .
19、18第一节 事前预防机制 .19一、生态环境保护 .19二、日常卫生防疫 .21三、疫病奏验机制 .24第二节 事后应对措施 .25一、控制隔离 .25二、视察救助 .26三、禳除灾祸 .29四、灭绝生命 .31第三节 秦汉防疫制度的特征与蕴涵思想 .32第三章 生育制度 .32第一节 禁婚制度保优生 .32一、禁止适龄男女不婚 .322二、禁止“同姓为婚”与“近亲相奸” .32三、明确法定婚姻年龄 .32第二节 鼓励结婚与生育 .32一、鼓励结婚助聘财 .32二、养胎保婴奖生育 .32三、杀害怪子可免罪 .32第三节 秦汉生育制度的特征与蕴涵思想 .32第四章 其他散见法令 .32第一节 食品卫生 .32一、腐败有毒食物的处理 .32二、疾腐肉革的赔偿问题 .32第二节 医疗责任 .32一、秦之法令 .32二、汉之三例 .32结 论 .32参考文献 .32在读期间发表的学术论文与研究成果 .32后 记 .32
