1、1硕士学位论文（20 届）我国与英美法系外国法查明的比较研究姓 名学 科 、 专 业 国 际 法 （ 全 日 制 法 律 硕 士 ）研 究 方 向 国 际 私 法指 导 教 师论文提交日期2我国与英美法系外国法查明的比较研究（硕士论文摘要）外国法的查明是国际私法上的一个极为重要的问题。外国法的查明是正确适用外国法的前提与基础。正确有效地查明外国法的内容，进而适用外国法裁判案件，是体现一国法院能否确保程序公正、不狭隘维护本国利益的关键，也是确保国际民商事交往正常秩序的重要法律条件,对于营造良好透明的法制环境，保障公平、公正、及时地解决涉外纠纷，保障国内外当事人的合法权益，维系世界各国对中国司法体
2、系的信心，均具有重要意义。因此，我们应当加强对外国法查明的研究，着力完善外国法查明的立法与司法。本文以比较分析的方法对英美以及我国外国法查明领域的主要方面进行比较分析，并在此基础上，研究归纳我国在外国法查明领域所存在的问题，吸取英美的解决方法和相关规则，对我国的立法和司法实践操作提出解决的建议。本文共四章，约 4.5 万字左右。第一章为“外国法的查明制度概述” 。本章分别从外国法查明基本制度介绍，我国外国法查明立法以及司法现状，英美外国法查明基本制度这三个方面宏观的论述了外国法查明的基本概念，研究意义以及我国与英美法系外国法查明领域的基本现状。第二章为“对外国法的定性” 。本章先从外国法性质认
3、定的理论入手，介绍对外国法性质认定的主要争论学说以及两大法系对此的观点；在此基础上过渡到我国与英美对外国法性质认定的比较分析，最后结合我国国情提出笔者的观点。第三章为“外国法查明规则” 。本章从外国法查明的四个主要方面的规则展开论述，包括查明外国法的责任分配，外国法查明方法，外国法无法查明的救济，外国法的适用错误及其救济；本章采取在每节都分别论述我国与英美对相关内容的不同立法司法规制，用比较分析的方法进行论述，研究分析我国与英美法系在相关规制中的异同。第四章为“我国外国法查明制度的问题与完善” 。本章分三个部分展开论述，首先从我国外国法的查明立法现状进行论述并检讨现存问题，再转入对我国现3存问
4、题的建议和启示，吸收英美的两国的长处，结合我国的实际国情，以此对我国外国法查明的完善提出一些笔者的想法。最后，笔者认为我国目前有关外国法查明的规范还比较简陋，许多规定也不甚合理，运行状况也不够理想，参酌发达国家的立法和实践经验、考虑我国的实际状况，完善我国外国法查明制度的立法不失为一为佳之选择，故而，笔者在此从比较法的角度研究分析了英美与我国在外国法领域的立法司法的优劣异同，对中国未来建全外国法查明制度提出自己的一点见解。关键词：英美，我国，外国法的查明规则，外国法的性质，1AbstractProof of foreign law is the subject that sits at the
5、 core of international conflict of laws, or, as known in the civil law system, private international law. Proof of foreign law is the prerequisite and foundation of correct application. Finding out the content of the foreign law correctly and applying those to the judgment are the key factors which
6、reflect that one country maintains procedure to be just and narrowly protects interests not only for the natives. Also, it is the important condition of the international civil and commercial business order. Proof of foreign law ensures solving the dispute concerning foreign affairs fairly, justly a
7、nd in time, building a good and transparent legal system environment, protecting the domestic and international partys legitimate rights and interests and maintaining the confidence in Chinas judicial system of countries all over the world. So, we should strengthen the research of proof of foreign l
8、aw, advance theoretical research and judicial institutional improvement actively.This article intend to use a comparative analysis method to discuss the main aspect of ascertainment of foreign law in China, England and America, and then summarize in a study of problems in area of ascertainment of fo
9、reign law in China, basing on the foregoing discussion. In addition to the“Introduction”, the full text of dissertation is divided into four chapters, about 4,5000words.Chapter one addresses the outline of proof of foreign law. The thesis here begins with the basic system of proof of foreign law, an
10、d then introduces the legislative, judicial situation and such system in United States and United Kingdom. The thesis gives a general picture of the definition and current situations in United States and United Kingdom and in China. Chapter two explores the character of the foreign law. The thesis h
