1、 外文翻译原文及译文 学 院 计算机学院 专 业 计算机科学与技术 班 级 84010102 学 号 20080401010xx 姓 名 指导教师 张维君 负责教师 张维君 沈阳航空 航天大学 2012年 6月沈阳航空 航天大学 毕业设计（论文） 外文 翻译 原文 1 Smart Home Technology Link your homes lighting, entertainment and security systems with new automated home technology. Smart home is expected to offer various intell
2、igent services by recognizing residents along with their life style and feelings. One of the key issues for realizing the smart home is how to detect the locations of residents. Currently, the research effort is focused on two approaches: terminal-based and non-terminal-based methods. The terminal -
3、based method employs a type of device that should be carried by the resident while the non-terminal-based method requires no such device. There is a growing interest in smart home as a way to offer a convenient, comfortable, and safe residential environment . In general, the smart home aims to offer
4、 appropriate intelligent services to actively assist in the residents life such as housework, amusement, rest, and sleep. Hence, in order to enhance the residents convenience and safety, devices such as home appliances, multimedia appliances, and internet appliances should be connected via a home ne
5、twork system, as shown in Fig. 1, and they should be controlled or monitored remotely using a television (TV) or personal digital assistant (PDA) . Especially, attention has been focused on location-based services as a way to offer high-quality intelligent services, while considering human factors s
6、uch as pattern of living, health, and feelings of a resident . That is, if the smart home can recognize the residents pattern of living or health, then home appliances should be able to anticipate the residents needs and offer appropriate intelligent service more actively. For example, in a passive
7、service environment, the resident controls the operation of the HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) system, while the smart home would control the temperature and humidity of a room according to the residents condition. Various indoor location-aware systems have been developed to recog
8、nize the residents location in the smart home or 沈阳航空 航天大学 毕业设计（论文） 外文 翻译 原文 2 smart office. In general, indoor location-aware systems have been classified into three types according to the measurement technology: triangulation, scene analysis, and proximity methods 8. The triangulation method uses
9、multiple distances from multiple known points. Examples include Active Badges , Active Bats , and Easy Living , which use infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and vision sensors, respectively. The scene analysis method examines a view from a particular vantage point. Representative examples of the
10、scene analysis method are MotionStar , which uses a DC magnetic tracker, and RADAR , which uses IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (LAN). Finally, the proximity method measures nearness to a known set of points. An example of the proximity method is Smart Floor , which uses pressure sensors. Al
11、ternatively, indoor location-aware systems can be classified according to the need for a terminal that should be carried by the resident. Terminal-based methods, such as Active Bats, do not recognize the residents location directly, but perceive the location of a device carried by the resident, such
12、 as an infrared transceiver or radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. Therefore, it is impossible to recognize the residents location if he or she is not carrying the device. In contrast, non-terminal methods such as Easy Living and Smart Floor can find the residents location without such device
13、s. However, Easy Living can be regarded to invade the residents privacy while the Smart Floor has difficulty with extendibility and maintenance. Home automation has come a long way from the manual timer hooked up to the living room light. Todays “smart“ home automatically regulates heat, air and lig
14、ht, distributes audio and video around the house, controls access to your home and can even remind you to exercise! New technologies and product advances have made home technology systems more affordable than ever and have brought home systems integration into the mainstream. According to a study do
15、ne in 2004 by the National Association of Home Builders Research Center and the Consumer Electronics Association, nearly half of all new homes being built in the U.S. are now using structured copper “smart“ wiring to enable the installation of new home technology systems. 沈阳航空 航天大学 毕业设计（论文） 外文 翻译 原文
16、 3 How it Works There are four main types of networks you can install in your home to support the available new technology. Each has its advantages and disadvantages depending on whether you are wiring a new home or upgrading an existing home. Structured wiring involves running specialized high perf
