1、本科毕业论文外文翻译译文标题体验式文化旅游资料来源中国期刊网作者RICHARDPRENTICE文化旅游定义文化旅游可定义为旅游建造、离去和消耗显式或隐式同时作为文化的欣赏，作为经验或示意性知识的获得的旅游模式，然而我们目前的利益是前者，从消费者的角度看，重要时刻是“参与或有经验的真实性的时刻”（莫斯卡多和皮尔斯，1999年，P418），后者产量丰富参观文化的认识。这可以说是新浪漫主义，文化旅游的消耗作为情绪和灵性，而不是出于功利的目的，和“文化旅游承认的唯一性，个人的情绪激动和值遭遇”麥金托什，1999年）。这是主张旅游业是有益于想象力和主管体现的行业。事实上，一些旅游议会现包括作为一个明确的
2、目标的营销策略，增加的消费者升值的目的地，例如，西方国家旅游管理局，到2020年预计将有“INCREASED意识与赏析访客”西方国家旅游理事会，1999年，一些景点正在显式提供文化EMPHATHY和欣赏的经验，例如，MATLORI在新西兰的旅游胜地都由“PROVIDE是真实的情感和精神的经验MATLORI社区”HINCH、麥金托什和英格拉姆，1999年）。因此，从生产者的角度来看，文化“旅游是一种文化产业，在这个意义上它的市场文化产品，文化体验是根据游客而来的”（克雷克，1995年，第87页重点补充）。文化旅游内的旅游产业一体化进程尚未完善，甚至希望所有的文化生产者都如此，包括许多博物馆馆长以
3、外的主要旅游目的地。把旅游看作潜在文化产业的失败是未能认识三个重要当前和相关联的趋势。首先，它没有认识到许多新兴消费作为当代标志性的表达，而不是生产的中心。这是工作以外的表现之一，而不是职业之一。其次，它没有认识到民主化在文化产品的消费的影响。这些出现的需求必须要是积极参与和恭敬，被动的观看效果是绝对不行的。通过不加区别消费的需求无论是数量和质量都发生了变化，从而成为经验丰富的文化消费者（CUNNELL和徒弟，1999年）。后者增加的期望和增加竞争力并且供应量增加的条款，那么在过去十年中在受过教育的消费者效果久会体现。第三，它没有认识到资本收集的经验和告知的意义，体现社会的品味和生活方式的选择
4、（IOANNIDES和DEBBAGE，1997年，休斯，1998年）出现的文化。未能看到这些变化的一部分博物馆将这两种排斥反应有效的代替供应商愿意提供什么都是基于市场的产品开发。今天文化旅游的范围从日常到盛大，从乡土文化到贵族文化，以及其他活动的设置，以浸泡，色彩，动画，气味，声音和互动都是潜在的旅游产品。这些产品可能被正式兴建旅游项目（节日，文物中心），也可能是隐含在一个地方（市场，咖啡馆和酒吧，），然而，更多的可能已演变为其他较正式的用途，如国家建设，公共设施开发发和教育，而另一些可能起源或已恢复的浪漫（吉布森，2000年）。另外的可能是体验（如通过走市场）或介绍的（例如，通过导游）。文化
5、旅游正在迅速的建立自己市场，假装是非旅游行业，但是更多的包装使他在旅游业种新兴崛起。他提供了真实的旅游，为平凡的人提供了深层次的经历，既满足日常生活要求，又满足了精神文化需求。2000年的时候同样看到了正在促进旗帜，“100纯净的新西兰”，“一个国家的真正的地方和和真正的人”与核心地带的主题并与“新西兰和猕猴桃精神”遥相呼应。这两个广告的碰撞改变了人们对生命和价值观的看法。作为文化体验式的旅游模式，互动旅游促进了行业的发展，政府机构负责促进呼吁和提升象形，通过参与性旅游拓展市场。也不是所有的体验式旅游的异国情调，也可以提供给国内市场。RYEDALE推广本身作为纯约克郡，真实的约克郡欢迎并等待着
6、你的到来，在许多乡村的RYEDALE，您可以在其中浏览历史村教堂，许多人也会追溯基督教在北方的曙光，更有人坐在村池塘边和喂鸭子或采取传统的约克郡酒吧午餐。经常约法三章真实性意味着反的立场。城市需要因此找到可提供真实性的备选办法。作为城市的宣传主题的南部和东南英格兰旅游议会在200014举行，体验文化旅游因此形成了形式多样并且目的奇异的旅游形式。全新的营销理念文化旅游是所谓的“FORDIST”代生产的对立面标准化的产品生产商为主导的产品卖给大众消费者接受的对立面。邀请消费者而不是“探索”和“发现”自己亲自找到惊喜或“隐藏”的世界，以寻求冒险，欣赏壮丽，分享秘密，并揭示奥秘或解决谜题。例如，“发现
7、”是一个领先的英国遗产在2000年的宣传主题。陆军运输博物馆将作为一个社会包容性的尝试与我们很长一段时间都在其推广的探索和经验“当然没有新的摸索经验，对于一些博物馆就自我推广是非常不利的。特别是“发现”有一个关键的博物馆字。例如，游客前往国家博物馆苏格兰于二零零零年五月提供至少3个邀请函小册子或单张，以“发现”进一步探索苏格兰国家博物馆的世界，发现中心的历史你可以处理，并发现什么遗产是有关于博物馆的。但博物馆体验文化旅游是可能比这更广泛。例如，2000年5月在博物馆和画廊月推广的旅游节，国家博物馆被晋升与调用，来到你的感官“看，听，触觉，味觉，嗅觉探索你的感官清楚完整的”，为传统的对立面“保持