11、ere draws out the theory of proof of foreign law and various points of view of the two legal families. Upon the comparative analysis above, the thesis gives corresponding suggestions. Chapter three discusses the regulation of the ascertainment of foreign law. The 2thesis here begins with four main a
12、spects of ascertainment of foreign law, including “responsibility assignment of proving foreign law”, “the method of ascertainment of foreign law”, “compensation of failure ”,”incorrect application and compensation”; author tries to discuss the detail regulations of China, England and America in eve
13、ry section in order to compare and analyze the difference among them.Chapter four argue about the legislation and improvement of ascertainment of foreign law in China. The thesis here begins with four section, firstly, from the aspects of current legislation in China, the article analyze the problem
14、s and then go to give the advices for improvement of our judicial system.Finally, I think the current regulation of proof of foreign law in China is still simple, many stipulations are far from rational and the operation situation is not so perfect. Based on the background of China, together with re
15、lated laws and practices of developed countries, it is believed that it will be a good idea to improve the system of proof of foreign law in China. Therefore, the thesis, from a comparative perspective, analyzes the difference of legislation in the foreign law field between some western countries an
16、d China. Meanwhile, the thesis proposes some practical suggestions to perfect the system of proof of foreign law in China. Key words: England & America, China, legislation of ascertainment of foreign law, the character of foreign law1目 录导 言 .1第一章 外国法查明制度概述 .2第一节 外国法查明基本制度 .2一、外国法查明的基本概念 .2二、外国法查明制度存
17、在的重要性和合理性 .2第二节 我国外国法查明立法及司法现状 .3一、我国外国法查明现行立法现状 .3二、我国学界在外国法查明上的观点态度 .5三、我国外国法查明司法实践现状 .6四、结论 .6第三节 英美法系外国法查明制度 .7一、英国外国法查明司法现状 .7二、美国外国法查明司法现状 .9第二章 对外国法的定性 .12第一节 外国法性质主要学说概述 .12一、外国法性质的主要学说争论 .12二、两大法系对外国法性质的认定 .12第二节 我国与英美外国法性质问题比较 .13一、我国对外国法性质的态度 .13二、英国对外国法性质的态度 .142三、美国对外国法性质的态度 .15第三节 小结 .
18、16一、从法理上来看 .16二、从国际私法原理角度来看 .17第三章 外国法查明规则 .18第一节 查明外国法责任分配 .18一、我国外国法查明责任分配的原则 .19二、英美对外国法查明责任分配的原则与实践 .19第二节 外国法查明方法 .23一、我国外国法查明方法 .23二、美国法院外国查明的方法 .24三、英国外国法查明的方法 .26第三节 外国法无法查明的救济 .28一、我国关于外国法无法查明时的法律适用与实践 .28二、英美外国法无法查明时的法律适用与实践 .29第四节 外国法的适用错误及其救济 .34一、外国法的适用错误 .34二、我国外国法适用错误的救济 .35三、英美外国法适用错
19、误时的救济 .36第四章 我国外国法查明制度的问题与完善 .37第一节 我国外国法的查明立法现状及检讨 .37一、对外国法内容只查不明 .383二、当事人的举证责任和法院职责不明确 .40三、专家意见的作用不明 .42四、不能查明时中国法替代 .44五、 关于贯彻执行 若干问题的意见第193 条之检讨 .45第二节 对我国外国法查明规则的建议 .46一、我国法院宜将外国法的性质认定为“法律” .46二、明确当事人举证责任和法院职责 .48三、专家意见地位的确定 .51四、不能查明时适用一般原则 .52第三节 结语与启示 .53参考文献 .54在读期间发表的学术论文与研究成果 .54后 记 .54
