1、图书馆阅览室空气流动规律与污染物分布特性研究The Research of Air Flow Law and Pollutant Distribution Characteristics in the Reading Room of the Library研 究 生：指导教师： 学科专业：供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程年 月硕士研究生学位论文 Abstract III摘 要随着现代经济的高速发展和科学技术的日益进步，人们对于生活品质和生存环境的要求逐渐提高，公共空间空气质量已经成为近年来建筑领域的一个研究热点。目前，我国图书馆现已实行藏阅一体化的开架管理模式，阅览室内人员密集，空气混浊，导致读者
2、昏昏欲睡。一些研究人员采用主观调查问卷和实测等方式对图书馆室内的空气品质进行研究，其主要研究对象为温度、风速、人体热舒适性等指标，对人体呼吸产生的污染物在室内的扩散规律及浓度分布研究甚少。本文以北方严寒地区某图书馆为例，利用 Swema 3000 多功能测量仪等仪器对图书馆室内温湿度、风速、CO 2 浓度及颗粒物浓度等环境参数进行实测，采用调查问卷的方式对人体感觉进行主观调研，研究客观环境参数与人体感觉不满意率之间的拟合关系。建立图书馆阅览室的数学模型和物理模型，通过改变送风方向、送风速度和送风温度等送风条件，研究人体释放污染物浓度分布与空调送风参数之间的关系，对各工况空气分布均匀系数、能量利
3、用系数及通风有效率等指标进行分析与评价，提出室内污染物控制的有效措施。图书馆阅览室客观实测和主观调研结果表明：室内环境温度、相对湿度、风速和 pm10 符合国家空气质量标准，CO 2 浓度和 pm2.5 浓度超过国家标准限值；读者对图书馆室内的相对湿度和空气新鲜度的不满意率较高，多数读者都出现烦躁、压抑、眼睛疲倦、等不良感觉，导致学习效率下降。分析测试结果得出以下结论：人对所处环境的感觉与其自身的生理（身高、体重等）、从事的活动和心理因素有关；人体感知环境温湿度及气味的能力较高，对室内气溶胶类的污染物浓度变化的敏感度较低。为深入研究气流组织对污染物分布的影响，采用 CFD 软件对阅览室内污染物
4、浓度场进行模拟发现：图书馆阅览室采用自然通风的排污效率高于机械通风系统的排污效率；自然通风的污染物浓度场高度依赖于室外风速和风向，具有季节性、瞬时性与不确定性。送风温度对污染物浓度分布无明显影响；送风速度与室内污染物浓度成反比；斜向下 60送风与垂直送风和斜向下 30相比，在空气分布不均匀系数、能量利用系数、空气分布特性和通风系统排污效率等方面都具有优越性。因此，自然通风、增加换气量及改变送风方向都可以有效改善阅览室内空气质量。其中，自然通风对室内颗粒物的浓度变化有很大影响，开启门窗增加室内的换气量，能够增加或者稀释室内颗粒物的浓度，需要结合一天之中室外污染物浓度波动情况，控制开窗时段，使得自
5、然通风既能有效降低室内其他污染物浓度，又不会引起颗粒物污染。改变送风方向在一定程度上可以与提高换气量达到相同甚至更高的排污效率，避免高速送风带来的强烈吹风感，减轻空调系统负荷，有利于建筑节能。提出一种新型需求控制通风系统的设计构想，有效抑制污染物在室内的传播扩散，减少人员暴露危险。IV Abstract 硕士研究生学位论文关键词：图书馆；空气品质；污染物浓度分布；送风参数；数值模拟硕士研究生学位论文 Abstract VAbstractWith the rapid development of modern economy and the progress of science and tec
6、hnology, people gradually to the requirement of the quality of life and survival environment, indoor air quality has become a nearly 30 years a research hotspot in the field of architecture. Hidden reading integration at present, the library open management mode, service personnel in the reading roo
7、m, air turbidity, readers drowsy. Some researchers used subjective testing methods such as questionnaire and experiment to the library to study indoor air quality, the main research object as, such as temperature, wind speed, the human body thermal comfort index, to human breath inside the pollutant
8、s diffusion law and concentration distribution study very little.In northern cold region a library as an example, using Swema 3000 multi-function meter instruments to library indoor temperature and humidity, wind speed, CO2 concentration and particle concentration environment parameters, such as tes
9、ting, with the method of questionnaire to subjective body feeling. By comparison with test data and quantitative data of the questionnaire analysis, the research objective environmental parameters and the fitting relationship between the human body didnt feel satisfaction. Establish mathematical mod
10、el and physical model of library reading room, by changing the direction of air supply, supply air velocity and supply air temperature, air supply conditions, such as study the body to release pollutants concentration distribution and the relationship between the air conditioning supply parameters,
11、on the condition of air distribution uniformity coefficient, energy utilization coefficient and ventilation efficiency index analysis and evaluation, puts forward effective measure to control the indoor pollutants.The library reading room objective testing and subjective research results show that t
12、he indoor temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and pm10 in accordance with national standards for air quality, CO2 concentration and pm2.5 concentrations exceed the national standard limit; Readers of the library of indoor relative humidity and the determination of the freshness of the air is
