1、1A 组 20162014 年各省市高考题（改编）Passage 5 (2015 新课标全国 )Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your
2、 home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less selfconscious(难为情)when theyre in poorly lit placesand so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesnt have enough window light，get mor
3、e lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us
4、 feel less hungry.So when its time to repaint，go blue.Dont forget the clockor the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里 ) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while youre
5、 at it，actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12inch plate instead of a 10inch plate.When we c
6、hoose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny glass.1The text is especially helpful for those who care about_.Atheir home comforts Btheir body shapeChouse buying Dhealthy diets2A home
7、environment in blue can help people_.Adigest food better Breduce food intakeCburn more calories Dregain their appetites3What are people advised to do at mealtimes?AEat quickly.B Play fast music.CUse smaller spoons.DTurn down the lights. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text?AIs Your House Maki
8、ng You Fat? BWays of Serving Dinner2CEffects of SelfConsciousness DIs Your Home Environment Relaxing?Passage 6 (2015 安徽)When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结 ). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she ea
9、sily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in Califo
10、rnia. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didnt have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Dannys mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into
11、 a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves,
12、 but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, “Our mother taught
13、us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business.”Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans corporation makes more than $20 million each
14、 year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.1Helene tied several chopsticks together to show_.Athe strength of family unity Bthe difficulty of growing upCthe advantage of chopsticks Dthe best way of giving a lesson2We
15、can learn from Paragraph 2 that the An family_.Astarted a business in 1975 Bleft Vietnam without much moneyCbought a restaurant in San Francisco Dopened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles3What can we infer about the An daughters?AThey did not finish their college education.BThey could not bear to work i
16、n the family business.CThey were influenced by what Helene taught them.DThey were troubled by disagreement among family members. 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?3AHow to Run a Corporation BStrength Comes from PeaceCHow to Achieve a Big Dream DFamily Unity Builds Succes
17、sPassage 7 (2015 安徽)As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remembering less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and
18、 how.In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer wou
19、ld save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.In another experiment, the researchers gave pe
20、ople facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the computer. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remembered the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rath
21、er, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)”According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantit
22、ies of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesnt mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing. 1.The passage begins with two questions to_.Aintroduce the main topic Bshow the authors altitudeCdesc
23、ribe how to use the Internet. Dexplain how to store information2What can we learn about the first experiment?AThe Sparrows team typed the information into a computer. BThe two groups remembered the information equally well.CThe first group did not try to remember the information. DThe second group d
24、id not understand the information.3In transactive memory, people_.Akeep the information in mind Bchange the quantity of information Corganize information like a computerDremember how to find the information4What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrows research? 4AWe are using memory diff
25、erently. BWe are becoming more intelligent.CWe have poorer memories than before.DWe need a better way to access information.Passage 8 (2015 四川)No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo.But a new study suggests they used a little rocknroll.Longago builders could have atta
26、ched wooden poles to the stones and rolled then across the sand, the scientists say.“Technically, I think what theyre proposing is possible，” physicist Daniel Bonn said.People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.And theres no obvious answer.On average, each of the two mill
27、ion big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck.The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the block
28、s on sleds(滑板)Then they would have dragged them along paths.To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated_the_paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.Evidence from the sand supports this
29、idea.Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study .West said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helpe
30、d with pyramid construction.I thought, Why dont they just try rolling the things？ ” A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized.That, he notes, should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”So he tried it.He and his stude
31、nts tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30kilogram stone block.That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel.Then they placed the block on the ground.They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled.The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of
32、 paths.They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的 )path.West hasnt tested his idea on larger blocks，but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding.At least， workers wouldnt have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths
33、.1Its widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by _.Arolling them on roads Bpushing them over the sandCsliding them on smooth paths Ddragging them on some poles2The underlined part “lubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 means_.5Amade the paths wet Bmade the paths hardCmade
34、 the paths wideDmade the paths slippery3What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 7 refer to?ARolling the blocks with poles attached.BRolling the blocks on wooden wheels.CRolling poles to move the blocks. DRolling the blocks with fat.4Why is rolling better than sliding according to West?ABecaus
35、e more force is needed for sliding.BBecause rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.CBecause sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.DBecause less preparation on paths is needed for rolling. 5.What is the text mainly about?AAn experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.BAn applicatio
36、n of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.CAn argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.DAn introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.Passage 9 (2015 天津)Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot
37、more common in the next few years.Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mer
38、e tools.For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad.This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant.You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make req
39、uests for it to perform different tasks.The robot doesnt just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household.It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.Social robots are not ju
40、st finding their way into the home.They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market.The companys “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a
41、store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the products location in the store.It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.6The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns.B
42、ut Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees.“We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us，” said Breazeal.1How are social robots different from household robots?AThey can control their emotions. BT
43、hey are more like humans.CThey do the normal housework. DThey respond to users more slowly.2What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?ACommunicate with you and perform operations.BAnswer your questions and make requests.CTake your family pictures and deliver milk.DObey your orders and remind
44、 you to take pills.3What can Oshbot work as?AA language teacher. BA tour guide.C A shop assistant. DA private nurse.4We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will _.Atrain employees Bbe our workmatesCimprove technologies Dtake the place of workers 5.What does the passage mainly presen
45、t?AA new design idea of household robots.BMarketing strategies for social robots.CInformation on household robots. DAn introduction to social robots.Passage 10 (2015 陕西)The production of coffee beans is a huge，profitable business，but，unfortunately，fullsun production is taking over the industry and b
46、ringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shadegrown production to fullsun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds，and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance.On a local level，the damage of the forest required by fullsun fields affects the
47、areas birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species (物种)that depend on the trees flowers and fruits.Fullsun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result，many species are quickly dying out.On a more global level，the destruction of the rainforest fo
48、r fullsun coffee fields also threatens (威胁) human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests plant and animal life， and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition，new coffeegrowing techniques are poisoning the water locally，and eventually the worlds groundwater.7Both locally and globally，the continued spread of fullsun coffee plantations (种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a
