1、 本 科 毕 业 论 文 基于 SAP ERP 系统物料模块 进销存统计报表与供应商授信余额报表的开发 Based on SAP ERP Systems Material Module The Development of Inventory and Sales Statistical Form and the Suppliers Unused Credit Balance Statistical Form 姓 名: 学 号: 学 院:软件学院 系:软件工程 专 业:软件工程 年 级: 校外指导教师: 校内指导教师: 年 月 摘 要 当今,在竞争激烈的环境下,如何获得有利信息已成为现代企业的一
2、项重要投入。建立管理信息系统是实现管理现代化的主要步骤,它已成为企业管理的客观需要,也是一项基础性的建设。作为管理信息前沿科技 “企业资源计划( ERP)”是建立在信息技术基础上,以系统化的管理思想,为企业提供了决策运行的管理平台。 当今最为成功的 ERP 系 统是 SAP R/3 系统。为高效地运用现代 科技 的信息平台, SAP R/3 系统实现企业内部从原材料采购到生产、库存、销售、财务、成本管理的信息化以及所有部门子公司的财务结算;通过 SAP R/3 系统实现规范公司的管理流程,建立以财务为核心的管控体系 ; 实现公司内部信息的完全、快速高效的共享。 物料模块( MM)作为 R/3
3、系统中最重要的模块之一,覆盖了一个集成的供应链中所有的有关物料管理的任务。 该系统具备产生物料需求计划 、 采购申请及维护 、 货物的移动 、 发票校对 、 库存管理 、 库房管理 、 库房结构定义 、 库房转移处理 、 库存支持 、 供 应商评价 、 与应用相关的分类 、 采购信息系统维护 。 本文重点介绍了在 SAP 系统的物料模块( MM)下,运用 ABAP 语言设计和开发的两张报表 进销存统计报表和供应商授信余额统计表。进销存统计表统计各类业务项 目 下的月进销存情况;供应商授信余额表统计供应商的最大授信额、应付及订单未清金额。本文从软件工程的角度展示了对这两张报表的设计及开发,并且对
4、这两张报表的需求分析、概要设计、详细设计、测试进行了详细的分析与说明。 关键词: 物料模块 ; 进销存 ; 授信余额 Abstract Nowadays, how to search helpful information for the Modern Corporations is an important investment in the competitive environment. To build Management Information System is the main procedure to achieve the modernization of manageme
5、nt, this is the desirability for the business management. “Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)“ is the advanced technology which is based on the information technology, has the systematic management concept and supplies the platform of strategic decisions for the enterprises. SAP R/3 is the most succ
6、essful ERP System at these times. As an information platform that uses modern science and technology efficiently, SAP R/3 System makes all of the Informationization of the company come true, which include material purchases, productions, stores, sales, financials and cost managements Informationizat
7、ion, in addition, R/3 System executives all of departments and subsidiary companies financial settlements; R/3 System makes the Process of Management standardization and builds a hierarchy of control focus on the financial affairs; moreover, R/3 has those inner information to be shared absolutely, q
8、uickly and efficiently. The Material Module (MM) is one of the most important modules in the R/3 System, which covers all of the tasks about material management during the Supply Chain. This system has many functions as follows: producing Material Requirements Planning (MRP),Purchase Request and Mai
9、ntaining, moving goods, Receipts Check, Inventory Management, Store Management, defining the Storehouse Structure, dealing with the movement of storehouse, supporting the inventories, suppliers evaluations, classification about applications and purchase informations maintaining. The main content of
10、this thesis is the introduction about the Inventory and Sales Statistical Form and the Suppliers Unused Credit Balance Statistical Form, both are under the SAP Systems Material Module (MM).The Inventory and Sales Statistical Form evaluates all operational projects inventory and sales data monthly; t
11、he Suppliers Unused Credit Balance Statistical Form evaluates suppliers maximum credit balance, payable account and outstanding balance. In this thesis, I explain the design and development about both of these two forms from Software Engineering View, moreover, readers can get the Requirement Analys
12、is, Preliminary Design, Detailed Design and Test in details. Key words: Material Module; Inventory and Sales; Unused Credit Balance. 目 录 第一章 SAP ERP 系统概述与工作原理 . 1 1.1 SAP 概述 . 1 1.1.1 SAP 的发展及现状 . 1 1.1.2 SAP R/3 系统概述 . 1 1.2 SAP ERP 概述 . 2 1.3 SAP R/3 BASIS 系统工作原理 . 3 1.3.1 R/3 系统的基本结构 . 3 1.3.2 R/
