1、小升初英语基本语法与练习五 动词 知识要点 动词表示人或事物的动作或状态。 根据其在句中的功能， 动词可分为四类，分别是实义动词 （指某个具体的静态如： think, love 等或动态如： run, walk 等）、 系动词 （常用的是 be, feel, get, look, taste 等）、助动词 （常用的是 do, does, did 等用来构成否定句及疑问句）、 情态动词 （常用的有 can, may, must, shall, should 等，情态动词后一定要跟动词原形）。 1) 动词的基本形式 绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和
2、过去分词。 A. 第三人称单数形式的构成 一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加 s 或 es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同： 1. 一般情况下只在动词后加 s，如 work-works, write-writes. 2. 以 o,s, x, sh, ch 结尾的动词，后加 es，如 guess-guesses, mix-mixes, finish-finishes, catch-catches. 3. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，改 y 为 i 加 es，如 study-studies. 注：不规则变化的有 have-has B. 现在分词的构成 1. 一般情况下在动词后加
3、 ing，如 study-studying, work-working. 2. 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，先去掉 e 再加 ing，如 write-writing, move-moving. 3. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾一个辅音字母，再加 ing，如 get-getting, begin-beginning. 4. 以 ie 结尾的名词，一般将 ie 改为 y，再加 ing，如 lie-lying, die-dying, tie-tying. C. 过去式和过去分词的构成 1. 一般情况直接加 ed，如 ask-asked, work-worked.
4、 2. 以不发音的 e 结尾，只加 d，如 love-loved, dance-danced. 3. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾，把 y 变为 i 加 ed，如 try-tried, study-studied. 4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，先双写末 尾一个字母，再加ed，如 stop-stopped. 练习： I. 用 be 动词的适当形式填空 1. _ your father a worker Yes, he _. 2.They _ in the classroom 3.Where _ my books 4.These _her pears. 5.How much
5、_the T-shirt? 6.How much _ the socks? 7.Our mother _forty last year. 8.You can _ in our school music club. 9.Lets _friends. 10.He and I _friends. 11.Someone _ in the room. 12. There _ some apples on the table yesterday. II划出每句中正确的词 1.(Is/Are)his eraser on the sofa? 2.(Where/What)are your baseball? 3
6、.(Do/Does)Mary have a clock? 4.(Are/Do)they want to see a movie? 5.(Is/Can)she play the violin? 6.I (dont/ doesnt)like hamburgers. 7.Why does Alice (likes/like)music? 8.Who (am/is) your father? 9.(What/Whats) her favorite subject? 10.How much (are/is) her socks? 11. I (am, is, was, were) busy last w
7、eek. 12. Tom and I (am, are, was, were) late for school yesterday. 13. I (walk, walks, walked, walking) to school last Saturday. 14. Rose (does not, did not, ) visit her uncle last month. 15. There (is, was, are, were) a lot of people over there ten years ago. III写出下列动词的第三人称单数、现在分词和过去式。 如： look - lo
8、oks - looking- looked drink_ _ _ go _ _ _ stay _ _ _ make _ _ _ teach_ _ _ ride _ _ _ have_ _ _ pass_ _ _ carry _ _ _ come_ _ _ watch_ _ _ plant_ _ _ fly_ _ _ study_ _ _ brush_ _ _ read_ _ _ run _ _ _ write_ _ _ swim_ _ _ get_ _ _ say_ _ _ take _ _ _ see_ _ _ begin_ _ _ dance_ _ _ IV.用所给词的正确形式填空。 1.
9、 Let me _ (help) you find your purse. 2. Would you like_(buy) things for New Years Day? 3. I like _( make) kites. 4. He can_ (skate) better than ME. 5. You must _( listen) to your teacher in class. 6. They enjoy_(play) basketball. 7. She wants_(watch) cartoons. 8. Its time for us _( read) books. 知识要
10、点 2). 一般现在时 一般现在时的用法： 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如： The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如： I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如： The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 4. 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词，如： begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close 等。 如：The meeting be
11、gins at seven.会议 7 点开始。 5.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如： If you come this afternoon, well have a meeting.如果你今天下午来，我们将开会。 一般现在时的结构 : 1. be 动词：主语 +be(am ,is, are)+其它。如： I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词：主语 +行为动词 (+其它 )。如： We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数 (he, she, it)时，要在动词后加 “-s“或 “-es“。如： Mary likes Chine
12、se.玛丽喜欢汉语。 一般现在时常用的时间词： often, usually, sometimes, every day(week, year.)等。 练习： I.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _
13、(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby c
14、arefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? It
15、s Saturday II. 改错 (划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上 ) 1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _ 知识要点 3). 现在进行时 现在进行时的用法： .现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 现在进行时的结
16、构： be+动词 ing. 现在进行时常见的标志词： now, Look! Listen! 现在进行时还可以表示将来 .如 : He is flying to Beijing tomorrow.他明天将乘飞机去北京。 练习： I.用所给的动词的正 确形式填空： 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen ! Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look! They
17、 _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 11.Its ten oclock. My mother _(lie)in bed. 1
18、2. What _he _(mend)? 13. We _(play)games now. 14.What _you_(do) these days? 15. _he _(clean) the classroom? 16. Who_(sing)in the next room? 17. The girl_(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She _(wear)a red sweater today. II.单项选择 ( )1.Look! He _their mother do the housework. A. is helping B. are help C. i
19、s help D .is helpping ( )2 ._are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room. A .Who B .How C. What D.Where ( )3. Dont talk here. My mother _. A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep ( )4. Danny _. Dont call him. A. is writeing B .is writing C. writing D .writes ( )5.-When_ he_ back? -
20、 Sorry, I dont know. A. does, come B. are ,coming C. is ,come D. is ,coming ( )6. The children _ football. A. is playing B. are playing C. play the D. play a ( )7. Listen! She_ in the classroom. A. is singing B. sing C .to sing D. is sing ( )8. Its six in the afternoon. The Greens_ lunch together. A
21、. has B. are having C. have had D. had had ( )9. Some Germans _(visit) our school. A. is visiting B. are visiting C. visit D visiting ( )10. I want to know when he _ for New York tomorrow. A. has left B. is leaving C. had left D. has been leaving A. is visiting B. are visiting C. visit D visiting (
22、)15.Some Germans _(visit) our school. 知识要点 4). 一般将来时 一般将来时的用法：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 一般将来时的基本结构： be going to + do ； will+ do. 一般将来时常用的时间词： tomorrow, next week (month, year),soon, the day after t omorrow， in+一段时间等。 练习： I. 填空。 1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picni
23、c with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛 ? 我将去打篮球。 What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3.你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _ you _ _ meet? II. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.Today is a sunny day. We_ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 2. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next
24、week. 3.Tom often_(go) to school on foot. But today is rainy. He _ (go) to school by bike. 4.What do you usually do on weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 5.Its Friday today. What _she_ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects. 6. What _ you_ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows. 7. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 8. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 9. I _ (plan) for my study now 知识要点 5). 一般过去时 一般过去时的用法：间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般
