1、1本科毕业论文外文翻译外文文献译文消费者保险索赔欺诈的道德研究资料来源施普林格检索系统作者队恩哈尔迪安介绍一个对待自己的员工差，并且无法想慈善机构捐款并且提交一份虚假的保险索赔的保险公司是一个“好”的企业公民吗它是通过保险代理公司更加公平的提出这个申请，那是在一次“好”的代理商的松散和无约束吗如果被保险人提出对工人阶级做投保，那么所提出申请要求这个膨胀合伦理性是不同的吗本研究试图解决这些问题。在这次调查工作的前提是,保险索赔衬垫的知觉合伦理性的特点是受投保人、保险代理、保险公司的特点影响的。这个前提是测试在一个222因子实验设计的道德要求与措施的填充物,公平性的填充剂和公司要求,并且将索赔和答
2、辩建议作为因变量。对消费者的调查态度对保险诈骗已较少受到学术界的重视。事实上，目前只有报纸上只有两个专题TENNYSON,1997,2002。本研究是首次实验研究的知觉合伦理性保险索赔的填充物。给出了参数选择的提议,为什么三个因素可以影响道德对实验结果作了简要的论述。该研究报告的结论与管理意涵和一个基本原理为保险索赔可能膨胀。背景保险欺诈以美元价值来计算,除了逃避所得税，保险欺诈是，美国白领的第二大犯罪罪种CARRISANDCOLIN,1997。据估计,美国保险公司保险诈骗的成本每年超过1000亿美元,约10的带薪年索赔和损失FOPPERT,1994。流行的保险欺诈相差线。工伤补偿和保健帐户为
3、最大的数量的欺诈与汽车和财产险和意外险线以下BROSTOFF,1996。本研究的焦点,财产保险欺诈,全国每年大约200亿美元,CARRISANDCOLIN,1997。越来越多的公众开始关注保险行业的保险欺诈问题BROSTOFF,1996。有一个调查委员会对2000人进行的调查研究,由保险研究发现,总体来看,19的受访者2认为,这是可以接受的,在过去的几年里以缓冲垫来弥补保险索赔的保险费。有趣的是,有一个地理差异在回应这个问题。约46的受访者在大城市中,41的人住在纽约、新泽西、和宾夕法尼亚州认为实践是可接受的FOPPERT,1994。大公众的态度，有利于向保险欺诈的趋势，包括信念一保险欺诈是一
4、“罪行”,B被抓到的风险很低,如果被捕,惩罚是适度的,C缺乏社会污名犯罪。事实上,保险诈骗保险时发生所有的消费者成为受害者。公司通过欺诈的成本现状及未来投保人更高的保险费的形式。对于一般的美国家庭,据估计,汽车保险欺诈行为增加了16157美元,支付和房主年度保险费,保险欺诈增加2374美元BROSTOFF,1996。过去的研究文献中对保险欺诈的出现几乎完全在保险行业的新闻，并且它的重点是检测欺诈性索赔。研究消费者的态度对保险诈骗已较少受到关注的学者，但有一个例外。TENNYSON（1997）分析收集的数据来自1987个成年个体在调查由保险研究会。她发现假设支持一个人的态度，对保险诈骗（一）将受
5、到道德或社会环境的影响进行诈骗，及（二）将走向欺诈行为更加宽容，如果个别有保险机构的负面看法。几年后，TENNYSON（2002）在反保险欺诈联盟主办的一项调查对602户户主调查所获得的数据进行分析。她发现了支持保险欺骗个体的采纳随他们的经验的水平与保险交易的将变化的假说。那是，受访者谁拥有更多类型的保险和那些谁最近声称的经验是不太可能和保险欺诈是可以接受的。尽管三道德哲学已经被提到了,很多学者认为伦理思想一般可以被分为两种角度判断基于大众的道德规则和基于公平审判的成果来参与者。目前流行的伦理决策模型HUNTANDVITELL,1986年表明,个人判断的行为从两个角度同时进行。后来在这个研究中
6、,要判断一个场景渲染到另一个地方的判断可能从这两个角度探索其中的冲突。从属变量被选择,在试图衡量这两个不同的伦理评价维度本研究如果投保人，保险代理人，和保险公司的具体特点被当前调查确认，将改变被保险人的保险索赔填充的道德观念。它假定受访者将这三个因素列入考虑的时合伦理性评估保险欺诈行为。这些因素都没有在已调查范围内的保险索赔填充的背景下，但他们似乎构成一个直观相关的设置。在这项研究中的三个因变量答辩人的道德观念被了解每个规则为基础，基于公平的判断的，而第三个3总结的变量，它可能包含两个元素。这三个因素的变化出现在操纵一个场景一个共同的层开放。一对夫妇已经去度假了,而他们的一个手提箱显然已经被偷
7、,提出保险索赔在他们的房东的政策,为3000美元,而不是实际损失大约500美元。投保人的因素是操纵在情景描述保险夫妇作为执行工作与工人阶级工作。提出这个问题的是由一对富裕的夫妇的保险索赔填料通过两三个普通的手段来观看是否存在不道德行为。受托人的因素是首先描述所提供的服务的保险代理人是否高效、周到的或者是效率低下,缺乏同情心的。当您的代理回报的服务比较令人满意时，这操作寻求确定它是否是更加道德的填塞要求。该公司的因素是操纵描述保险公司要么对待员工和贡献钱给慈善机构和奖学基金或对待员工不好，不捐钱到慈善事业。这是为了确定反对“好公民的要求欺骗”保险公司是否比反对从社区被解开的保险公司的欺骗更加的不
