1、第一部分 名词解释 1 Abundance (mRNA 丰度 ) 2 Abundant mRNA (高丰度 mRNA) 3 Acceptor splicing site (受体剪切位点 ) 4 Acentric fragment (无着丝粒片段 ) 5 Active site (活性位点 ) 6 Allele (等位基因 )在 7 Allelic exclusion (等位基因排斥 ) 8 Allosteric control (别构调控 ) 9 Alu-equivalent family (Alu 相当 序列基因 ) 10 Alu family (Alu 家族 ) 11 -Amanitin(
2、鹅膏覃碱 ) 12 Amber codon (琥珀密码子 ) 13 Amber mutation (琥珀突变 ) 14 Amber suppressors (琥珀抑制子 ) 15 Aminoacyl-tRNA (氨酰 -tRNA) 16 Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (氨酰 -tRNA 合成酶 ) 17 Amphipathic structure (两亲结构 ) 18 Anchorage dependence (贴壁依赖 ) 19 Aneuploid (非整倍体 ) 20 Annealing (退火 ) 21 Anterograde (顺式转运 ) 22 Antibod
3、y (抗体 ) 23 Anticoding strand (反编码链 ) 24 Antigen (抗原 ) 25 Antiparallel (反式平行 ) 26 Antitermination protein (抗终止蛋白质 ) 27 AP endonucleases (AP 核酸内切酶 ) 28 Apoptosis (细胞凋亡 ) 29 Archeae (古细菌 ) 30 Att sites (Att 位点 ) 31 Attenuation (衰减 ) 32 Attenuator (衰减子 ) 33 Autogenous control (自体调控 ) 34 Autonomous contr
4、olling element (自主控制元件 ) 35 Autoradiography (放射性子显影 ) 36 Autosomes (常染色体 ) 37 B lymphocytes or B cell (B 淋巴细胞或 B 细胞 ) 38 Backcross (回交 ) 39 Back mutation (回复突变 ) 40 Bacteriophage (细菌噬菌体 ) 41 Normal chromosomes (常染色体 ) 42 Base pair (碱基对 ) 43 Bidirectinal replication (双向复制 ) 44 Bivalent (二价染色体 ) 45 Bl
5、astoderm (囊胚层 ) 46 Blocked reading frame (闭锁读框 ) 47 Blunt-end ligation (平端连接 ) 48 Branch migration (分支迁移 ) 49 Breakage and reunion (断裂与重连 ) 50 Buoyant density (漂浮密度 ) 51 C gene (C 基因 ) 52 C value (C 值 ) 53 CAAT box (CAAT 盒 ) 54 Cap (帽 ) 55 Capsid (衣壳 ) 56 Caspases 57 cDNA 58 cDNA clone (cDNA 克隆 ) 59
6、 Cell cycle (细胞周期 ) 60 Cell hybrid (细胞杂交 ) 61 Centrioles (中心粒 ) 62 Centromere (着丝粒 ) 63 Centrosomes (中心体 ) 64 Chaperone (分子伴侣 ) 65 Chemical complexity (化学复杂度 ) 66 Chi sequemce (Chi 序列 ) 67 Chi structure (Chi 结构 ) 68 Chiasma (交叉 ) 69 Chromatids (染色单体 ) 70 Chromatin (染色质 ) 71 Chromatin remodeling (染色体
7、重建 ) 72 Chromocenter (染色中心 ) 73 Chromomeres (染色粒 ) 74 Chromosome (染色体 ) 75 Chromosome walking (染色体步移 ) 76 cis-acting locus (顺式作用位点 ) 77 cis-acting protein (顺式作用蛋白质 ) 78 cis configuration (顺势构型 ) 79 cis/trans assays(顺 /反测验 ) 80 Ciston (顺反子 ) 81 Class switching (类别转换 ) 82 Clone (克隆 ) 83 Cloning vector
8、 (克隆载体 ) 84 Closed reading frame (关闭读框 ) 85 Coconversion (共转变 ) 86 Coding strand (编码链 ) 87 Codominant alleles (共显性等位基因 ) 88 Codon (密码子 ) 89 Coevolution (共进 化 ) 90 Cognate tRNAs (同功 tRNA) 91 Coincidental evolution (重合进化 ) 92 Cointegrate structure (共合结构 ) 93 Cold-sensitive (冷敏 ) 94 Colon hybridization
