1、1本科毕业论文外文翻译外文文献译文标题电子商务资料来源斯普林格柏林海德堡出版社,2009作者CLYDEWHOLSAPPLE,SHARATHSASIDHARAN在二十一世纪电子商务正在快速成为一种生活方式。随着越来越多的消费者和机构采取电子手段进行购买,促进交易的同时,我们发现学术研究也至关重要。了解电子商务的工作原理,分析出问题,纠正弱点。电子商务市场是全球性的,而且是不断发展的,新的技术和革新的商业模式及产品都在以较快的速度推出。目前电子商务现状的概述,特别注重学术研究。而特别重要的是,我们在回顾电子商务历史背景的同时,讨论理论框架,研究电子商务模型。我们还将讨论新出现的趋势以及电子商务市场
2、面临的紧迫问题。电子商务正在快速的控制我们日常生活的每个方面。购买商品的范围从书到汽车,服务范围从信息资源到银行业务,消费者越来越转向互联网和万维网。企业越来越多地通过电子手段在其价值链和供应链上进行交易。创新的商业模式不断被检验,所以电子商务市场也是不断变化的。本章讲述了比较完整的电子商务的情况和学术研究结果的重点。考虑到这一点,我们首先讨论电子商务的发展。接着讨论电子商务的理论方面的研究定义、框架和成功参量。然后我们讨论三种典型的电子商务模型企业对消费者、企业间和消费者对消费者。三种普遍的B2C活动网上购物、网上银行业务和电子学知识。还有三种常用的B2C的活动移动商务、远程医疗和付费的信息
3、发布。最后,我们要讨论两个开放的电子商务面临的问题用户的信任和法律上的考虑。背景1960年之前,信息系统(IS)主要用于科研和军事目的,很少用于商业。早期的计算机业务应用范围从LEO系统,自动化文书的会计任务,到美国的电子记录机会计银行。20世纪60年代和70年代,大量商业机构已经利用计算机进行会计和生2产活动,但是只局限于机构内的应用。电子数据交换(EDI),是从20世纪70年代开始的,是另一个电子通信的发展。而事实上,并不是所有的组织都有EDI系统。专用网络的开发和维护成本较高,而且缺乏标准化,这些因素阻碍了它的早期发展。在20世纪80年代为了促进EDI的发展,权威的标准委员会(ASC)提
4、出了X12标准。即使在今天,大多数互联网上的B2B电子商务交易仍利用增值网络(VAN)进行电子数据交换。EDI是并联英特网发展而得的产物,(随着万维网)发展成为B2C电子商务背后的驱动力。互联网的起源在1960年代晚期,当时是为高等研究计画署,网络专门研究和教育,以及政府组织使用的。而在1983年,ARPANET被分成MILNET和互联网两个模块,前者用于军事目的,后者用于研究和教育。在这个时候,计算机通信网络的标准化使用传输控制协议/互联网协议(TCP/IP),在第二年,域名系统也被进行了规整。电子商务模型和应用美国商务部把B2B电子商务按经营活动进行分类制造和批发活动的电子商务、零售和服务
5、的电子商务。基于这一分类方法,电子商务在2004年交易总额达到1951万亿美元,较上年同比增长144,装运和销售总价值为10。电子商务市场中最大份额的B2B是以美元计算的,已达93的份额和1821万亿美元销量。然而,入侵到我们日常生活的每一个方面的B2C电子商务仍是电子商务中最明显和最容易辨认的面孔。我们首先要讨论的是B2C电子商务市场,其次是B2B电子商务市场。然后我们再讨论迅速涌现但是规模较小的C2C电子商务市场。B2C电子商务B2C电子商务市场规模在持续增长中,最近估计,2006年销量高达210亿美元,比上年增长20,预计在2010年可能会达到3300亿美元。而且在美国有5500万网上购
6、物的家庭。而最大的B2C电子商务产品是旅游,占35的市场份额,以美元计算大约有700亿美元的销量。其次是170亿美元销量的计算机硬件和软件,车载设备达160亿美元的销量,服装是140亿美元的销量。B2C电子商务市场可以分成网上零售购物、网上银行和电子学习。网上零售购物电子商务活动中网上零售购物是最常见的,常常可以看到在网上出售衣物、电子设备、电气用品、计算机硬件和软件、书和杂志、食物和饮料、健康和管理、体3育用品、音乐录影带和办公设备。除了零售商品,网上销售的主要服务还包括计算机系统、出版物、商品合同、行程安排或预订。近年来,已经注册的零售电子商务网站的销售年增长率为25,而社会消费品零售总额
7、为4,虽然社会消费品增长没有太大突破,但是它在2004年零售总额大约只有2。有趣的是,预计出会有最高的市场增长量的是化妆品和宠物用品。根据互联网上的浏览量排名,亚马逊是最流行的在线购物网站,有着全球范围内互联网浏览量的18左右的用户。在2006年就达到107亿美元的收入。财富500强企业将数以千计的新产品在其网站上销售,使网站零售商品种类横跨整个零售产品种类。除了广泛的产品范围,亚马逊还有个性化的功能,如点击购买数量可以编辑购买数量,客户有购买权和对产品进行评论,礼物登记,希望清单,网上预订餐厅和电影节目的功能。除了亚马逊,TARGET,沃尔玛,BESTBUY,NEWEGG和TIGERDIRE