8、关闭，不要触摸”狠狠的抨击，一些景点已发展到专门在这样的经历“尤里卡”，在哈利法克斯，强调触感，角色扮演，嗅觉，学习，聆听和说话。“催化剂”，在威德尼斯，同样提供“人人互动的乐趣孩子们可以拖船，挑逗和测试超过100种不同的展品”，“布里斯托尔”同样是动手。通过其开展的活动，ARC（考古资源中心）在纽约邀请游客“发现在你的考古学家”和PROFFERS它描述为“留下更深的印象”。体验文化旅游的经验，这种个人的经验是什么在更广泛的范围内。这无疑是一个后福特主义的风筝标志化和涉及消费的准则。结论与讨论体验文化旅游是真实的体验搜索。这是旅游供应商和消费者之间联合制作的，后者利用文化资本的选择，发展，并可
9、能妨碍其目的地的旅游产品。它代表了一种对文化产品的需求主要的发展，不管是正式或非正式地提供。然而，尽管博物馆可以提供的各种经验的需求，因此有潜在供应商。这个新市场的竞争非常激烈，特别是因为非正式的产品，如街道和市场，可以很容易地提供满意和正宗的目标为基础的经验。博物馆实际上是潜在的竞争，或合作，与经验的非体制的推动者，以及更多人的认可。隐含在上面的讨论是有许多形式的真实性被提升，而且这不是离散的类型，而是重叠的。博物馆已经参与其中许多所以能变得如此。这些产品共同的是，它们的目的是唤起真实的体验，通过关联和想象，能够立即产生轰动。真实性具有多种方式通过直接经验，客观，自然，位置，与著名人物或事件
10、，地方品牌，民族的起源，庆祝活动，并通过经验和做法的真实性协会。越来越多的地方品牌已经研制成功。这些品牌已开始从DESIGNATIVE品牌唤起APPRAISIVE图像识别的机会，通过协会和想像唤起建议。特别是，博物馆将建议涉及在APPRAISIVE品牌制定自己的本地。外文文献原文TITLEEXPERIENTIALCULTURALTOURISMMATERIALSOURCECHINAJOURNALNETAUTHORRICHARDPRENTICEINTRODUCTIONTHEMESSAGEOFTHENEWMUSEOLOGYOFTHE1990SWASTHATMUSEUMSWERENOTFREEOFSO
11、CIAL,ECONOMICANDPOLITICALINFLUENCES,ANDTHATTHEIRAGENDASANDTEXTSWERENEITHERVALUEFREENORABOVETHECONCERNSOFTHENONELITESTAM,1993MUSEUMSWERERECOGNISEDASCONSTRUCTIONSPEARCE,1998,ANDTHEIRROLETOBENEITHERSTATICNOROFNECESSITYENDURINGTHISREVOLUTIONINTHOUGHTMAYSEEMTOHAVEBEENWON,ANDANERAOFROLERECONSTRUCTIONTOBEO
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23、EWINGWHICHCHARACTERISEDMUCHDEMANDUNTILADECADEAGOPRENTICE,1994BRADBURNE,1998BOTHTHEQUANTITYANDTHEQUALITYOFDEMANDHASCHANGEDTHROUGHUNDISCRIMINATINGCONSUMERSBECOMINGEXPERIENCEDCULTURALCONSUMERSCUNNELLANDPRENTICE,1999,THELATTERINTERMSBOTHOFINCREASEDEXPECTATIONSANDINCREASEDCOMPETENCESINCREASEDSUPPLYHASINE
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26、OFTHENPRODUCTOFFERINGSUCHPRODUCTSMAYBEFORMALLYCONSTRUCTEDBYTOURISMSUPPLIERSFESTIVALS,HERITAGECENTRES,GUIDEDWALKS,FOREXAMPLE,ORTHEYMAYBEIMPLICITINAPLACEMARKETS,CAFESANDPUBS,FOREXAMPLEYETMOREMAYHAVEBEENEVOLVEDFOROTHERMOREFORMALPURPOSES,SUCHASNATIONBUILDING,PUBLICINSPIRATIONANDEDUCATION,WHILEOTHERSMAYH
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32、ROUGHTHEPROGRAMMEOFPARTICIPATORYTOURISM,THETOURIST,ORVISITOR,ISOFFEREDTHEOPPORTUNITYTOSHAREINTHETYPICALACTIVITIESOFAFARMERINTHEAREAONCEINTHECHACRAFIELD,INQUECHUA,THEVISITORWILLPARTICIPATEINAGRICULTURALACTIVITIESAPPROPRIATETOTHESEASON,ASINSTRUCTEDBYHISSICHOSTFAMILY,OWNERSOFTHEFIELDSWHEREHESICWILLWORK