9、 (菌落杂交 ) 95 Compatibility group (相容组 ) 96 Complementation (互补 ) 97 Complementation assay (互补测验 ) 98 Complementation group (互补群 ) 99 Complex locus(复合基因座 ) 100 Complexity (复杂度 ) 101 Composite transposons (复合转座子 ) 102 Concatemer (多联体 DNA) 103 (Con)catenated circle (多联环 ) 104 Concerted evolution (协同进化 )
10、 105 Condensation reaction (缩合反应 ) 106 Conditional lethal mutations (条件致死突变 ) 107 Conjugation (接合 ) 108 Consensus sequemce (共有序列 ) 109 Conservative recombination (保守重组 ) 110 Conservative transposition (保守转座 ) 111 Constant regions (恒定区 ) 112 Constitutive genes (结构基因 ) 113 Constitutive heterochromatin
11、 (组成型异染色质 ) 114 Constitutive mutations (组成型突变 ) 115 Contractile ring (收缩环 ) 116 Controlling elements (控制元件 ) 117 Coordinate regulation (协同调控 ) 118 Cordycepin (蛹虫草菌素 ) 119 Core DNA (核心 DNA) 120 Core particle (核心颗粒 ) 121 Corepressor (共阻碍物 ) 122 Cosmid (粘粒 ) 123 Cot (浓度时间常数 ) 124 Cot1/2 (半变 Cot 值 ) 125
12、 Cotransfection (共转染 ) 126 Crossing-over (交换 ) 127 Crossover fixtion (交换固定 ) 128 Cruciform (十字架 ) 129 Cryptic satellite (隐蔽卫星 ) 130 ctDNA 131 cAMP 132 Cyclins (细胞周期蛋白质 ) 133 Cytokinesis (胞质分裂 ) 134 Cytological hybridization (细胞学杂交 ) 135 Cytoplasm (细胞质 ) 136 Cytoplasmic inheritance (胞质遗传 ) 137 Cytopl
13、asmic protein synthesis (胞质蛋白质合成 ) 138 Cytoskeleton (细胞骨架 ) 139 Cytosol (胞质溶胶 ) 140 D loop (D 环 ) 141 Degeneracy (简并性 ) 142 Deletion (缺失 ) 143 Denaturation of DNA or RNA (DNA 或 RNA 变性 ) 144 Denaturation of protein (蛋白质变性 ) 145 Depressed state (抑制状态 ) 146 Dicentric chromosome (双着丝粒染色体 ) 147 Diploid (
14、二倍体 ) 148 Direct repeat (同向重复 ) 149 Discontinuous replication (不连续复制 ) 150 Disjuction (间断分布 ) 151 Divergence (差异百分率 ) 152 Divergent transcription (异向转录 ) 153 dna mutant (dna 突变 ) 154 DNAase (DNA 酶 ) 155 DNAase I hypersensitive (DNA 酶 I 超敏位点 ) 156 DNA-driven hybridization (DNA 驱动杂交 ) 157 DNA poymeras
15、e (DNA 聚合酶 ) 158 DNA replicase (DNA 复制酶 ) 159 Domain of a chromasome (染色体结构域 ) 160 Domain of a protein (蛋白质结构域 ) 161 Dominant allele (显性等位基因 ) 162 Donor splicing site (供体剪接位点 ) 163 Dosage compensation (剂量补偿效应 ) 164 Down promoter mutation (启动子下降突变 ) 165 Dowmstream (下游 ) 166 Early development (早期 发育 )
16、 167 Ectopic expression (异位表达 ) 168 Elongation factors (延伸因子 ) 169 End labeling (末端标记 ) 170 End-product inhibition (终产物抑制 ) 171 Endocytic vesicle(内吞膜泡 ) 172 Endocytosis (内吞作用 ) 173 Endonucleases (内切核酸酶 ) 174 Endoplasmic reticulum (内质网 ) 175 Enhancer (增强子 ) 176 Enelopes (包膜 ) 177 Episome change (后天改变
17、 ) 178 Episome (附加体 ) 179 Epistasis (上位性 ) 180 Essential gene (必须基因 ) 181 Established cell lines (确立细胞株 ) 182 Eubacteria (真细菌 ) 183 Euchromatin (常染色体 ) 184 Evolutionary clock (进化钟 ) 185 Excision (切除 ) 186 Excision-repair (切除修复 ) 187 Exocytosis (外排 ) 188 Exon (外显子 ) 189 Exonucleases (核酸外切酶 ) 190 Expr