8、道德。这三个因素出现于以后将较详细地被描述的一个222因子设计实验。除了三操纵因素，统计分析本研究中还包括两个变量。有一些证据表明，在这项研究中性别（WEEKSETAL，1999）和一个过去的历史保险索赔归档（TENNYSON，2002）可能会影响因变量，而这些因素被认为是可能的变量。事实上,他们似乎完成计划的标准帐户变化的从属变量却仍是不同于操纵变量。解释一些差异，因变量，变量提供一个较小的误差项的统计，从而更有效的治疗效果测试。4外文文献原文PERCEPTIONSOFTHEETHICALITYOFCONSUMERINSURANCECLAIMFRAUDMATERIALSOURCESPRING
9、LINKAUTHORDWANEHALDEANINTRODUCTIONISITMOREJUSTIEDTOSUBMITANINATEDINSURANCECLAIMTOACOMPANYTHATTREATSITSEMPLOYEESPOORLYANDFAILSTOCONTRIBUTEMONEYTOCHARITIESTHANTOANINSURANCECOMPANYTHATISAGOODCORPORATECITIZENWOULDITBEFAIRERTOSUBMITTHISCLAIMTHROUGHANINSURANCEAGENTTHATISINATTENTIVEANDUNCARINGTHANTHROUGHAG
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11、ANCEAGENT,ANDINSURANCECOMPANYTHISPREMISEISTESTEDINA222FACTORIALDESIGNEXPERIMENTWITHMEASURESOFMORALITYOFCLAIMPADDING,FAIRNESSOFCLAIMPADDINGTOAGENTANDCOMPANY,ANDRESPONDENTSUGGESTEDAWARDONCLAIMASTHEDEPENDENTVARIABLESINVESTIGATIONOFCONSUMERATTITUDESTOWARDINSURANCEFRAUDHASATTRACTEDRELATIVELYLITTLEACADEMI
12、CATTENTIONINDEED,THEREAREONLYTWOPAPERSONTHETOPICTENNYSON,1997,2002THEPRESENTSTUDYISTHERSTEXPERIMENTALINVESTIGATIONOFTHEPERCEIVEDETHICALITYOFINSURANCECLAIMPADDINGARGUMENTSAREPRESENTEDTOSUGGESTWHYTHETHREESELECTEDFACTORSCOULDAFFECTETHICALPERCEPTIONS,ANDTHERESULTSOFTHEEXPERIMENTAREDESCRIBEDTHESTUDYCONCL
13、UDESWITHMANAGERIALIMPLICATIONSANDARATIONALEFORWHYINSURANCECLAIMSMAYBEINATEDBACKGROUNDINSURANCEFRAUDINDOLLARVALUE,INSURANCEFRAUDISTHESECONDLARGESTWHITECOLLARCRIMEINAMERICA,EXCEEDEDONLYBYINCOMETAXEVASIONCARRISANDCOLIN,1997ITISESTIMATEDTHATINSURANCEFRAUDCOSTSUSINSURERSMORETHAN100BILLIONEVERYYEAR,APPROX
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15、TIONWIDECARRISANDCOLIN,1997THEINSURANCEINDUSTRYISALARMEDATAGROWINGPUBLICTOLERANCETOWARDINSURANCEFRAUDBROSTOFF,1996ASURVEYOF2000PEOPLEBYTHEINSURANCERESEARCHCOUNCILFOUNDTHAT,OVERALL,19OFRESPONDENTSBELIEVEITISACCEPTABLETOPADINSURANCECLAIMSTOMAKEUPFORPREMIUMSPAIDINPASTYEARSINTERESTINGLY,THEREWASAGEOGRAP
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17、NDIFCAUGHT,THEPUNISHMENTISMODEST,ANDCALACKOFSOCIALSTIGMAATTACHEDTOTHECRIMEINREALITY,ALLCONSUMERSOFINSURANCEBECOMEVICTIMSWHENINSURANCEFRAUDOCCURSCOMPANIESPASSALONGTHECOSTOFFRAUDTOCURRENTANDFUTUREPOLICYHOLDERSINTHEFORMOFHIGHERPREMIUMSFORTHEAVERAGEUSFAMILY,ITHASBEENESTIMATEDTHATAUTOINSURANCEFRAUDADDS16
