1、 成人預防接種亞東醫院職業醫學科主任育部部定講師教吳宗穎醫師immunization rates 1.Elderly adult in USA:pneumococcal vaccine coverage 64%annual influenza immunization 70% 2.younger adult (18-49y/o) at risk: pneumococcal vaccine coverage 12%influenza immunization 20%50,000 and 70,000 adults die annually of these two vaccine prevent
2、able diseases alone 47 % of adults serological antibody to both tetanus and diphtheria The national goals of 2010 :elimination of diphtheria, measles, mumps, rubella, and tetanusat least a 75 percent reduction in hepatitis A and B90 percent compliance with pneumococcal and influenza vaccines PRINCIP
3、LES OF IMMUNIZATION 一. Active immunization:inducing B-cell proliferationantibody responseT-cell sensitization *derived from:whole killed bacterialive attenuated bacteria or virusesantigenic subunits of organisms Active immunizationpneumococcal Influenzahepatitis BMMRVaricellahepatitis A vaccines. Ac
4、tive immunizationToxoids-bacterial toxins modified to render them nontoxicInduce: antitoxin antibody antitoxin antibody binds to bacterial toxin preventing toxin-mediated disease tetanus and diphtheria toxoid 二. Passive immunization administration of antibodies:IM immune globulin derived from pooled
5、 human serum antitoxin derived from serum from immunized animals -offers short-term protection -immunocompromised patients not routinely recommended for healthy adults Safety of immunization feverlocal reactions at the site of injectionserum sickness-like reactions -caused by immunogenic moiety in vaccinetrace amounts of antibiotics preservatives stabilizersresidual animal proteins (not true contraindication)True contraindications of vaccination Raresevere hypersensitivity reactionssuch as anaphylaxis severe neurologic complications. live virus vaccines to immunocompromised patients