8、CT也纷纷投入到网上购物网站行列中。什么是影响消费者采用网上购物的因素研究表明设计出导航便利、实用性、可靠性、快速响应、安全和保密性与一体的网站,并能提供支助性业务质量例如命令履行、询问台和回归政策等等这些都会影响到用户是否进行网上购物。网站应该具有吸引力,可以通过丰富的描述和图片表现出来,特别是可以推出产品的价值所在。让现实技术产生的服务问题减到最小,让相关产品无法让用户了解和感觉的问题也减少到最小。顾客在购买之前可以了解更多关于产品和使用产品经验的情况。同时,严重的产品信息不完整和不正确会导致网站在线商店的质量不受信任,驱使客户离开商店。网上购物网站可以提供增加销量值的功能,例如查寻商品的
9、引擎服务,提高购物享受,尤其是对希望购买特定产品的客户,预先正面推荐,通过消费者名誉评估减少制定订单的时间,让顾客做出更好的决定。在这里我们首先可以做的是改变通过购物网站进行网上购物不受信任的看法。有关这方面电子商务的环节,我们会在随后的部分进行处理。网上银行网上银行有大约43的互联网用户(约6300万成年人),网上银行应用是互联网应用中增长速度最快的。据估计,一家网上银行的总资产为35亿美元,比所有普通银行高1亿美元。目前,网上银行通过INTERNET向客户提供开户、销户、查询、对帐、行内转帐、跨行转账、信贷、网上证劵、投资理财等传统服务项目,使客户可4以足不出户就能够安全便捷地管理活期和定
10、期存款、支票、信用卡及个人投资等服务。基于在互联网流量排名中的地位,最受欢迎的美国银行网站是追捕银行,全球范围内拥有互联网用户超过了002。其他主要的网上银行有美国银行、花旗银行、USBANK、瓦乔维亚银行。影响顾客采用网上银行业务的重要因素是什么这些影响因素要归入到两个类别网上银行业务网站的特征和用户悟性。前者的范畴,包括有效性、享受、可用性、方便、易操作、以及相关的因素。后者的范畴,包括用户收入、年龄、性别、计算机经验、电脑效率、技术背景、主观能力、适应能力和意识中网上银行业务的好处。网上银行的规模和增长情况一直令人印象深刻,因为它没有迎头赶上由于因特网的成长和电子商务活动信任而产生的差距
11、。尽管这一技术进步了,使得我们可以安全可靠的传输敏感信息,但是还是有相当一部分对于保密和安全的网上银行业务的交易有保留的互联网用户,他们大多不相信网上银行的网站。银行的网站设计可以通过隐私和数据保护技术实现安全,希望信任障碍可以克服,正确的验证用户信息对于安全的网上银行也提供补救机制。的确,信任是一个值得关注的问题,不仅仅是网上银行,面对整体电子商务,信任问题也是至关重要的问题,这些在随后的章节会进行分析和处理。5外文文献原文TITLEECOMMERCEMATERIALSOURCESPRINGERBERLINHEIDELBERG,2009AUTHORCLYDEWHOLSAPPLE,SHARAT
12、HSASIDHARANELECTRONICCOMMERCEECOMMERCEISFASTBECOMINGAWAYOFLIFEINTHE21STCENTURYASMOREANDMORECONSUMERSANDORGANIZATIONSRESORTTOELECTRONICMEANSFORCONDUCTINGPURCHASESANDFACILITATINGBUSINESSTRANSACTIONS,ITHASBECOMEVITALFORACADEMICRESEARCHERSASWELLASPRACTITIONERSTOUNDERSTANDITSWORKINGS,ANDBEABLETOANALYZEPR
13、OBLEMSANDRECTIFYWEAKNESSESTHISISCOMPLICATEDBYTHEFACTTHATTHEECOMMERCEMARKETISGLOBALANDCONSTANTLYEVOLVING,WITHNEWANDINNOVATIVEBUSINESSMODELSANDPRODUCTSBEINGINTRODUCEDATARAPIDPACEWEPRESENTANOVERVIEWOFTHESTATUSOFECOMMERCE,WITHPARTICULAREMPHASISONACADEMICRESEARCHSPECIFICALLY,WEREVIEWTHEHISTORICALBACKGROU
14、NDOFECOMMERCE,DISCUSSTHEORETICALFRAMEWORKS,ANDEXAMINEECOMMERCEMODELSWEALSODISCUSSEMERGINGTRENDSASWELLASPRESSINGISSUESFACINGTHEECOMMERCEMARKETPLACEELECTRONICCOMMERCEISFASTDOMINATINGEVERYASPECTOFOURDAYTODAYEXISTENCEWHETHERPURCHASINGRETAILPRODUCTSRANGINGFROMBOOKSTOAUTOMOBILES,ORSERVICESRANGINGFROMINFOR
