1、本科毕业论文外文翻译译文标题国外城市文化旅游研究资料来源中国期刊网作者史蒂文弗雷一、城市文化旅游吸引力提升的关键因素游客友好性和生命周期在城市文化旅游发展过程中，培育游客友好性是提升城市文化旅游吸引力的第一个关键因素。马丁和尤萨尔认为从游客角度来说，她们到城市文化旅游目的地不仅是想得到满意的旅游经历，同时也想得到宾至如归的服务，但是在有些城市由于其条件的限制可能满足不了游客的要求，这也在一定程度上消弱了城市文化旅游的吸引力。葛和皮内认为这些限制性因素包括旅游目的地可进入性、文化旅游资源、住宿业服务的友好和异域风情的体验等，它们在决定城市文化旅游发展中起着关键性的作用。导致城市文化旅游地出现旅游
2、产品与游客需求不匹配的情况，不仅与供给因素有关，而且与旅游者动机的多样性有密切的关系。城市文化旅游的生命周期是影响城市文化旅游吸引力提升的第二个关键因素。亨特、简凡登鲍格和罗素都认为城市，特别是遗产城市的旅游是不可持续发展的。虽然目前还不能找出导致这种不可持续发展的确切原因，但根据传统的生命周期理论，城市文化旅游地经过起飞和成熟阶段后其吸引力就会大大降低。罗素运用遗产城市旅游发展恶性循环模型，分析了城市特别是遗产城市旅游发展的不可持续性，认为城市特别是遗产城市，其旅游吸引物是很难复制和显著集中的，旅游环境、旅游业发展的压力、辅助设施的质量因素等都会导致游客旅游经历体验质量的下降，而正是这些特征
3、也使得遗产旅游城市的生命周期呈现其独特性。二、城市文化旅游吸引力提升的途径（一）城市文化旅游规划与旅游吸引力提升罗素和简凡登鲍格认为现实中并不是所有的城市都有足够的文化资源发展旅游，旅游开发带来的负面影响，不仅会损害城市旅游业的长期发展，也不利于文化遗产的保护。因此规划者需要对旅游发展的趋势有预见性，并在社会的、空间的和环境等多层次上将旅游开发与可持续发展有机结合。加罗德和法亚尔认为文化与公众的交流、旅游地的可进入性、旅游吸引物、旅游环境氛围等以泥塑与成色和你好旅游的吸引力密切相关。（二）多类型游客吸引与旅游吸引力提升城市文化旅游的吸引力提升离不开游客吸引这一关键因素。瓦勒认为文化旅游越来越多
4、地成为休闲旅游者的选择。麦克洪和伦吉林在对美国度假胜地奥兰多、佛罗里达的实证研究中印证了瓦勒的观点。贾法里认为，文化的弘扬、保护和启示性等问题一直是文化旅游探索的重点问题。因此对于那些文化旅游资源部丰富的城市来说，文化的弘扬或展示也可能使得原来不是文化旅游目的地的城市会吸引来大量的文化旅游者，这也为此类旅游目的地开辟了问号旅游的新途径。（三）城市化进程中城市文化遗产保护与旅游吸引力提升在东南亚的一些城市，城市化的进程对城市的文化遗产造成了很大的破坏，这对城市文化旅游地吸引力的提升是个很大的负面影响。科恩认为城市必须在自身的发展与历史遗迹、文化遗产的保护中寻找平衡，必须在保存城市的历史及其建筑价
5、值、形象、中心性的同时也能促进其合理成长与发展。（四）城市文化旅游管理冲突到合作早期的研究者如洱瑞和霍维宁一直认为旅游开发和城市文化遗产管理之间是一种冲突的关系。但是麦考切、帕米拉和希拉里认为上述冲突理论部适合文化旅游的研究。他们用模型解释了旅游和文化管理之间存在的七种递进发展关系。第一种关系是否认，它一般发生在城市旅游生命周期的初级阶段；第二种关系是不现实的期望，这种关系在文化旅游中是普遍存在的；第三种关系是并行存在，这种关系一般在大型寺庙的旅游开发中；第四种关系是冲突；第五种关系是合作管理；第六种关系是伙伴关系；第七种关系是观点分歧，产生于通过保护的方式将旅游作为对历史建筑和历史区域的自适
6、应性再利用的证明。观点分歧并不与第一到第六种关系的发展处在同一发展维度上。罗素、博尼法斯和修瓦尔认为旅游业中所有的利益相关者都应该从一开始就参与相关政策的制定，并且这种角色的扮演是长期而非短期的。城市想要保护期遗产不受旅游业的负面影响不应该再局限于文华遗产本身和保护的技术，而更多的是着重于控制变量的管理过程。城市文化遗产的保护、城市文化旅游开发与城市文化旅游管理之间本质上就是一种合作关系，即通过城市旅游开发促进城市文化遗产的保护并协调城市文化旅游开发与城市文化旅游管理之间的关系。外文文献原文TITLESTUDYOFURBANCULTURALTOURISMABROADMATERIALSOURCE
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