1、 密级: 硕士学位论文大型原油储罐安装过程安全风险分析及研究作者姓名： 指导教师： 学位类别： 工 程 硕 士 学科专业： 项 目 管 理 研 究 所： 中国科学院大学工程管理与信息技术学院 二零一三年十月Researching on Safety Risk Assessment atInstallation Process of Storage Crude oil tankByAori QilengA Dissertation Submitted toGraduate University of Chinese Academy of SciencesIn partial fulfillmen
2、t of the requirementFor the degree ofMaster of Project ManagementCollege of Engineering and Information TechnologyGraduate University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesOct, 2013中国科学院大学直属院系研究生学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。尽我所知，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对论文所涉及的研究工作做
3、出贡献的其他个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明或致谢。作者签名： 日 期：中国科学院大学直属院系学位论文授权使用声明本人完全了解并同意遵守中国科学院有关保存和使用学位论文的规定，即中国科学院有权保留送交学位论文的副本，允许该论文被查阅，可以公布该论文的全部或部分内容，可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存、汇编本学位论文。涉密的学位论文在解密后适用本声明。作者签名： 导师签名： 日 期： 日 期：摘 要摘 要随着能源紧张问题的日渐突出，国内外对原油储罐的需求也在不断增加，而大型原油储罐建设作为众多石油基建工程中的一项重点工程项目，具有体积大、安装周期长、施工标准高、技术难度大、涉及工种多、全天
4、候暴露等特点，致使整个大型原油储罐安装过程安全风险因素多而复杂。因此，如何针对大型储罐安装过程中存在的安全风险进行全面细致的识别，建立科学、合理的安全风险评价管理模式，减少事故发生，保护员工安全，是很多石油建设企业关注的问题。本文在查阅大量文献和实践调研的基础上，对于大型原油储罐安装过程安全风险进行了全面深入的分析，完成的主要工作如下：（1）通过对国内某大型石油工程建设公司 2005 年-2012 年的全部可记录事故事件分析入手，统计出石油工程建设行业常见的 12 种事故类型以及发生事故频率较高的 10 类危险性作业。（2）采用德尔菲法将大型原油储罐安装过程分解为工程准备、施工过程、验收试运行
5、等 3 个阶段，其中施工过程阶段又分解为罐基槽开挖等 14 个作业工序，针对每项作业工序分别识别出其关联的危险性作业。（3）采用事故案例分析法，就大型原油储罐安装过程中的 13 起典型事故案例进行了认真剖析，总结出事故发生的原因和规律，形成储罐安装过程危险性作业与事故触发条件统计表。（4）通过对目前常用的风险评价方法进行了选择比较，在充分考虑到大型原油储罐安装过程作业特点、评价资料数据的收集情况以及参与储罐安装过程各个阶段人员知识和经验方面的差异等因素，提出了大型原油储罐安装作业过程安全风险评价综合管理模式，即在工程准备阶段采用预先危险性分析法（PHA）和作业条件危险性评价法（LEC）相结合的
6、评价方法；在施工过程阶段采用安全检查表法（SCL）和工作安全分析法（JSA） ；在验收试运行阶段采用启动前安全检查法（PSSR） ，从而实现对储罐安装各个阶段安全风险的识别、控制及管理。本文最后以伊拉克艾哈代布油田 5 万立方米原油储罐安装项目为例，将研究出的大型原油储罐安装作业过程安全风险评价管理模式在该项目建设的全过大型原油储罐安装过程安全风险分析及研究程进行了应用，取得了较好的效果，确保了该项目安全平稳一次投产成功，进一步证明了该管理模式的适应性、系统性、针对性和合理性。关键词：储罐，安装过程，安全风险，评价模式AbstractAbstractAs the energy shortage
7、 is highlighted increasingly, the demand for large crude oil tank at home and abroad is increased as well. The construction process of the large-size crude storage tank, as one of the key engineering projects, have the characteristics of large size, long installation period required, high constructi
8、on standard and technical required, large quantity of disciplines involved and all-weather exposure, etc. which cause the installation process of large-size crude storage tank remains more and complicated safety risks factors, and the foreseeability and controllability of the accident is correspondi
9、ngly weaker. How to comprehensively identify the hazards and risks existed in the construction and installation process of the large-size storage tank, establish the scientific, reasonable and acceptable management mode of safety risk assessment, minimize the possibility of the accident, and achieve
10、 the target of protecting the employees safety are the main concerns of the majority construction enterprises. 1. This thesis calculated and classified the accidents happened during 2005 to 2012 in a large-size petroleum engineering and construction company, summarized 12 types of common accident an
11、d 10 high frequency critical activities in engineering and construction industry, and established Statistics of Relationship between the Hazardous Activities and Potential Accident in Petroleum Construction Industry. 2. In addition, the large-size crude oil storage tank installation process has been
12、 divided into 3 phases, viz. engineering preparation, construction process and acceptance and commissioning by Delphi Method. Refer to construction process phase, 14 working procedures have been separated and the related hazard activities for each working procedures have been identified. 3. Analyzed
13、 the 13 typical accident cases during large-size crude oil storage tank installation process and summarized the causation and regular pattern of accidentoccurrence by introducing the Accident Case Analysis Method aiming at each procedure of identified hazard activities and eventually generated the S
14、tatistics of Fatalness Activities and Accident Trigger Condition during Storage Installation Process. 大型原油储罐安装过程安全风险分析及研究4. This thesis selected and compared current common risk assessments, sufficiently considered the knowledge and experience of all involved personnel in each phase of the storage t
15、ank installation process and advanced the integrated management mode of safety risk assessment in the large-size crude oil storage tank installation process, viz. in combination of the Preliminary Hazard Analysis Method (PHA) and LikelihoodExposureConsequenceMethod (LEC) during the construction prep
16、aration prophase and prepare the Preliminary Hazard Analysis Report in Large-size Crude Oil Installation Process, established the risk reduction measures for identified high risk activities. While, adopt the Safety Check ListMethod (SCL) and Job Safety Analysis Method (JSA) to ensure the dynamic ass
17、essing and controlling of the risks occurred during the construction implementation phase. Finally, the writer took the Ahdeb 50000mCrude Oil Storage Tank Installation Project, Iraq as an example and implemented the researched integrated management mode of safety risk assessment in the large-size cr
18、ude oil storage tank installation process into the whole construction process. This implementation obtained a good result and ensured the production safely and smoothly. In addition, the successful implementation also validated the sufficiency, applicability, systematicness, pertinency and rationality of integrated management mode of safety risk assessment in the large-size crude oil storage tank installation process.Key Words: Storage Tank, Installation Process, Safety Risk, Assessment Mode