15、MATIONTOBANKING,CONSUMERSAREINCREASINGLYTURNINGTOTHEINTERNETANDTHEWORLDWIDEWEBBUSINESSESAREINCREASINGLYCONDUCTINGTRANSACTIONSWITHINTHEIRVALUECHAINSANDACROSSTHEIRSUPPLYCHAINSTHROUGHELECTRONICMEANSTHEREISCONSTANTEXPERIMENTATIONWITHNEWERANDMOREINNOVATIVEBUSINESSMODELS,RESULTINGINANEVEREVOLVINGECOMMERCE
16、MARKETPLACETHISCHAPTERPROVIDESACOMPREHENSIVEPICTUREOFTHEECOMMERCELANDSCAPE,WITHANEMPHASISONACADEMICRESEARCHFINDINGSWITHTHISINMIND,WEFIRSTDISCUSSTHEEVOLUTIONOFECOMMERCETHISISFOLLOWEDBYADISCUSSIONOFTHEORETICALASPECTSOFECOMMERCERESEARCHDEFINITIONS,FRAMEWORKS,ANDSUCCESSPARAMETERSWETHENDISCUSSTHREEBROADE
17、COMMERCEMODELSBUSINESSTOCONSUMER,BUSINESSTOBUSINESS,ANDCONSUMERTOCONSUMERSPECIALEMPHASISISGIVENTOTHREEPOPULARB2CACTIVITIESONLINESHOPPING,ONLINEBANKING,ANDELECTRONICLEARNINGWETHENDISCUSSTHREEEMERGINGECOMMERCEAPPLICATIONSMOBILE6COMMERCE,TELEMEDICINE,ANDFEEBASEDINFORMATIONDELIVERYFINALLY,WECONCLUDEWITH
18、ADISCUSSIONONTWOOPENISSUESFACINGECOMMERCEUSERTRUSTANDLEGALCONSIDERATIONSBACKGROUNDPRIORTOTHE1960S,INFORMATIONSYSTEMSISWEREPRIMARILYUSEDFORSCIENTIFICRESEARCHANDMILITARYPURPOSES,ANDVERYRARELYFORCOMMERCETHEEARLYBUSINESSAPPLICATIONSOFCOMPUTERSRANGEDFROMTHELYONSELECTRONICOFFICELEOSYSTEM,AUTOMATINGCLERICA
19、LACCOUNTINGTASKS,TOTHEBANKOFAMERICASELECTRONICRECORDINGMACHINEACCOUNTINGERMA,INVOLVINGTHEAUTOMATIONOFCHECKHANDLINGTHE1960SAND1970SSAWBUSINESSESTABLISHMENTSBECOMINGHEAVYUSERSOFCOMPUTERSFORACCOUNTINGANDPRODUCTIONACTIVITIES,BUTLARGELYCONFINEDTOAPPLICATIONSWITHINTHEORGANIZATIONITWASWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFT
20、HEELECTRONICDATAINTERCHANGEEDIINTHE1970STHATORGANIZATIONSSTARTEDCOMMUNICATINGWITHONEANOTHERELECTRONICALLYTHEHIGHCOSTOFDEVELOPMENTANDMAINTENANCEOFPRIVATENETWORKS,LACKOFSTANDARDIZATION,ANDTHEFACTTHATNOTALLORGANIZATIONSHADEDISYSTEMSHINDEREDITSEARLYGROWTHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEACCREDITEDSTANDARDSCOMMITTEEAS
21、CX12STANDARDSINTHE1980SPROVIDEDABOOSTTOTHEPOPULARITYOFEDIEVENTODAY,EDIFACILITATESAMAJORITYOFB2BECOMMERCETRANSACTIONSTHROUGHVALUEADDEDNETWORKSVANANDOVERTHEINTERNETPARALLELINGTHEDEVELOPMENTOFEDIWASTHEGROWTHOFTHEINTERNET,WHICHLATERALONGWITHTHEWORLDWIDEWEBBECAMETHEDRIVINGFORCEBEHINDB2CECOMMERCETHEINTERN