17、ormance cabling throughout your home. It provides a highly reliable and secure network that distributes data signals for phones, computers, TVs and audio components. Its ideal for new construction but not always easy to install in an existing home. Also, networking is limited to the reach of cables,
18、 jacks and plugs. Wireless networks provide the advantages of flexibility and mobility and virtually eliminate the wiring dilemmas often faced by existing homeowners. However, wireless networks tend to be less reliable and subject to interference from other devices such as baby monitors and cordless
19、 phones. Power-line networks use a homes existing electrical lines to transmit data. They are relatively easy to set up and operate but carry the risk of power surges, and an unencrypted household network may be accessible to neighbors sharing the same transformer. Phone-line networks use a homes te
20、lephone lines to carry multiple services. Typically, each service is assigned a unique frequency spectrum so they dont interfere with one another. Smart home technology may also enable you to dial in via a phone line to control specific home operating systems and/or be pre-set to dial out to a monit
21、oring service in the case of a fire or break-in. While the possibilities for home automation are only limited by your imagination, the choices facing the average homeowner may seem daunting. The good news is that you do not need to become a technological expert in order to enhance your homes capabil
22、ities. A home technology integrator can design, implement, and tie together your homes various electronic systems. These include: Entertainment: You may have been impressed by a friends home theatre setup one night, when they popped a movie in their DVD player and gave you the large screen, surround
23、 sound experience. But why not take this experience further? Using fairly simple 沈阳航空 航天大学 毕业设计（论文） 外文 翻译 原文 4 automation technology, you could push a “movie“ button on a touch pad in your family room. The lights would dim, the blinds would close, the popcorn maker would spring into action, the frid
24、ge would check for adequate ice levels for your soda, and your calls would be automatically forwarded straight to your answering service. With a little creativity and planning, all these events can be achieved using a home network. It would be equally simple, using motion sensors and your stereo sys
25、tem, to play music every time you enter a room in your home - something upbeat, perhaps, for the home gym, maybe classical music for your study - the possibilities are endless. Or you could sit in your living room and select the music you want to listen to via on-screen menus that are displayed on y
26、our TV. You could even monitor your childrens television and video-game habits, when youre not at home by programming the network to alert your cell phone if your children watch too much television or inappropriate programming. Or you can simply program the TV or gaming console to shut off after a c
27、ertain amount of time. Security: Using smart home automation technology, you can program your lights to simulate normal in-home activity when youre away. For example, some time around your regular bedtime, your bedroom lights and TV will turn on while the rest of the house will be darkened. And this
28、 lighting routine can be set up to change on the weekend. To protect against break-ins, you can position web cams at home entrances and install an alarm system that uses heat and motion sensors to alert you and a remote security company in the case of an intruder. In the case of fire, your smoke det
29、ector can be wired to sound not just an alarm but also to send a signal to your air-conditioning system fans to shut down, alert you and specified contacts and illuminate an evacuation route throughout the house. Energy: Energy savings can be realized by automating thermostats, lights and other envi
30、ronmental systems such as garden sprinklers and fountains. Integrating all of these into one environmental system can help ensure a minimum waste of energy in your home. For example, on a hot, sunny day, weather sensors can activate blind and drapery controls to shade your home, and ensure that your
31、 garden receives adequate irrigation at the right time of day. Motion and occupancy sensors can activate heat and lighting controls 沈阳航空 航天大学 毕业设计（论文） 外文 翻译 原文 5 as you enter and exit rooms. Todays new smart IR sensors represent a union of two rapidly evolving sciences that combine IR temperature me
32、asurement with high-speed digital technologies usually associated with the computer. These instruments are called smart sensors because they incorporate microprocessors programmed to act as transceivers for bidirectional, serial communications between sensors on the manufacturing floor and computers
33、 in the control room (see Photo 1). And because the circuitry is smaller, the sensors are smaller, simplifying installation in tight or awkward areas. Integrating smart sensors into new or existing process control systems offers an immediate advantage to process control engineers in terms of providi
