1、 河北海兴中学高考英语阅读理解专项分类突破题库 （ 地理类 ） (1) Death Valley is one of the most famous deserts in the United States, covering a wide area with its alkali sand. Almost 20 percent of this area is well below sea level, and Badwater, a salt water pool, is about 280 feet below sea level and the lowest point in the U
2、nited States. Long ago the Panamint Indians called this place “Tomesha” the land of fire. Death Valleys present name dates back to 1849, when a group of miners coming across from Nevada became lost in its unpleasantness and hugeness and their adventure turned out to be a sad story. Today Death Valle
3、y has been declared a National Monument(纪念碑 ) and is crossed by several well-marked roads where good services can be found easily. Luckily the change created by human settlement has hardly ruined the special beauty of this place. Here nature created a lot of surprising, almost like the sights on the
4、 moon, ever-changing as the frequent wind moves the sand about, showing the most unusual colors. One of the most astonishing and variable parts of Death Valley is the Devil s Golf Course, where it seems hard for one to tell reality from terrible dreams. Sand sculptures(沙雕 ) stand on a frightening gr
5、ound, as evening shadows move and lengthen. 1. _ is the lowest place in the desert. A. Tomesha B. Death Valley C. Nevada D. Badwater 2. The name of the valley comes from _. A. an Indian name B. the death of the miners C. the local people D. a National Movement 3. From the passage we can learn that _
6、. A. no one had ever known the desert before the miners B. its still not easy to travel across the desert C. people can find gas-stations, cafes and hotels in the desert D. people have changed the natural sight of the desert 4. Devil Golf Course is famous for _. A. the frequent wind B. the colors of
7、 the sand C. dream-like sights D. the sand sculptures 5. From the passage we can see that the writer _ the Death Valley. A. appreciates B. is fearful of C. dislikes D. is tired of 【答案解析】本文介绍了美国的一个著名沙漠 “死亡谷 ”名称的由来以及 “死亡谷 ”奇特的风光。 1. D。细节题。根据 and Badwater, a salt water pool, is about 280 feet below sea
8、 level and the lowest point in the United States 可推知此题答案为 D。 2. B。推断题。根据 when a group of miners coming across from Nevada became lost in its unpleasantness and hugeness and their adventure turned out to be a sad story 可知 “死亡谷 ”的名称来源于这些迷路矿工的死亡。 3. C。推断题。根据 well -marked roads where good services can b
9、e found easily 可以判断 C 为最佳答案。 4. C。细节题。根据 where it seems hard for one to tell reality from terrible dreams 可推知答案为 C。 5. A。推断题。根据 the special beauty of this placelike the sights on the moon ever-changingshowing the most unusual colors 等关键词语可以知道 作者是带着赞赏的语气来描述 “死亡谷 ”的。 (2) The Erie Canal was the first i
10、mportant national waterway built in the US. It crossed New York from Buffalo on Lake Erie Troy to Albany on the Hudson River. It joined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. The canal served as a route over which industrial goods could flow into the west, and materials could pour into the east. T
11、he Erie Canal helped New York develop into the nations largest city. The building of the canal was paid for entirely by the state of New York. It cost $ 7 143 789, but it soon gained its price many times over. Between 1825, when the canal was opened, and 1882, when toll charges(过运河费 ) were stopped,
12、the state collected $121 461 891. For a hundred years before the Erie was built, people had been talking about a canal which could join the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. The man who planned the Erie Canal and carried the plan through was De Witt Clinton. Those who were against the canal laughi
13、ngly called it “Clintons Ditch(沟 )”. Clinton talked and wrote about the canal and drew up plans for it. He and Governor Morris went to Washington in 1812 to ask for help for the canal, but they were unsuccessful. Clinton became governor of New York in 1817, and shortly afterwards, on July 4, 1817, b
14、roke ground for the canal in Rome, N.Y. The first part of the canal was completed in 1820. As the canal grew, towns along its course developed fast. The length of the canal is 363 miles. 1. We can see that the Erie Canal _. A. joined the Great Lakes together B. crossed New York from north to south C
15、. played an important part in developing New York City D. was the first waterway built in the US 2. It can be inferred that _ into the Atlantic Ocean. A. the Great Lakes flow B. the Hudson River flows C. Lake Erie flows D. the Erie Canal flows 3. Which of the following is true according to the passa
16、ge? A. The Erie Canal brought profits of over $114, 000, 000. B. Its 363 miles from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. C. The West was more advanced than the East when the canal was built. D. Many other states helped New York built the canal. 4. Which of the following is true according to the pa