18、157TOANNUALPREMIUMPAYMENTSANDHOMEOWNERSINSURANCEFRAUDADDS2374BROSTOFF,1996PASTRESEARCHTHELITERATUREONINSURANCEFRAUDHASAPPEAREDALMOSTEXCLUSIVELYINTHEINSURANCETRADEPRESS,ANDITHASFOCUSEDONTHEDETECTIONOFFRAUDULENTCLAIMSINVESTIGATIONOFCONSUMERATTITUDESTOWARDINSURANCEFRAUDHASATTRACTEDRELATIVELYLITTLEATTEN
19、TIONFROMACADEMICS,BUTTHEREARETWOEXCEPTIONSTENNYSON1997ANALYZEDDATACOLLECTEDFROM1987ADULTINDIVIDUALSINASURVEYSPONSOREDBYTHEINSURANCERESEARCHCOUNCILSHEFOUNDSUPPORTFORTHEHYPOTHESESTHATANINDIVIDUALSATTITUDETOWARDINSURANCEFRAUDAWILLBEINUENCEDBYTHEETHICALORSOCIALENVIRONMENTFORFRAUD,ANDBWILLBEMORETOLERANTT
20、OWARDFRAUDIFTHEINDIVIDUALHASNEGATIVEPERCEPTIONSOFINSURANCEINSTITUTIONSAFEWYEARSLATER,TENNYSON2002ANALYZEDDATAOBTAINEDFROM602HEADSOFHOUSEHOLDINASURVEYSPONSOREDBYTHECOALITIONAGAINSTINSURANCEFRAUDSHEFOUNDSUPPORTFORTHE6HYPOTHESISTHATANINDIVIDUALSACCEPTANCEOFINSURANCEFRAUDWOULDVARYWITHTHEIRLEVELOFEXPERIE
21、NCEWITHINSURANCETRANSACTIONSTHATIS,RESPONDENTSWHOOWNEDMORETYPESOFINSURANCEANDTHOSEWHOHADRECENTINSURANCECLAIMINGEXPERIENCEWERELESSLIKELYTONDINSURANCEFRAUDTOBEACCEPTABLEALTHOUGHTHREEETHICALPHILOSOPHIESHAVEBEENMENTIONED,MANYSCHOLARSBELIEVETHATETHICALIDEOLOGYCANBEDESCRIBEDBYJUSTTWOGENERALDIMENSIONSJUDGM
22、ENTSBASEDONUNIVERSALMORALRULESANDJUDGMENTSBASEDONTHEFAIRNESSOFOUTCOMESFORTHOSEINVOLVEDACURRENTLYPOPULARMODELOFETHICALDECISIONMAKINGHUNTANDVITELL,1986SUGGESTSTHATINDIVIDUALSJUDGEACTIONSFROMBOTHPERSPECTIVESSIMULTANEOUSLYLATERINTHISSTUDY,SUBJECTSWILLBEASKEDTOJUDGEASCENARIOLIKELYTOPLACEJUDGMENTSRENDERED
23、FROMTHESETWOPERSPECTIVESINTOCONICTDEPENDENTVARIABLESARECHOSENINANATTEMPTTOMEASURETHESETWODIFFERENTETHICALEVALUATIVEDIMENSIONSTHEPRESENTSTUDYTHECURRENTINVESTIGATIONWASUNDERTAKENTODETERMINEIFSPECICCHARACTERISTICSOFTHEPOLICYHOLDERS,THEINSURANCEAGENT,ANDTHEINSURANCECOMPANYWOULDALTERETHICALPERCEPTIONSOFI
