1、1硕士学位论文(20 届)中日东海划界问题研究姓 名学 科 、 专 业 国 际 法 学 ( 全 日 制 法 律 硕 士 )研 究 方 向 国 际 公 法指 导 教 师论文提交日期2中日东海划界问题研究(硕士论文摘要)随着联合国海洋法公约的制定和陆地资源的耗竭,海洋问题成为全世界关注的热点和焦点。各沿海国国家纷纷争夺更广阔的海域,希望能抢占更多的海洋资源,甚至引发国家之间的冲突亦在所不惜。1994 年生效的联合国海洋法公约为人类开发和利用海洋提供了最基本的法律根据,也为各国特别是沿海国维护其海洋权益提供了法律保障。世界各国从盲目的、以武力威胁式的占领、开发和利用海洋资源,转向适当地进行合作与妥协
2、,依据法律规则取得和维护各自的海洋权益。但是因为联合国海洋法公约本身是就是各国之间斗争与妥协的产物,因而对很多问题采取了回避或模棱两可的表述,这给各国在划定自己的海域界限时各取所需地解释这个公约,各行其是地圈定海域、甚至侵犯他国的海洋权益提供了可乘之机。日本是典型的海洋国家,四面环海,而中国也同样是一个海洋大国,海洋面积达 300 多万平方公里。但中国不象日本那样历来重视自己的海洋权益,直到 20 世纪 90 年代,经济的高速发展使中国对海洋权益的需求不断增长,中国才开始重视自己的海洋权益;日本作为能源需求大国,一直致力于自己海洋权益的扩张,所以引发了中日之间旷日持久的东海划界争议。中日双方在
3、钓鱼岛问题、东海划界问题上出现严重分歧,分歧主要集中在钓鱼岛主权归属和划界效力、专属经济区和大陆架的界限的划定上。因此,探讨这些问题及其解决前景,从而挖掘出可能的解决方案,对中日两国都具有重要的现实意义。目前,国内紧紧围绕“搁置争议,共同开发”的原则,以及对联合国海洋法公约进行分析,探讨中日两国在钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿主权归属问题、大陆架划界及专属经济区问题和东海油气田开采等问题进行了研究。本文在前人研究的基础上,也将对上述问题进行全面的论述,深刻阐述它们之间的联系,希望能对中日东海争议的解决提供一些参考。本文第一章笔者先介绍了东海划界争端中所涉及的有关地区的地理概况,再介绍了东海划界之争的由来和
4、历史发展,从中日第一次磋商到中日东海问题原则共识的达成。最后阐述了中日各自对东海划界的主张,从而得出他们之间的争议点。3第二章笔者先介绍了大陆架和专属经济区的定义及发展,以及它们之间的关系,再介绍了大陆架和专属经济区的法律地位,以及它们之间的区别。第三章是本文的重点篇章,这一章中笔者逐一分析了五个国际法院和仲裁法庭的案例;再分析了两个国家之间关于大陆架和专属经济区划界的协定;最后,笔者对国际法院和仲裁法庭在大陆架和专属经济区划界适用的原则进行了分析。第四章是本文的创新点所在的一章,通过对上述三章的论述,笔者对东海划界之争有了详细的了解,对大陆架和专属经济区这两种制度有了深刻的认识,对大陆架和专
5、属经济区划界方面的国际法原则、规则和方法有了了解,从而在第四章提出自己的观点,首先笔者先声明中国在东海划界争端中需坚持的原则进行了论述,再介绍了在划界争端彻底解决之前的临时安排-共同开发机制,对中日东海问题原则共识进行了客观的分析,最后,笔者对中日东海大陆架争端解决提出了自己的设想。关键词 东海划界 专属经济区 自然延伸 公平原则 等距离 中间线1The analysis on Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in East Sea between Japan and China(Abstract)Since theUnited Nation Con
6、ventions On the law of the seaconstituted and the land resource exhausted, Ocean issues become the hotspots which get the whole worlds attention. Every coastal state scrabble for larger sea areas in order to have more sea resource, even if brings the disputes between the countries.United Nation Conv
7、entions On the law of the seawhich went into effect in 1994 give the legal basis for the development and using the sea and the legal safeguard for coastal states to protect the interests on the sea. The states no longer use the force threat to occupy、develop and use the sea resources, and begin to c
8、ooperate and compromise through using legal regulations. But because theUnited Nation Conventions On the law of the seaitself is a result of the Struggle and compromise between countries, there are many issues that this convention did not clear regulate. Therefore, it give every country the chance t
9、o explain the convention for its own interests.Japan is a typical maritime state, china is also a big maritime state with More than 300 million square kilometers marine area. But China does not as Japan emphasis on its sea interests .Until 20th century 90s, the rapid economic development made the ne
10、ed of the sea resource become more and more important.Japan have big energy needs, it always emphasis its sea recourse, so the disputes between two countries get more and more bitter. The two countries have disputes on the diao yu island, delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in East Sea ,and mainly
11、 disagree on the authority of the diao yu island and boundary delimitate of the Continental Shelf or Exclusive Economic Zone.In the first chapter, the author first introduced in the East China Sea dispute 2involved the demarcation of the geographical profile.Then introduced the East China Sea disput
12、e over the demarcation of the origin and historical development,from the first consultation on the principles of the Sino-Japanese East China Sea issue consensusreached. Finally, it introduced the China and Japan on the demarcation of their respective claims of the East Sea, So as to arrive at their
13、 points of contention between them.In the second chapter the author first introduced the definition and development of the continental shelf and exclusive economic zones,and relationships between them. Then it introduced legal status of the continental shelf and exclusive economic zone as well as th
14、e distinction between them.The third chapter is the focus of chapter in this article, the author analyzed each of the five international courts and arbitral tribunals cases. Then it analysis between the two countries on the demarcation of the continental shelf and exclusive economic zone agreement.
