1、跨文化因素对英汉翻译的影响Influence of cross cultural factors in TranslationContents内容摘要 . iAbstract . iiIntroduction 1Chapter One XXXX XXX XXX 6Chapter Two XXX XXXX XXXXX 12Chapter Three XXXX XXXX XXXX . 20Conclusion . 28Works Cited . 30Acknowledgement . 32内容摘要字体为宋体，小四号字。不同的国家民族之间存在着极大的文化差异，不同民族之间的语言交流其实是不同民族之间
2、的文化交流。而翻译是一种跨文化的交际活动，译者要将两种语言进行对等翻译，使成功的进行跨文化交流。本文从跨文化的角度出发，以日常生活，文学作品，商务贸易这些主要的三方面分析说明了跨文化因素对英汉翻译的影响。提醒译者应重视中西方的差异，注重对文化因素的分析及翻译策略的运用，才能更准确的做到完美的英汉互译。AbstractThere are great cultural differences between different countries and nations,in fact,language communication between different ethnic groups i
3、s the cultural communication between different ethnic groups. Translation is a cross-cultural communicative activity, the translator must be going to equivalence translation in two languages, make cross-cultural communication successful. This article in a cross-cultural perspective, in daily life, l
4、iterary works, and business trade these three main aspects analyse and explain the influence of cross factors on the english-chinese translation. The translator should pay attention to the differences of Chinese and western, analysis of the cultural factors and reasonable use translation skills, can
5、 more accurately achieve a perfect english-chinese translation.Key Words: Cross cultural factors ；Translation ；Influence(关键词一般3-5个，宋体小四号字，词与词之间用分号隔开)Introduction【字体Times New Roman粗黑体; 字号小四】语言是文化中的一个重要因素，它记录着人类文化发展的历史。不同的国家，不同的地域，由于时间的推进，文明的进步，有时文化的发展也是不同的，而各国的语言也不尽相同，而对文化的表达亦会有偏差。现今各国各地的商业及人际交往越发密切，
6、当然我们不能让语言成为妨碍我们往来的绊脚石。于是，就需要有人将两国的语言翻译出来，使各国交往更加和谐顺畅。翻译就是通过把一种语言以同种意义转达成为另一种语言，使对方能理解自己所想要表达的事物。而在翻译过程中，不可避免的会受到文化因素的制约和影响，这就成了翻译过程中的难题。因此，任何翻译都离不开文化，既要了解本国文化，也要熟知所翻译的语言的国家与其文化，只有对两种文化有着深刻认识，翻译才能更有准确性。所以，翻译不仅是一种跨语言的交际行为，更是一种跨文化的交际行为。下面，本文将会深度对比分析三个情况下会遇到的翻译问题。Language is one of the most important fa
7、ctors in culture, which records the history of the development of human culture. Different countries, different regions, the time, the progress of civilization, sometimes the development of culture is different, but the language of different countries are not the same, but the expression of the cult
8、ure will also have the deviation. Nowadays the countries around the business and interpersonal more closely, we can not let the language becomes the stumbling block to our relations with. So, we need someone to translate the language of the two countries, exchanges between countries in a more harmon
9、ious and smooth. Translation is through a kind of language in the same meaning conveyed into another language, so that the other party can understand you want to express things. In the process of translation, inevitably influenced and restricted by cultural factors, this became a problem in the proc
10、ess of translation. Therefore, in any translation cannot do without culture, not only to understand their own culture, the state also want to know the Chinese language and culture, only two kinds of culture has a profound understanding, translation can be more accuracy. Therefore, translation is a c
11、ross language communication, is also a kind of cross-cultural communicative behavior. Below, this will be the depth of comparative analysis of three case of translation problems encountered.Chapter One 生活环境导致不同的思维方式Living environment lead to different ways of thinking【字体Times New Roman粗黑体; 字号小四】迥然不同
12、的生活环境使一些国家的观念及思维习惯与表达方式上产生不同。如果译者对两种语言所属的国家的观念及思维方式不甚了解，就会导致错误的翻译。Be totally different living environment so that some countries the idea and habit of thinking and way of expression differences. If the translator of the two languages of national concept and mode of thinking is not very understanding
13、, will lead to wrong translation.1.在英汉翻译中，对于颜色直译的意思是一致的，但当作为词或词组出现后所表达的含义有时会完全不同。例如：“greenhand”在英语里的意思会是新手，而红茶在英语里为“blacktea ”。西方人认为黑色不吉利，因此很多含黑色的词或词组大多为贬义，如“black marks”污点，“ black sheep”害群之马等。中国人视红色为吉利的颜色，但在英语表达中有警告、警示的意思，例如：“red battle”为血战的意思，“in the red”赤字、亏损。因此，在翻译过程中不能望而生义。1 in the English Chin