13、not satisfaction is higher, most readers have be agitated, depressed, eye fatigue, feeling bad, resulting in a decline in the learning efficiency. Analysis of test results the following conclusions: the persons sense of the environment with its own physiological (height, weight, etc.), is engaged in
14、 the activity and psychological factors; Human perception and the ability to environmental temperature and humidity or smell is higher, indoor aerosol pollutants concentration change sensitivity is low.Simulation results show that the natural ventilation of the drainage efficiency is higher than the
15、 emission efficiency of mechanical ventilation system; Natural ventilation of the pollutant concentration field are highly dependent on outdoor wind speed and direction, is seasonal, instantaneity and uncertainty. Supply air temperature had no obvious effect on pollutants concentration distribution;
16、 Air supply velocity is inversely proportional to the concentration of indoor pollutants; Inclined down 60 supply compared with vertical air supply and 30 inclined downward, the uneven distribution of air coefficient, energy utilization coefficient, air distribution and ventilation system drainage e
17、fficiency has the superiority.The results show that the natural ventilation, increase in volume and change the direction of air supply can effectively improve the air quality in the reading room. Among them, the natural VI Abstract 硕士研究生学位论文ventilation has a great influence on the change of indoor p
18、articulate matter concentrations, open doors and windows to increase indoor ventilation, to increase or dilute the concentration of indoor particulate matter, need to combine a day outdoor pollutant concentration fluctuations, control window period, makes the natural ventilation can not only effecti
19、vely reduce the indoor concentration of other pollutants, and wont cause particulate matter pollution. Changing the direction to a certain extent, can achieve the same or even higher with the increase in gas drainage efficiency, to avoid the high speed brings a strong sense of blowing air supply, re
20、duce air conditioning load, is conducive to building energy efficiency. Put forward a new demand control of ventilation system design idea, effectively restrain the spread of pollutants in the indoor diffusion, reduce the workers exposed to danger.Keywords: Library；Air quality；Pollutant concentratio
21、n distribution； Air supply parameters； Numerical simulation硕士研究生学位论文 目次 I目 次摘要 .IAbstract.III第一章 绪论 .11.1 课题研究背景 .11.2 课题研究目的和意义 .11.3 国内外研究现状 .21.3.1 国外研究现状 .21.3.2 国内研究现状 .41.4 阅览室内空气污染特点 .51.5 本文研究内容 .6第二章 生物气溶胶的传播机理 .72.1 生物气溶胶简介 .72.1.1 生物气溶胶定义 .72.1.2 生物气溶胶来源 .72.1.3 生物气溶胶性质 .82.2 生物气溶胶的危害 .92
22、.3 生物气溶胶的传播方式 .92.4 生物气溶胶运动受力分析 .102.4.1 拖拽力 .112.4.2 重力 .112.4.3 热泳力 .112.4.4 空气压力梯度力 .122.4.5 附加质量力 .122.4.6 Basset 力 .122.4.7 Saffman 力 .132.4.8 布朗力 .132.4.9 受力综合分析 .132.5 生物气溶胶运动特性 .142.5.1 生物气溶胶的弛豫时间 .142.5.2 生物气溶胶的制动距离 .142.6 本章小结 .14第三章 图书馆阅览室污染物的实测与评价 .15II 目次 硕士研究生学位论文3.1 图书馆概况 .153.2 阅览室内污
23、染物实测 .153.2.1 实测地点 .153.2.2 实测设备 .153.2.3 测点的布置与选取 .173.2.4 实验测试步骤 .173.3 实测结果分析与评价 .173.3.1 温度、相对湿度和风速 .193.3.2 CO2 浓度分析 .193.3.3 pm2.5 与 pm10 浓度分析 .203.4 图书馆空气质量的主观调研 .203.5 本章小结 .22第四章 阅览室内污染物分布的数值模拟 .234.1 气流组织 .234.1.1 气流组织的含义 .234.1.2 公共空间的通风策略 .234.2 阅览室模型的建立 .244.2.1 阅览室模型的假设与简化 .244.2.2 典型污
24、染物的选择 .264.3 模拟相关参数设置 .264.3.1 模拟工况 .264.3.2 边界条件 .284.3.3 数值控制 .304.4 本章小结 .30第五章 阅览室污染物分布特性模拟分析 .315.1 阅览室内污染物自由扩散特性 .315.2 阅览室内自然通风污染物分布 .325.3 送风方向对污染物浓度场影响的模拟分析 .335.3.1 夏季阅览室内污染物浓度场 .335.3.2 冬季阅览室内污染物浓度场 .365.4 送风速度对污染物浓度场影响的模拟分析 .395.4.1 夏季垂直送风污染物浓度场 .395.4.2 夏季斜向下 30送风污染物浓度场 .405.4.3 夏季斜向下 60送风污染物浓度场 .405.4.4 冬季垂直送风污染物浓度场 .41硕士研究生学位论文 目次 III5.4.5 冬季斜向下 30送风污染物浓度场 .425.4.6 冬季斜向下 60送风污染物浓度场 .435.5 本章小结 .44第六章 阅览室气流组织评价与改进措施 .456.1 空气分布不均匀系数 .456.2 能量利用系数 .476.3 空气分布特性指标 .486.4 通风系统排污效率 .496.5 阅览室空气污染控制策略 .
