一、名词解释1估计方差:估计方差是指估计误差的离散程度。估计方差越大,估计误差的离散程度越大。VarR(x)=EZ一Z*2一m2=b2VEE估计误差是指实测值与承载真实值之间的误差。若实测值为:Z(xi)承载真实值为:ZV(xi)。则估计误差为:R(xi)二ZV(xi)-Z(xi)ER(xi)=EZV-Z*=mE2随机函数:假设一个样本空间O=,对于每一个样本WO都有一个函数Z(XXXj1,2,3,亠与之对应,其中xeX1xeX2xeX3xeX”则称Z(x2x3x”)为定义在112233nn123n(XX2X3,X”)上的随机函数。3.地理可达性(GeographicAccessibility):Accessibilityreferstotherelativeeasebywhichthelocationsofactivities,suchaswork,shopping,andhealthcare,canbereachedfromagivenlocation(BTS,1997)(马)地理