18、ession vector (表达载体 ) 191 Extranuclear genes (核外基因 ) 192 Ffactor (F 因子 ) 193 F1 generation (F1 代 ) 194 Facultative heterochromatin (兼并性异染色 质 ) 195 Fast component (快速变性区 ) 196 Filter hybridization (滤膜杂交 ) 197 Fingerprint of DNA (DNA 指纹图谱 ) 198 Fingerprint of protein (蛋白质指纹图谱 ) 199 Forward mutations (
19、正向突变 ) 200 Frameshift mutations (移码突变 ) 201 G banding (G 分带 ) 202 Gamete (配子 ) 203 Gap in DNA (DNA 裂隙 ) 204 Gene /ciston (基因 /顺反子 ) 205 Gene cluster (基因簇 ) 206 Gene conversion (基因转换 ) 207 Gene dosage (基因剂量 ) 208 Gene family (基因家族 ) 209 Genetic code (遗传密码 ) 210 Genetic marker (遗传标记 ) 211 Genomic DNA
20、clone (基因组 DNA 克隆 ) 212 Genotype (基因 型 ) 213 Golgi apparatus (高尔基体 ) 214 G protein (G 蛋白质 ) 215 Gratuitous (安慰诱导物 ) 216 GT-AC rule (GT-AG 规则 ) 217 Gyrase (螺旋酶 ) 218 Hairpin (发夹 ) 219 Haploid (单倍体 ) 220 Helper virus (辅助病毒 ) 221 Hemizygote (半合体 ) 222 Heterochromatin (异染色质 ) 223 Heteroduplex (hybrid) D
21、NA (异源双链 DNA) 224 Heterogeneous nuclear (hn) RNA (不均一核 RNA) 225 Heteromultimeric proteins (异源多聚体蛋白质 ) 226 Heterozygote (杂合体 ) 227 Highly repetitive DNA (高度重复 DNA) 228 Histones (组蛋白 ) 229 Homeobox (同源框 ) 230 Homeotic genes (同源异形基因 ) 231 Homologs (同源染色体 ) 232 Homomultimeric protein (同源多聚体蛋白质 ) 233 Hom
22、ozygote (纯合体 ) 234 Hotspot (热点 ) 235 Housekeeping (constitutive) genes (持家或组成型基因 ) 236 Hybrid dysgenesis (杂种败育 ) 237 Hybridization (杂交 ) 238 Hybridoma (杂交瘤 ) 239 Hyperchromicity (增色效应 ) 240 Hypervariable region (高度可变区 ) 241 Ideogram (理数图 ) 242 Idling reaction (空转 ) 243 Immortalization (永生或无限增值化 ) 24
23、4 Immunity in phages (噬菌体免疫 ) 245 Immunity in plasmids (质粒免疫 ) 246 Immunity in transposons (转座子免疫 ) 247 Imprinting (印记 ) 248 In situ hybridization (原位杂交 ) 249 In vitro complementation assay (体外互补分析 ) 250 Incompatibility (不相容性 ) 251 Indirect end-labeling (间接末端标记 ) 252 Induced mutation (诱发突变 ) 253 Ind
24、ucer (诱导物 ) 254 Induction (诱导 ) 255 Induction of prophage (原噬菌体诱导 ) 256 Initiation factors (起始因子，原核中 IF，真核中 eIF) 257 Insertion sequence (插入序列， IS) 258 Insertions (插入 ) 259 Integration (整合 ) 260 Interallelic complementation (等位基因间互补 ) 261 Interphase (间期 ) 262 Intervening sequence (间插序列 ) 263 Intron (
25、内含子 ) 264 Inversion (倒位 ) 265 Inverted repeats (反向重复 ) 266 Inverted terminal repeats (末端反向重复 ) 267 Isoaccepting tRNAs (同工 tRNA) 268 Isotype (同型 ) 269 Karyotye (核型 ) 270 Kilobase, kb (千碱基 ) 271 Kinase (激酶 ) 272 Kinetic complexity (动力学复杂度 ) 273 Lagging strand of DNA (DNA 后随链 ) 274 Lampbrush chromosomes (灯刷染色体 ) 275 Lariat (套索 ) 276 Late period of phage development (噬菌体发育晚期 ) 277 Late-replication materials (延迟复制物 ) 278 Leader (前导区 )