14、ese translation, the literal meaning of the color is consistent, but as the expression of a word or phrase appears meaning sometimes completely different. For example: “greenhand“ in English means is a novice, and Black Tea as “blacktea in english“. Westerners believe that black unlucky, so a lot of
15、 words or phrases containing black mostly pejorative, such as “black marks“ a “black sheep,“ an evil member of the herd. Chinese red is considered an auspicious color, but there are warning, warning the meaning in English, for example: “red battle“ to mean “bloody, in the red“ deficit, deficit. Ther
16、efore, in the process of translation can not hope and meaning.2.民族的禁忌与避讳。不同民族会有其不同的信仰及禁忌，例如美国人不吃羊肉及动物肝脏；日本人忌讳狐狸，樱花为其国花；而印度人视牛为神圣不可侵犯的保护动物；中国人钟爱龙，认为是龙的传人。而西方人认为龙是邪恶的象征，因此，亚洲四小龙的英文翻译为“Four Asian Tigers”而不是“Four Asian Dargon”。因为老虎是百兽之王，也是勇猛的象征。各民族对于数字也是有一定的禁忌的。例如中国人忌讳“4 ”，因其谐音 “死” ，而偏好“6 ”跟 “8”，寓为“顺利”
17、， “发财” 。而因其宗教信仰，一些国家尤其避讳“5” “及13” ，认为这是不吉利的数字，更是称呼星期五为“black Friday”。因此，不管是英译汉还是汉译英，在翻译上都要极为注意。Taboo and taboo 2 nation. Different people will have different beliefs and taboos, such as the Americans do not eat meat and animal liver; Japanese taboo fox, cherry for its flower; and Indians see the ox
18、for animal protection inviolability; Chinese Zhong Ailong, that are descendants of the dragon. While the Westerners think dragon is the symbol of evil, therefore, East Asian Tigers of English translated as “Four Asian Tigers“ instead of “Four Asian Dargon“. Because the tiger is the king of beasts, b
19、ut also a symbol of bravery. The nation also has a certain taboo for digital. For example Chinese taboo “4“, because its homonym for “death“, and “6“ and “8 preference“, which means “smooth“, “get rich“. Because of their religious beliefs, some countries especially taboo “5“ and “13“, think that thi
20、s is an unlucky number, is called Friday for “black Friday“. Therefore, whether it is translated from English to Chinese or Chinese English translation, the translation must be paid great attention.3.价值观的不同。自古以来，各民族的社会制度不同，导致现如今人们的价值观也不尽相同。在古代中国，一直有男尊女卑的思想，女人只是男人的附属品，女人是没有决定权的，也不会有机会表达自己的见解与看法。虽然在这个
21、宣扬人人平等的社会，到如今甚至有的地方女人的地位还是很卑微的。西方却有的是女王、女官，甚至有的为母系社会。在中国，因古时礼教制度的制约，人们接受的教育是谦逊有礼。对于别人的夸奖，东方人与西方人的反应完全不同。西方人会落落大方的接受并回赞对方，而东方人却是对此表现的很不好意思，甚至会说“哪里”或是“没有，你才是” 。也许是东方人的矜持作祟，导致比较内敛，不够洒脱。这也是西方人的其中一个无法理解东方人的因素。而西方人重隐私，对于我们中国人再正常不过的寒暄，有时他们会认为我们侵犯到了他的隐私。当我们在路上遇到相熟的人，通常会问“你吃饭了吗” ， “去接孩子吗” 。而西方人路遇朋友通常都是“Hey,h
22、ows going”大多是问近况，而回答也往往是笼统的，除非是很要好的朋友，会寻个空闲邀请你坐到咖啡厅，点上一杯饮品跟你详细聊一下。因此，在翻译过程中，遇到此类打招呼寒暄的时候，应转化为所译国家所能接受的语句。3 different values of. Since ancient times, different ethnic social system, cause the peoples values are not the same. In ancient China, always think that women are inferior to men thought women
23、than men, accessories, woman is no discretion, also will not have the opportunity to express its own views and opinions. Although in this promote egalitarian society, now even some local womens status was very humble. The West has the queen, the female official, and even some of the matriarchal soci
24、ety. In Chinese, restrained by the ancient ritual system, people receiving education is humble. With compliments, Asians and Westerners of the reaction is completely different. A westerner would be liberal and dignified acceptance and to praise each other, and the Oriental is behaved very feel shy,
25、even says “where“ or “no, it is you“. Perhaps the Oriental reserved work, resulting in more introverted, not free and easy. This is also the western the one cannot understand the oriental. While the westerners for privacy, we Chinese normal communication, sometimes theyll think we violate his privac
26、y. When we encounter other people on the road, often ask, “did you eat“, “to pick up the child“. While the Westerners met friends are usually “Hey, how s going“ mostly asked situation, and the answer is often vague, unless they are very good friends, will find a free invited you to sit Coffee hall, point a drink with chat with