13、3 系统同数据库的数据交换过程 . 4 1.3.3 R/3 系统的事务处理 . 4 1.3.4 R/3 数据流 . 4 1.4 SAP ABAP/4 数据字典 . 5 1.5 SAP R/3 应用系统 . 5 1.5.1 应用系统概述 . 5 1.5.2 应用系统的重要设计思想 . 5 1.6 SAP 实施步骤 . 6 1.7 SAP R/3 主要模块简介 . 7 1.7.1 FI 模块 . 7 1.7.2 SD 模块 . 7 1.7.3 MM 模块 . 8 第二章 物料模块( MM)设计 . 9 2.1 概述和组织结构 . 9 2.2 物料主记录 . 11 2.3 供应商主记录 . 12 2
14、.4 采购系统概述 . 12 2.5 库存管理 . 13 2.5.1 与物料管理( MM)的结合 . 13 2.5.2 与生产计划( PP)的结合 . 14 2.5.3 与销售 &分销( SD)的结合 . 14 2.5.4 与质量管理( QM)的结合 . 14 2.5.5 与工厂维护( PM)的结合 . 14 2.5.6 与后勤信息系统( LIS)的结合 . 14 2.6 发票校验 . 15 第三章 进销存统计表设计 . 17 3.1 需求分析 . 17 3.1.1 需求概述 . 17 3.1.2 需求规格说明 . 17 3.2 概要设计 . 20 3.2.1 内表定义 . 20 3.2.2
15、数据库表结构及检索 . 20 3.2.3 取数逻辑设计 . 22 3.2.4 功能概要 (PG 流程 ) . 23 3.3 详细设计 . 25 3.3.1 屏幕设计 . 25 3.3.2 屏幕切换 . 26 3.3.3 程序结构图 . 27 3.3.4 程序处理详细设计 . 28 第四章 供应商授信余额表设计 . 37 4.1 需求分析 . 37 4.1.1 模块划分 . 37 4.1.2 模块说明 . 38 4.1.3 参考数据表说明 . 40 4.2 概要设计 . 40 4.2.1 功能概要 . 40 4.2.2 数据库表 结构及检索 . 41 4.2.3 内表定义及取数逻辑 . 42 4
16、.2.4 PG 流程 . 43 4.3 详细设计 . 44 4.3.1 屏幕设计 . 44 4.3.2 屏幕切换 . 44 4.3.3 程序系统结构图 . 45 4.3.4 程序详细处理说明 . 46 4.3.5 数据定义说明 . 48 4.3.6 通用模块使用说明 . 50 4.4 测试与运行 . 50 4.4.1 程序运行 . 50 4.4.2 测试方法 . 51 第五章 总结与展望 . 56 5.1 总结 . 56 5.2 展望 . 57 致谢 .58 参考文献 . 59 Contents Chapter1 The Overview and work principle of SAP E
17、RP System . 1 1.1 The Overview of SAP ERP . 1 1.2 The Overview of SAP . 1 1.2.1 The Development and Presentsituation of SAP. 1 1.2.2 The System Overview of SAP R/3 . 2 1.3 The Operating Principle of SAP R/3 BASIS System. 3 1.3.1 The Basic Structure of R/3 System . 3 1.3.2 Data Exchange Process betwe
18、en R/3 System and Database . 4 1.3.3 The Transaction Processing of R/3 System . 4 1.3.4 The Data Stream of R/3 . 4 1.4 The Data Dictionary of SAP ABAP/4 . 5 1.5 The Application System of SAP R/3 . 5 1.5.1 The Overview of Application System. 5 1.5.2 The Design Philosophy of Application System . 5 1.6
19、 The Implementation Step of SAP. 6 1.7 The Introduction of the main module in SAP R/3 . 7 1.7.1 FI Module . 7 1.7.2 SD Module . 7 1.7.3 MM Module . 8 Chapter 2 The Design of Material Module. 9 2.1 The Overview and Structure . 9 2.2 Materials Master Record . 11 2.3 Suppliers Master Record . 12 2.4 Th
20、e Overview of Procurement System . 12 2.5 Inventory Management . 13 2.5.1 The Combination with MM . 13 2.5.2 The Combination with PP. 14 2.5.3 The Combination with SD . 14 2.5.4 The Combination with QM. 14 2.5.5 The Combination with PM . 14 2.5.6 The Combination with LIS . 14 2.6 The Check of Invoic
21、e . 15 Chapter 3 The Design of Statistics Table of Inventory and Sales . 17 3.1 Requirements Analysis. 17 3.1.1 The Overview of Requirements . 17 3.1.2 The Specifications of Requirements . 17 3.2 Preliminary Design. 20 3.2.1 The Definitions of Inner Tables. 20 3.2.2 The Structures and Searches of Da
22、tabase Table . 20 3.2.3 The Design of Data Access Logic . 22 3.2.4 The Overview of Functions(PG Process) . 23 3.3 Detailed Design . 25 3.3.1 The Design of Screens . 25 3.3.2 The Switch between Screens . 26 3.3.3 The Structural Diagram of Program . 27 3.3.4 The Detailed Design of Program Processing .
23、 28 Chapter 4 The Design of Unused Credit Balance about Suppliers.37 4.1 Requirements Analysis. 37 4.1.1 Modules Dividing . 37 4.1.2 The Introductions of Modules . 38 4.1.3 The Introductions of Reference Data Tables . 40 4.2 Preliminary Design. 40 4.2.1 The Overview of Functions . 40 4.2.2 The Struc
24、tures and Searches of Database Table . 41 4.2.3 The Definitions of Inner Tables and Data Access Logic . 42 4.2.4 PG Process . 43 4.3 Detailed Design . 44 4.3.1 The Design of Screens . 44 4.3.2 The Switch between Screens . 44 4.3.3 The Structural Diagram of Program . 45 4.3.4 The Detailed Design of Program Processing . 46 4.3.5 The Introductions of Definitions of Datas . 48 4.3.6 The Directions for Use about Universal Blocks . 49 4.4 Test and Execution . 50 4.4.1 Program Execution . 50 4.4.2 Test Methods . 51 Chapter 5 Summary and Prospect . 56 5.1 Summary . 56 5.2 Prospect .