17、ssage? A. Clinton broke ground for the canal at both ends. B. Clinton started building the canal before he became governor. C. All parts of the canal were completed at the same time. D. Construction of the canal took eight years. (14 CBAD) 【答案与解析】本文介绍了 Erie Canal 的作用及修建过程。 1. C。细节题。根据文章第 1 段最后一句 The
18、 Erie Canal helped New York develop into the nations largest city 及全段内容，可推知此题答案为 C。 2. B。推断题。根据文章第 1 段第 2 句和第 3 句：运河 from Buffalo on Lake Erie Troy to Albany on the Hudson River 横跨了 New York 把 the Great Lakes 和 the Atlantic Ocean 联系起来了可推知此题答案为 B。 3. A。推断题。通过比较文章第 2 段第 2 句 It cost $ 7, 143, 789 和第 2
19、段最后一句中的 the state collected $121, 461, 891 可推知此题答案为 A。 4. D。推断题。根据文章最后一段第 1 句中的 on July 4, 1817, broke ground for the canal in Rome, N.Y. 和第 2 段第 2 句中的 Between 1825, when the canal was opened 可推知此题答案为 D。 自然类 (1) The blue tits(山雀 ) have been inspecting the nest-box again this year. The male is the ho
20、use-hunter but the female will make the final choice. He lands at the hole and turns his head to expose his white cheeks as a signal to attract the female from where she has been feeding. Among many birds that nest in holes, the male has a light-coloured patch on its plumage(鸟羽 ) which acts as signa
21、l for drawing the females attention to a suitable nesting-place. Unlike the blue tit, the redstart(红尾鸲 ) may be only the male that strikingly coloured and the female is not beautiful. A few years ago I was lucky enough to spot a pair of redstarts in action in a Walsh wood. The male was leading an in
22、terested female to holes that he had previously(先前 ) checked out. He sat at the entrance of each hole and put his head on to show off his white forehead, or his head in to reveal(显露 ) his tail. If the female failed to react to his visual signals, the male sometimes sang for extra effect, while glidi
23、ng towards her on spread wings and tail. Once the female accepts by following the male through the hole the displays stop, you must be at the right place at the right time to watch them. 1. How do the blue tits choose their nest? A. They choose their nest together. B. The male chooses their nest. C.
24、 The house-hunter chooses their nest. D. The female chooses their nest. 2. The writer was lucky to see _. A. how the male made his tricks B. how an interested female played with the male happily C. what the male displayed and won the female D. that the male tried his best but failed to attract the f
25、emale 3. You can spot a pair of redstarts in a Walsh wood _. A. at any time B. regularly C. in April D. occasionally 4. The writer is probably _. A. a bird expert B. a bird-hunter C. a bird raiser D. a scientist 【答案与解析】本文主要是讲 the male redstart 是怎样使出浑身解数吸引 the female 入巢的。 1. D。细节题。从第 1 段第 2 句话 The ma
26、le is the house-hunter but the female will make the final choice 可以做出正确选择。 2. C。判断题。从第 3 段第 1 句 I was lucky enough to spot a pair of redstarts in action in a Walsh wood 和文章第三、四段的内容可 知答案为 C。 3. D。语义理解题。根据 A few years ago I was lucky enough to 和 you must be at the right place at the right time to see
27、them 可知答案为 D。 4. A。推断题。从文章内容来看，文中不仅提到了鸟的一些习性，而且对雄鸟如何吸引雌鸟入巢了解得很清楚，可见作者可能是一位研究鸟类的专家。 (2) Although man has known asbestos for many hundreds of years, it was not until 160 years ago that it was mined for the first time on the North American continent. H. W. Johns, owner of a New York City Supply Shop fo
28、r roofers, was responsible for(对 负责 ) the opening of that first mine. Mr. Johns was given a piece of asbestos which had been found in Italy. He experimented with the material and then showed its surprising powers to his customers. After putting on a pair of asbestos gloves, which looked much like or
29、dinary work gloves, he took red-hot coals from the fireplace and played with them in his hands. How astonished the customers were to discover that he was not burned at all. You can well imagine that he had increasing business in asbestos roofing materials. However, because it was very expensive to t
30、ransport (carry) them from Italy to the United States, Mr. Johns sent out a young scientist to seek a source nearer home. This young man found great vein(岩脉 ), in the province of Quebec in Canada. Ever since 1881 Quebec has led the world in the production of this unusual mineral, which is made up of
31、 magnesium, silicon, iron, and oxygen. When it is mined, the asbestos is heavy, just as you would expect a mineral to be. When it is separated, a strange thing happens; the rock breaks down into fine, soft, soapy fibres(纤维 ). Scientists do not know why the rock can be separated easily into threads(线
32、 ), but they have found thousands of uses of this fireproof material, of the so-called “cloth of stone”. 1. Which title best expresses the main idea of this passage? A. Asbestos mined in Canada B. Fireproof matter C. A “wonder” mineral D. A new roofing material 2. Johns proved his ability as a sales