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34、LSOBEOFFEREDTOADOMESTICMARKETRYEDALEPROMOTESITSELFASPUREYORKSHIRE,ATRUEYORKSHIREWELCOMEAWAITSYOUINTHEMANYVILLAGESOFRYEDALE,WHEREYOUCANEXPLORETHEHISTORICVILLAGECHURCHESMANYDATINGBACKTOTHEDAWNOFCHRISTIANITYINTHENORTHSITBYTHEVILLAGEPONDANDFEEDTHEDUCKSORTAKEINATRADITIONALYORKSHIREPUBLUNCHTHEPROFFERINGOF
35、AUTHENTICITYFREQUENTLYIMPLIESANANTIURBANSTANCECITIESNEEDTHEREFORETOFINDALTERNATIVEMEANSBYWHICHTOPROFFERAUTHENTICITYLIVELINESSOFFERSSUCHANALTERNATIVE,ANDHASBEEN,FOREXAMPLE,THEURBANPROMOTIONALTHEMEOFTHESOUTHERNANDSOUTHEASTENGLANDTOURISTBOARDSIN200014EXPERIENTIALCULTURALTOURISMISTHEREFOREDIVERSEINFORMS
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37、VERFORTHEMSELVESPERSONALLYTOFINDSURPRISESORHIDDENWORLDS,TOSEEKADVENTURE,TOADMIREGRANDEUR,TOSHARESECRETS,TOSAMPLEFLAVOURSANDTOUNCOVERMYSTERIESORSOLVEENIGMASFOREXAMPLE,DISCOVERYWASALEADINGENGLISHHERITAGEPROMOTIONALTHEMEIN2000,ASWITHMORETODISCOVERTHEMUSEUMOFARMYTRANSPORTCOMBINESBOTHEXPLORATIONANDEXPERI
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39、LEAFLETTO“DISCOVER”FURTHERDISCOVERTHEWORLDOFSCOTLANDSNATIONALMUSEUMS,DISCOVERYCENTREHISTORYYOUCANHANDLE,ANDDISCOVERWHATHERITAGEISALLABOUTBUTMUSEUMBASEDEXPERIENTIALCULTURALTOURISMISPOTENTIALLYMUCHBROADERTHANTHISFOREXAMPLE,INMAY2000UNDERTHEMUSEUMSANDGALLERIESMONTHPROMOTION,MUSEUMSNATIONALLYWEREPROMOTE
40、DWITHTHECALL,COMETOYOURSENSES“SEE,HEAR,TOUCH,TASTE,SMELLEXPLOREYOURSENSESTOTHEFULL”16CLEARLY,ASTHEANTITHESISOFTHETRADITIONALKEEPOFFDONTTOUCHAPPROACH,SOMEATTRACTIONSHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDTOSPECIALISEINTHISKINDOFEXPERIENCEEUREKAATHALIFAX,EMPHASISESTOUCH,ROLEPLAYING,SMELLING,LEARNING,LISTENINGANDTALKINGCATA
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42、VESADEEPERIMPRESSION”18EXPERIENTIALCULTURALTOURISMISABOUTPERSONALEXPERIENCESOFTHISKINDONAMUCHMOREEXTENSIVESCALEITISARGUABLYAKITEMARKOFPOSTFORDISTDIFFERENTIATEDANDINVOLVEDCONSUMPTIONBECAUSEOFITSFOCUSONEXPERIENCE,THETOURISMINDUSTRYISONLYPARTOFTHEPRODUCTIONPROCESSITISAFACILITATORATMOSTITCANPROJECTAUTHE
43、NTICITYONTOARTEFACTSORPLACES,BUTITCANNOTDETERMINEWHETHERORNOTTOURISTSFEELTHATTHEYAREHAVINGAREALEXPERIENCEWANG,1999WAITT,2000WALLERANDLEA1999IDENTIFYFOURDIMENSIONSOFCONSUMERDEFINEDAUTHENTICITY,ATOPICSURPRISINGLYUNDERRESEARCHEDCONSIDERINGITSPERTINENCEFIRSTLY,THEYIDENTIFYTHEDIMENSIONOFCULTURETHEGREATER
