1、1“CANCER” Refers to a Malignant Neoplasm (New growth)Cancer cells can manifest: Uncontrolled proliferation. 无限增殖 Dedifferentiation. 去分化 Invasiveness. 浸润性 The ability to metastasize. 转移性2Leading causes of death EpidemiologyHeart DiseasesCancerCerebrovascular DiseasesChronic Obstructive Lung DiseasesA
2、ccidentsPneumonia & InfluenzaDiabetes MellitusSuicideHomicideHIV Infection0.70.91.32.73.74.14.76.923.331.4Percentage of Total Deaths, US3Morbidity and Mortality of Main Cancers4Phases of Oncogenesis5Molecular Mechanism of OncogenesisDNA损伤:化学物电离辐射病毒正常细胞DNA损伤体细胞基因突变活化调节凋亡的基因活化促进生长的癌基因 灭活肿瘤抑制基因表达异常的癌蛋白
3、失去抑制生长产物凋亡失去控制恶性肿瘤形成遗传性DNA突变见于:DNA修复有关基因 细胞生长或凋亡基因6Neoplastic Cell Cycle TimeDifferentiation RestingG2SG1M无增殖能力细胞DeathG07Remedy for Cancer Surgery Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Chinese medicine Immunotherapy Genetherapy Combined therapy Palliative therapy Others8Antineoplastic Agents and Biologic Respon
4、se modifiers9History 1865年,Lissauer 亚砷酸盐白血病 1941年,耶鲁大学 Goodman & Gilman 氮芥淋巴瘤 1941年,Huggins 雌激素前列腺癌 1943年,Rhoads 烷化剂恶性淋巴瘤 1948年,Farber 氨甲碟呤小儿急性淋巴细胞性白血病 1961年,李明秋 联合化疗治疗睾丸肿瘤 1966年,Skipper 用L1210 模型确立化疗药动学 1966年,Bruce 抗癌药物药理学研究 1966年,DjeRassi 大剂量化疗 1968年,Karnofsky 提出肿瘤内科学 1985年,Rosenberg 倡导过继性免疫疗法 1991年,首例肿瘤(黑色素瘤)基因治疗10ALKYLATINGAGENTSNATURALPRODUCTSANTIMETABOLITES HORMONES ANDANTAGONISTSMISCELLANEOUS AGENTSANTINEOPLASTICDRUGSClasses of drugs