33、man by_. A. going into roofing business B. carrying asbestos from Italy C. sending a trained scientist D. showing the use of asbestos gloves 3. Which is the most important character of asbestos that the author wants to show us? A. It is like thread. B. It feels soapy. C. It burns easily. D. It is un
34、usually heavy. 4. The authors main purpose in writing this passage was to _. A. show the need for more scientists B. compare asbestos with other minerals C. increase the sales of asbestos D. present facts about asbestos 【答案解析】本文讲述了耐火材料石棉在北美的开采过程及它的神奇耐火作用。 1. C。主旨题。短文主要介绍了石棉的神奇作用。故 C 最佳。 2. D。细节题。根据
35、After putting on a pair of asbestos gloves, took red -hot coals from the fireplace and played with them in his hands 可推知，他是用当场演示的方法来推销他的产品的。故答案为 D。 3. A。推断题。根据 When it is separated, a strange thing happens; the rock breaks down into fine, soft, soapy fibres(纤维 )及 Scientists do not know why the rock
36、can be separated easily into thread 可以断定答案为 A。 4. D。推断题。从短文中可以看出来作者写这篇文章只不过陈述事实而已。 历史类 Every object tells a story. Even the most ordinary objects can present to us powerful images. Sometimes it is the ordinary nature of these objects that actually makes them so extraordinary. Such is the case with a
37、n old leather shoe in a museum in Alaska. At first glance it does not look like much. It is a womans shoe of a style popular in the 1890s. But what is unique(独特的 ) about this shoe is where it was found. It was discovered on the Checkout Pass, the famous trail used by the people seeking gold in Alask
38、a. Who it belonged to or why it was left there is not known. Was it perhaps dropped by accident as the woman climbed up the 1500 stairs carved outface? Or did she throw away goods that she didnt need in order to travel lighter? Over 100, 000 people with “gold fever” made this trip hoping to become m
39、illionaires. Few of them understood that on their way they would have to cross a harsh wildness. Unprepared for such a dangerous journey, many died of starvation and exposure to the cold weather. The Canadian government finally started requiring the gold seekers to bring one ton of supplies with the
40、m. This was thought to be enough for a person to survive for one year. They would carry their supplies in backpacks(背包 ) each weighing up to fifty pounds; it usually took at least 40 trips to get everything to the top and over the pass. Whoever dropped the shoe must have been a brave and determined
41、woman. Perhaps she was successful and made it to Alaska. Perhaps she had to turn back in defeat. No one will ever know for sure, but what we do know is that she took part in one of the greatest adventures in the 19th century. 1. The ordinary womans leather shoe is considered unusual because _. A. it
42、 was an important clue to life in the past B. it was found on a famous trail C. it at one time belonged to a VIP D. it was a fashionable shoe at that time 2. According to this passage, many people who went to Alaska _. A. eventually became millionaires B. brought with them many shoes C. had conflict
43、s with the Eskimos D. were not properly equipped 3. The Canadian government made gold seekers bring one years supplies with them so that _. A. they would not die of hunger and cold B. the army would have enough food for fighting a war C. they would change these goods with the Eskimos D. the supplies
44、 would make Alaska rich 4. No matter what happened to the woman who owned the shoe, _. A. she must have lived a happy life B. she certainly dropped the shoe on purpose C. her adventurous spirit is definitely admired D. her other shoes were equally fashionable 【答案与解析】本文由在 Alaska 州博物馆所陈列的一只旧鞋而引出的对当时情况
45、的介绍及表达了对这只鞋的主人敬佩之情。 1. B。细节题。根据第 1 段中的 But what is unique about this shoe is where it was found. It was discovered on the Checkout Pass, the famous trail 可推知此题答案为 B。 2. D。细节题。根据第 2 段最后一句 Unprepared for such a dangerous journey 可推知此题答案为 D。 3. A。推断题。根据第 2 段最后一句及第 3 段第 1 句可推知此题答案为 A。 4. C。细节题。根据文章最后一句可
46、推知此题答案为 C。 科技类 (1) With only about 1, 000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone(克隆 ) the animal and save the endangered species(物种 ). Thats a move similar to what a Texas A & M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noahs Ar
47、k”. Noahs Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos(胚胎 ), semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A & Ms College of Veterinary Medicine, says there would be enough of the basic building
48、blocks to reintroduce the species in the future. It is estimated that as many as 2, 000 species of mammals, birds reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years. This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal. The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete. “The nuclear transfer(核子移植 ) of one species to another is no