22、ETHADITSORIGINSINTHELATE1960SASTHEADVANCEDRESEARCHPROJECTSAGENCYNET,DESIGNEDEXCLUSIVELYFORRESEARCH,EDUCATION,ANDUSEBYGOVERNMENTORGANIZATIONSSUBSEQUENTLY,IN1983,THEARPANETWASSPLITINTOTHEMILNETANDTHEINTERNET,THEFORMERUSEDFORMILITARYPURPOSESANDTHELATTERFORRESEARCHANDEDUCATIONAROUNDTHISTIME,THECOMMUNICA
23、TIONOFCOMPUTERSOVERTHEINTERNETWASSTANDARDIZEDUSINGTHETRANSMISSIONCONTROLPROTOCOL/INTERNETPROTOCOLTCP/IP,ANDINTHEFOLLOWINGYEARTHEDOMAINNAMESYSTEMWASINTRODUCEDECOMMERCEMODELSANDAPPLICATIONSTHEUSDEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCEVIEWSB2BECOMMERCEASDEALINGWITHMANUFACTURINGANDWHOLESALEACTIVITY,ANDB2CECOMMERCEASDEALING
24、WITHRETAILINGANDTHESERVICEINDUSTRYBASEDONTHISCATEGORIZATION,THETOTALVOLUMEOFECOMMERCE7TRANSACTIONSIN2004AMOUNTEDTOUS1951BILLION,REPRESENTINGA144INCREASEOVERTHEPREVIOUSYEAR,ANDCOMPRISINGROUGHLY10OFTHETOTALVALUEOFUSSHIPMENT,SALES,ANDREVENUETHELIONSSHAREOFTHEECOMMERCEMARKETINDOLLARTERMSISINTHEB2BSEGMEN
25、T,AMOUNTINGTO93ORUS1821BILLIONHOWEVER,GIVENITSINTRUSIONINTOVIRTUALLYEVERYSINGLEASPECTOFOURDAILYLIFE,B2CECOMMERCEREMAINSPERHAPSTHEMOSTVISIBLEANDEASILYRECOGNIZABLEFACEOFECOMMERCEWEFIRSTDISCUSSTHEB2CECOMMERCEMARKET,FOLLOWEDBYTHEB2BECOMMERCEMARKETWETHENDISCUSSTHESMALLBUTRAPIDLYEMERGINGC2CECOMMERCEMARKET
26、B2CECOMMERCETHEB2CECOMMERCEMARKETHASCONTINUEDTOGROWWITHRECENTESTIMATESBEINGASHIGHASUS210BILLIONFOR2006,ANINCREASEOF20OVERTHEPREVIOUSYEAR,ANDPROJECTEDTOREACHUS330BILLIONIN2010WITHANESTIMATED55MILLIONONLINESHOPPINGHOUSEHOLDSINTHEUSINDOLLARTERMS,THELARGESTB2CECOMMERCEPRODUCTLINEISTRAVEL,WITHAPPROXIMATE
27、LY35OFTHEMARKETATUS70BILLIONTHISISFOLLOWEDBYCOMPUTERHARDWAREANDSOFTWAREATUS17BILLION,AUTOMOTIVEEQUIPMENTATUS16BILLION,ANDAPPARELATUS14BILLIONWETHEB2CECOMMERCEMARKETPLACEONLINERETAILSHOPPING,ONLINEBANKING,ANDELECTRONICLEARNINGONLINERETAILSHOPPINGTHISISPERHAPSTHEMOSTVISIBLEFACEOFECOMMERCETHEONLINESELL
28、INGOFAWIDERANGEOFRETAILGOODSANDPRODUCTSSUCHASCLOTHING,CLOTHINGACCESSORIES,ELECTRONICDEVICES,ELECTRICALAPPLIANCES,COMPUTERHARDWAREANDSOFTWARE,BOOKSANDMAGAZINES,FOODANDBEVERAGES,HEALTHANDPERSONALCAREITEMS,SPORTINGGOODS,MUSICANDVIDEOS,ANDOFFICEEQUIPMENTANDSUPPLIESAPARTFROMRETAILGOODS,THEMAJORSERVICESSO