44、THEDIRECTCONTACTATTHEDESTINATIONWITHITSCULTURE,THEGREATERTHEPERCEIVEDAUTHENTICITYSECONDLY,THATOFTHENUMBEROFTOURISTSTHEFEWER,THEMOREAUTHENTICTHEEXPERIENCEISPERCEIVEDTHIRDLY,THEDEGREEOFINDEPENDENCEINTRAVELTHEMOREINDEPENDENT,THEMOREAUTHENTICTHEEXPERIENCEISPERCEIVEDFOURTHLY,THEEXTENTTOWHICHEXPERIENCESCO
45、NFORMTOSTEREOTYPESOFACOUNTRYSLANDSCAPE,CLIMATEANDCULTURETHEGREATERTHATCONFORMITY,THEGREATERTHEPERCEIVEDAUTHENTICITYMORESPECIFICALLY,WAITT2000IDENTIFIESTHREEASPECTSOFPERCEIVEDAUTHENTICITYOFTRADITIONALSYDNEYTHESETTINGSTONESTEPS,COBBLEDSTREETS,ACTIVITIESANDDEMONSTRATIONSSTATUES,PLAQUESANDBUILDINGSCOTTA
46、GES,WAREHOUSESCONCLUSIONANDDISCUSSIONEXPERIENTIALCULTURALTOURISMISABOUTTHESEARCHFORAUTHENTICEXPERIENCEITISCOPRODUCEDBETWEENTOURISMPROVIDERSANDCONSUMERS,THELATTERUTILISINGCULTURALCAPITALTOSELECT,DEVELOPANDPOSSIBLYPERVERTTHETOURISMPRODUCTOFFERINGSOFTHEIRDESTINATIONSITREPRESENTSAMAJORDEVELOPMENTINDEMAN
47、DFORCULTURALPRODUCTS,WHETHERTHESEAREOFFEREDFORMALLYORINFORMALLYHOWEVER,WHILETHEDEMANDFOREXPERIENCESOFTHEKINDSMUSEUMSCANOFFERHASEXPANDED,SOHASTHENUMBEROFPOTENTIALSUPPLIERSTHISNEWMARKETISHIGHLYCOMPETITIVE,ESPECIALLYSINCEINFORMALPRODUCTS,SUCHASSTREETSANDMARKETS,CANREADILYMAKEAVAILABLESATISFYINGAUTHENTI
48、COBJECTIVEBASEDEXPERIENCESMUSEUMSAREINEFFECTINPOTENTIALCOMPETITION,ORCOLLABORATION,WITHNONINSTITUTIONALFACILITATORSOFEXPERIENCES,ASWELLASWITHTHOSEFACILITATORSMOREUSUALLYRECOGNISEDIMPLICITINTHEFOREGOINGDISCUSSIONISTHATTHEREAREMANYFORMSOFAUTHENTICITYBEINGPROMOTEDANDTHATTHESEARENOTDISCRETETYPES,BUTINST
49、EADOVERLAPMUSEUMSAREALREADYINVOLVEDINMANYOFTHEMORAREABLETOBECOMESOWHATISCOMMONTOTHESEOFFERINGSISTHATTHEYAREINTENDEDTOEVOKEAUTHENTICEXPERIENCETHROUGHASSOCIATIONSANDIMAGININGSASWELLASBYMEANSOFIMMEDIATESENSATIONAUTHENTICITYISPROFFEREDINMULTIPLEWAYSTHROUGHDIRECTEXPERIENCE,OBJECTIVISM,NATURALNESS,LOCATION,ASSOCIATIONSWITHFAMOUSPEOPLEOREVENTS,PLACEBRANDING,NATIONALORIGINS,CELEBRATION,ANDTHROUGHBOTHLEARNEDANDCONTRIVEDAUTHENTICITYINCREASINGLY,PLACEBRANDINGHASBEENDEVELOPEDSUCHBRANDINGHASBEGUNTOMOVEAWAYFROMDESIGNATIVEBRANDINGTOEVOKINGAPPRAISIVEIMAGESINRECOGN