34、ng a new level of sophistication in temperature monitoring and control. When you leave for work in the morning, your house could “check“ for and turn off unnecessary energy consumers such as radios, TVs, stoves and irons (a nice safety feature). On your way home, you could use your cell phone or com
35、puter to change the temperature in your home, turn on lights, turn on the radiant heat in your bathroom floor and fill the bathtub to just the right level for a nice long soak. Appliances: From toasters to fridges to picture frames, the possibilities for networking computerized household appliances
36、are limited only by your imagination and budget. Your refrigerator can keep track of food expiration dates and act as a family message center via a built-in screen. Coffee makers and other small appliances (such as toasters) can be activated remotely or as part of a sequence of events. You can even
37、imitate Bill Gates and install framed electronic artwork that changes depending on the preference of the person who enters a room, or purchase Internet-connected picture frames that retrieve images from a gallery supplied by your friends and family for a constantly updated family portrait wall. The
38、key to making your home more comfortable, enjoyable and safe through home automation is to follow three essential steps: Plan: Discuss automation needs and wants with your family members so you can plan ahead. Take into consideration your homes layout in terms of traffic and furniture. 沈阳航空 航天大学 毕业设
39、计（论文） 外文 翻译 原文 6 Consult: Talk to as many people as possible to get ideas and learn about their experiences with home automation; what worked, what didnt, what do they wish they had done differently? Decide: What do you definitely want to be able to do? What is optional? Will you install the network
40、 yourself or leave it to a professional? What kind of network and what types of technology best suit your needs? Home automation, from security systems to intelligent appliances, is becoming an accessible reality. With some careful planning and a little help, you too can enjoy the benefits of a “sma
41、rt“ home Intelligent Homes, Building Management Systems (BMS) encompasses an enormous variety of technologies, across commercial, industrial, institutional and domestic buildings, including energy management systems and building controls. The function of Building Management Systems is central to Int
42、elligent Buildings concepts; its purpose is to control, monitor and optimise building services, eg., lighting; heating; security, TV and alarm systems; access control; audio-visual and entertainment systems; ventilation, filtration and climate control, etc.; even time the lights in your bedroom swit
43、ch on; fading up to allow you to wake up in your own time. The downstairs intruder alarm system is de-activated. In the kitchen the coffee machine turns on to make a drink. The ground floor curtains and blinds open; the towel heater in the bathroom warms the towels. And you havent even got up yet. 沈
44、阳航空航天大学毕业设计（论文）外文翻译 译文 1 智能家居技术 链 接您家的灯光，娱乐和安全系统的新的自动化家用技术。 智能家居，是一种可以通过识别具有不同生活习惯和感觉的住户来提供各种不同的智能服务。而实现这样的功能其中最关键的问题之一就是如何确定住户的位置。目前，研究工作只要集中于两种方法：终端方式和非终端方式。终端方式需要一种住户随身携带的设备，而非终端方式则不需要这样的设备。 现在由于人人都想有一个方便，舒适，安全的居住环境，因此大家对于智能家居表现的越来越感兴趣。一般来说，智能家居旨在提供合适的智能服务来积极促进住户更好的生活，比如家务劳动，娱乐， 休息和睡眠。因此，为了提高住户的便
45、捷和安全，像家用电器，多媒体设备和互联网设备应通过家庭网络系统连接在一起。并且它们应通过电视或个人数字助理（ PDA）来控制或远程监控。 尤其要注意的是，作为一种提供高质量的智能服务，目标应集中于定位服务，同时考虑人为因素，比如住户的生活方式，健康状况和居住感受。也就是说，如果智能家居能识别住户的生活方式或健康状况，那么家用电器应该能预见住户的需要，并能更主动的提供适合的智能服务。例如，在一个被动的服务环境下，需要住户控制供热通风与空气调节系统（供暖，通风和空调），而智能家居 将根据住户情况自动调节房间的温湿度。智能家居或智能办公室的各种室内感应定位系统的已经研发到能够识别住户的位置。一般来说
46、，室内定位感应系统根据测量技术分为三种类型：三角测量，场景分析和接近方法。三角测量法是通过多个已知点来计算位置距离。运用三角测量法的例子包括 Active Badges， Active Bats和 Easy Living，它们分别运用了红外传感器，超声波传感器和视觉传感器来实现的。场景解析法是检测一个场景内的特定着眼点。场景解析法的典型例子是使用直流磁力跟踪器的 MotiveStar，和使用无线局域 网络 LAN标准 IEEE 802,11 的 RADAR。接近法则是以一组已知点中最接近的点近似作为定位点。接近法的例子有使用压力传感器的 Smart Floor。 另外，室内感应定位系统可以根据
47、是否需要住户随身携带一种设备来分类。终端方式，例如 Active Bats，不需要直接找到住户位置，但是可以感应到住户随身携带的设备位置，例如红外收发器或者射频识别技术（ RFID）标签。因此，如果住户没有随声携带终端设备，那就不可能找到他。相反的，非终端方式如 Easy Living 和 Smart 沈阳航空航天大学毕业设计（论文）外文翻译 译文 2 Floor则不需要这种设备就 能找到住户位置。然而，人们认为 Easy Living侵犯了住户隐私， Smart Floor则是扩展和维护都比较困难。 家庭 自动化已经从挂接到客厅灯的手动计时很长的路要走。 今天的 “智能 ”家庭自动调节热量，
48、空气，光线，音频和视频房子周围分布，控制访问您的家庭，甚至可以提醒你锻炼 。 新 技术和产品的进步使家居更负担得起的技术系统，并比以往任何时候都纳入主流家用系统集成。 根据 2004年所做的住宅建筑商研究中心和消费电子协会，几乎所有的新家园一半协会的一项研究正在兴建中的美国正在利用结构铜 “聪明 ”接线，使安装技术的新家园系统。 它是如何工作 主要有四种类型的网络可以在家里安装，以支持现有的新技术。 各有其优势和根据您 是否是一个新的家庭布线或升级现有的家庭缺点。 结构化布线涉及专门高性能运行在您的整个家庭布线。 它提供了一个高度可靠和安全的网络，分销，产品用于手机的数据信号，电脑，电视和音频
49、组件。 这对新建筑的理想，但并不总是很容易安装在现有的家。 此外，网络仅限于电缆范围，插座和插头。 无线网络提供的灵活性和流动性，几乎消除了通常由现有的布线房主面临困境的优势。 然而，无线网络往往是如婴儿监视器，无绳电话不可靠和其他装置受到干扰。 电力线网络使用的家庭已有的电力线来传输数据。 它们是比较容易的设置和执行，但执行的权力风险激增，以及一个未加密的家庭网络可以访问邻国分享同样的变压器。 电话线的网络使用家里的电话线，以开展多种服务。 通常，每个服务指定一个独特的频谱，以便他们不会互相干扰。 智能家居技术也可能使您拨打一个电话线，通过具体的家庭作业控制系统和 /或预先设定为拨号到监控服务在一旦发生火警或破裂情况的研究。 而 家庭自动化的可能性是有限的，只有你的想象，面对的选择一般的房主可能似乎令人望而生畏。 好消息是，你不必成为技术专家，以提高您的家庭的能力。 一个家庭技术集成商能够设计，实施和您的家庭联系在一起的各种电子系统。 这些措施包括：