29、LDONLINEINCLUDETHOSERELATEDTOCOMPUTERSYSTEMS,PUBLISHING,SECURITIESANDCOMMODITYCONTRACTINTERMEDIATION/BROKERAGE,ANDTRAVELARRANGEMENT/RESERTVATIONINRECENTYEARS,RETAILECOMMERCESALESREGISTEREDANANNUALGROWTHOF25COMPAREDWITH4FORTOTALRETAILSALESHOWEVER,ITSTILLISONLYASMALLFRACTIONOFTOTALRETAILSALES,ATAROUND
30、2IN2004INTERESTINGLY,TWOOFTHEPRODUCTLINESPROJECTEDTOEXPERIENCETHEHIGHESTMARKETGROWTHARECOSMETICSANDPETSUPPLIESBASEDONINTERNETTRAFFICRANKINGS,THEMOSTPOPULARONLINESHOPPINGSITEISAMAZON8HAVINGAGLOBALREACHOFAROUND18OFMEASUREDINTERNETUSERSWITHANNUALREVENUESOFUS107BILLIONIN2006,THISFORTUNE500COMPANYLISTSTH
31、OUSANDSOFNEWANDUSEDITEMSATITSWEBSITE,SPANNINGTHEENTIRERETAILPRODUCTSPECTRUMAPARTFROMTHEWIDEARRAYOFPRODUCTS,AMAZONINCORPORATESANUMBEROFPERSONALIZATIONFEATURESSUCHASONECLICKBUYING,CUSTOMERANDEDITORIALPRODUCTREVIEWS,GIFTREGISTRIESANDCERTIFICATES,WISHLISTS,ANDRESTAURANTANDMOVIELISTINGSOTHERMAJORONLINESH
32、OPPINGSITESINCLUDETHOSEOFTARGET,WALMART,BESTBUY,NEWEGG,ANDTIGERDIRECTWHATARETHEFACTORSTHATINFLUENCETHEADOPTIONOFONLINESHOPPINGBYCONSUMERSRESEARCHHASINDICATEDTHATTHEDESIGNOFHEWEBSITEINTERMSOFNAVIGATION,CONVENIENCE,USABILITY,RELIABILITY,RESPONSIVENESS,SECURITYANDPRIVACY,ASWELLASTHEQUALITYOFSUPPORTSERV
33、ICESSUCHASORDERFULFILLMENT,HELPDESKS,ANDRETURNPOLICIESAFFECTUSERADOPTIONTHEWEBSITESHOULDBEATTRACTIVEANDHAVEASOCIALPRESENCETHROUGHRICHDESCRIPTIONSANDGRAPHICS,PARTICULARLYINTHECASEOFPRODUCTSHAVINGAMUSEMENTVALUETHEUSEOFVIRTUALREALITYTECHNOLOGIESSERVESTOMINIMIZETHEPROBLEMSASSOCIATEDWITHTHEUSERBEINGUNABL
34、ETOTOUCHANDFEELTHEPRODUCTTHISISPARTICULARLYTRUEINTHECASEOFHIGHEXPERIENTIALPRODUCTSWHERECUSTOMERSNEEDTOLEARNMOREABOUTTHEPRODUCTANDEXPERIMENTWITHITBEFOREMAKINGTHEPURCHASEALSO,ABADLYSTYLED,INCOMPLETE,ANDERRONEOUSWEBSITERESULTSINANEGATIVEIMPRESSIONREGARDINGTHEQUALITYOFANONLINESTORE,ANDTHERESULTINGLACKOF
35、TRUSTDRIVESCUSTOMERSAWAYFROMTHESTOREONLINESTORESTHATPROVIDEVALUEADDEDMECHANISMSSUCHASSEARCHENGINESSERVETOENHANCESHOPPINGENJOYMENT,PARTICULARLYFORCUSTOMERSWHOARENOTLOOKINGTOPURCHASEASPECIFICPRODUCTPOSITIVERECOMMENDATIONSFROMPRIORCUSTOMERSVIAACONSUMERREPUTATIONFACILITYSERVETOREDUCEDECISIONMAKINGTIMEAN