15、Finally, the author analysis the applied principles of the international courts and arbitral tribunals in the delimitation of the continental shelf and exclusive economic zone. The forth chapter is where the innovations of this article are. Through the exposition of these chapters, the author have a
16、 detailed understanding of demarcation dispute in the East Sea, and have a deep understanding of the two systems of Continental shelf and exclusive economic zones, the principles of international law, rules and methods of delimitation of the continental shelf and exclusive economic zone in order to
17、put forward their own point of view in the forth chapter. First of all, it demarcated the principles that China need to adhere to in the East Sea disputes. Then it introduced the delimitation of the interim arrangements - the common development of mechanisms before the solution of disputes, and carr
18、y out an objective analysis Of the principles of the Sino-Japanese East China Sea issue of consensus, Finally, the author put forward its own ideas of the Sino-Japanese East Sea continental shelf dispute resolution. 3Key wordsDelimitation of the Maritime Boundary in East Sea Continental Shelf Exclus
19、ive Economic Zone Natural Prolongation Equitable Principle Equidistance Median Line1目 录导 言 .1第一章 东海划界争端概况 .2第一节 东海划界争端的由来及发展 .2一、东海争议地区的地理概况 .2二、东海划界争端的由来及发展 .4第一节 东海划界争端的争议点及中日主张 .10一、日本的主张 .10二、中国的主张 .11三、东海划界争端的争议点 .13第二章 东海大陆架争端涉及的国际法基本原理 .14第一节 大陆架和专属经济区的定义与发展 .14一、大陆架的定义和发展 .14二、专属经济区的定义与发展 .1
20、7三、大陆架和专属经济区的关系 .17第二节 大陆架和专属经济区的法律地位 .19一、沿海国在大陆架的权利 .19二、沿海国在专属经济区的权利 .21三、大陆架和专属经济区权利的区别 .22四、大陆架和专属经济区的划界 .23第三章 大陆架和专属经济区划界的国际案例及各国协定分析 .24第一节 国际法院和仲裁法庭有关相向、相邻国家大陆架和专属经济区划界案 .24一、1969 年北海大陆架案 .24二、1977 年英法大陆架划界仲裁案 .26三、1982 年突尼斯利比亚大陆架案 .272四、1984 年美国-加拿大缅因湾地区海洋疆界案 .28五、1985 年利比亚 V.马耳他大陆架划界案 .29
21、六、2009 年罗马尼亚诉乌克兰划界案 .31第二节 各国有关大陆架和专属经济区划界的协定参考 .32一、澳大利亚和印度尼西亚在帝汶海和阿拉弗拉海的划界协定 .33二、1989 年澳大利亚与印度尼西亚关于印度尼西亚东帝汶省和澳大利亚之间区域内的合作区域条约 .33第三节 大陆架和专属经济区划界适用的原则、规则和方法 .34一、自然延伸原则 .34二、公平原则 .35三、等距离/特殊情况原则 .36四、三大原则之间的关系 .36第四章 对中日东海大陆架划界的设想 .37第一节 中方在东海划界争端中需坚持的主要原则 .37一、钓鱼岛是中国的领土 .37二、钓鱼岛在中日大陆架和专属经济区划界中没有有效力 .38三、冲绳海槽在中日大陆架划界时具有划界效力 .38四、中日大陆架和专属经济区划界应遵循公平原则 .39第二节 争议解决的临时安排-共同开发机制 .40第三节 对中日东海大陆架争端解决的设想 .41一、中日应该就大陆架和专属经济区分别划界 .41二、中日大陆架划界应使用自然延伸原则,冲绳海槽具有划界效力。 42三、中日专属经济区划界可以适用等距离/特殊情况方法。 .43结 语 .45参考文献 .47在读期间发表的学术论文与研究成果 .51后 记 .52