24、NSURANCECLAIMPADDINGBYTHEINSUREDITISASSUMEDTHATRESPONDENTSWILLTAKETHESETHREEFACTORSINTOCONSIDERATIONWHENASSESSINGTHEETHICALITYOFFRAUDBEHAVIORBYTHEINSUREDTHESEFACTORSHAVENOTPREVIOUSLYBEENINVESTIGATEDWITHINTHECONTEXTOFINSURANCECLAIMPADDING,BUTTHEYAPPEARTOCONSTITUTEANINTUITIVELYRELATEDSETRESPONDENTETHI
25、CALPERCEPTIONSARECAPTUREDBYTHREEDEPENDENTVARIABLESINTHISSTUDYONEEACHFORRULEBASEDANDFAIRNESSBASEDJUDGMENTS,ANDATHIRDSUMMARYVARIABLETHATMAYINCORPORATEELEMENTSOFBOTHTHETHREEFACTORMANIPULATIONSAPPEARASVARIATIONSINASCENARIOWITHACOMMONOPENINGVIGNETTEACOUPLEHASBEENONVACATION,HADONEOFTHEIRSUITCASESAPPARENTL
26、YSTOLEN,ANDLEDANINSURANCECLAIMUNDERTHEIRHOMEOWNERSPOLICYFOR3000INSTEADOFTHEACTUALLOSSOFABOUT500THEPOLICYHOLDERFACTORWASMANIPULATEDINTHESCENARIOBYDESCRIBINGTHEINSUREDCOUPLEASHOLDINGEXECUTIVEJOBSVERSUSWORKINGCLASSJOBSTHISADDRESSESTHEQUESTIONOFWHETHERINSURANCECLAIMPADDINGBYAWEALTHYCOUPLEWOULDBEVIEWEDAS
27、LESSETHICALTHANSIMILAR7PADDINGBYACOUPLEOFMODESTMEANSTHEAGENTFACTORWASOPERATIONALIZEDBYDESCRIBINGTHESERVICEPROVIDEDBYTHEINSURANCEAGENTASEITHEREFCIENTANDATTENTIVEORINEFCIENTANDUNCARINGTHISMANIPULATIONISSEEKINGTODETERMINEIFITISMOREETHICALTOPADACLAIMWHENTHESERVICERENDEREDBYYOURAGENTHASBEENLESSTHANSATISF
28、ACTORYTHECOMPANYFACTORWASMANIPULATEDBYDESCRIBINGTHEINSURANCECOMPANYASEITHERTREATINGITSEMPLOYEESWELLANDCONTRIBUTINGMONEYTOCHARITIESANDSCHOLARSHIPFUNDSORTREATINGITSEMPLOYEESPOORLYANDNOTDONATINGMONEYTOWORTHYCAUSESTHISISTODETERMINEIFCLAIMFRAUDAGAINSTAGOODCITIZENINSURANCECOMPANYISCONSIDEREDLESSETHICALTHA
29、NFRAUDAGAINSTANINSURANCECOMPANYTHATISDISENGAGEDFROMTHECOMMUNITYTHESETHREEFACTORSAPPEARINA222FACTORIALDESIGNEXPERIMENTTOBEDESCRIBEDINMOREDETAILLATERINADDITIONTOTHETHREEMANIPULATEDFACTORS,STATISTICALANALYSISINTHISSTUDYALSOINCLUDESTWOCOVARIATESTHEREISSOMEEVIDENCETHATGENDERWEEKSETAL,1999ANDAHISTORYOFPAS
30、TINSURANCECLAIMLINGTENNYSON,2002MIGHTAFFECTTHEDEPENDENTVARIABLESINTHISSTUDY,ANDSOTHESEFACTORSWERECONSIDEREDPOSSIBLECOVARIATESINDEED,THEYAPPEARTOFULLLTHECRITERIAFORCOVARIATESACCOUNTFORSOMEOFTHEVARIATIONINTHEDEPENDENTVARIABLESYETREMAINDISTINCTFROMTHEMANIPULATEDVARIABLESBYEXPLAININGSOMEOFTHEVARIANCEINTHEDEPENDENTVARIABLES,COVARIATESPROVIDEASMALLERERRORTERMFORTHEFSTATISTICANDTHUSAMOREEFCIENTTESTOFTREATMENTEFFECTS