36、DENABLECUSTOMERSTOMAKEBETTERDECISIONSABOVEALL,THEMOSTIMPORTANTFACTORTHATCOULDMAKEORBREAKADOPTIONOFANONLINESHOPPINGSITEISCUSTOMERPERCEPTIONOFTRUSTINTHEONLINESHOPPINGMERCHANTASTHISASPECTISRELEVANTINALLSEGMENTSOFECOMMERCE,WEDEALWITHITSEPARATELYINASUBSEQUENTSECTIONONLINEBANKINGONLINEBANKINGISONOFTHEFAST
37、ESTGROWINGINTERNETACTIVITIESWITHABOUT43OFINTERNETUSERS63MILLIONADULTSBANKINGONLINEONAREGULARBASISITHASBEENESTIMATED9THATTHEAVERAGETOTALASSETSOFANINTERNETONLYBANKISUS35BILLIONCOMPAREDWITHUS1BILLIONFORALLBANKSCURRENTLY,ONLINEBANKINGPORTALSPROVIDEANARRAYOFSERVICESTOCUSTOMERSINCLUDINGTYPICALBANKINGACTIV
38、ITIESSUCHASTRANSFERRINGFUNDS,ADVANCINGLOANS,ORDERINGCHECKS,ANDDOWNLOADINGINFORMATIONABOUTCHECKING/SAVINGS,INTEREST/DIVIDENDS,LOANPAYOFFS/BALANCES,ANDSHARE/CHECKINGBALANCESBASEDONINTERNETTRAFFICRANKINGS,THEMOSTPOPULARUSBANKINGSITEISTHATOFTHECHASEBANK,HAVINGAGLOBALREACHOFAROUND002OFMEASUREDINTERNETUSE
39、RSOTHERMAJORPLAYERSINCLUDEBANKOFAMERICA,CITIBANK,USBANK,ANDWACHOVIABANKWHATARETHEIMPORTANTFACTORSTHATINFLUENCECUSTOMERADOPTIONOFONLINEBANKINGTHESEFALLINTOTWOBROADCATEGORIESINDIVIDUALCHARACTERISTICSANDUSERPERCEPTIONSOFTHEONLINEBANKINGWEBSITEINTHEFORMERCATEGORY,FACTORSINCLUDEDEMOGRAPHICSRELATEDTOINCOM
40、E,AGE,ANDGENDER,PRIORCOMPUTEREXPERIENCE,COMPUTERSELFEFFICACY,TECHNOLOGICALBACKGROUND,SUBJECTIVENORMS,INNOVATIVENESS,ADAPTABILITYANDAWARENESSOFONLINEBANKINGBENEFITSINTHELATTERCATEGORY,FACTORSINCLUDEUSEFULNESS,ENJOYMENT,USABILITY,CONVENIENCE,ACCESSIBILITY,ANDRELEVANCEOFTHEWEBSITEALTHOUGHTHESIZEANDGROW
41、THOFONLINEBANKINGHASBEENIMPRESSIVE,ITHASNOTOUTPACEDTHEGROWTHOFTHEINTERNETOROTHERECOMMERCEACTIVITIESDUETOTHETRUSTGAPDESPITETHETECHNICALADVANCEMENTSTHATHAVELEDTOTHESAFEANDSECURETRANSMISSIONOFSENSITIVEINFORMATION,ASIZABLEPORTIONOFINTERNETUSERSSTILLHAVERESERVATIONSREGARDINGTHESECURITYANDCONFIDENTIALITYO
42、FONLINEBANKINGTRANSACTIONS,ANDHENCEDONOTTRUSTONLINEBANKINGSITESTHETRUSTBARRIERSCOULDBEOVERCOMEBYINCORPORATINGPRIVACYANDDATAPROTECTIONTECHNOLOGYINTOBANKINGWEBSITEDESIGN,PROPERAUTHENTICATIONOFUSERS,INFORMINGUSERSREGARDINGSECUREONLINEBANKINGPRACTICES,ANDPROVIDINGREDRESSALMECHANISMSINDEED,TRUSTISANISSUETHATISOFCONCERNNOTONLYFORONLINEBANKING,BUTFORECOMMERCEASAWHOLE,ANDISDEALTWITHINASUBSEQUENTSECTION