1、学研教育内部教材，自家宝贝不外传哦！ 第 1 页共 n 页语法 七大语法考试重点一 独立主格（一）： 独立主格结构的构成：名词( 代词 )+现在分词、过去分词；名词( 代词 )+形容词；名词( 代词 )+副词；名词( 代词 )+不定式；名词( 代词 ) +介词短语构成。 （二） 独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。举例：The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finis
2、hed, we began our holiday. The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. This done, we went home. The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home e
3、arlier. He came into the room, his ears red with cold.He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.二 过去完成时1） 概念：表示过去的过去其构成是 had +过去分词构成。2） 用法a. 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词后的宾语从句。She said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。When the p
4、olice arrived, the thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的动词，如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用过去完成时表示“原本，未能“We had hoped that you would come, but you didn t.3) 过去完成时的时间状语 before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。He said that he had learned some English before.By the time he was t
5、welve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 学研教育内部教材，自家宝贝不外传哦！ 第 2 页共 n 页典型例题 The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office. A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had
6、 written, had left D. were writing, had left注意：had no sooner than 刚 就He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.三 强调结构考试重点：强调句型的基本形式 It is（was）+ 被强调部分+that（who）；强调句型用来强调状语。一、强调句型的基本形式 It is（was）+ 被强调部分+that（who）。二、强调句型用来强调状语。1、It was in that small room_ they worked hard and dreamed of better da
7、ys to come.A. where B. in which C. which d. that2、It is because she is very devoted to her students _she is respected by them.A. that B. which C. what D. who 3、It was not until she arrived in class _realized she had forgotten her book.A. and she B. when C. she D. that she 四 情态动词考试重点：情态动词+完成时情态动词用来表示
8、能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。一、must +现在完成时 表示对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜测。1、Mr. Green _ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now.A. must have received B. must have failed to receive C. must receive D. must fail to receive2、I believe he _ an accident, ot
9、herwise he would have arrived on time.A. would have had B. could have had C. should have had D. must have had 二、should （ought to ） +完成时 表示应该做的事情而没有做，否定式表示不该做的事情做了。含有对过去的动作的责备、批评。1、They have done things they ought _.A. not to do B. not to be done C. not to have done D. not having done 2、Im sorry I co
10、uldnt get in touch with him before he left, I _ him earlier.A. had a telephone B. have phoned C. should have phoned D. should be phoned 三、could +完成时 表示能做的事情而没有做。表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾。1、He could have joined us, but he didnt get our invitation in time. 学研教育内部教材，自家宝贝不外传哦！ 第 3 页共 n 页2、I could have passed
11、, but I did not study hard enough. 五 虚拟语气 考试重点：虚拟语气的基本形式和用法；if 的省略形式；含蓄条件句；以 wish（that）引导的表示“ 愿望”的宾语从句；would rather 引导的从句；以 as if, as though 引导的从句；以 suggest, advise, insist 等词后引导的宾语从句；It is necessary（important）that 引导的主语从句；It is time （that）句型中。一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法：虚拟（条件）语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：1、I would
12、ask George to lend us the money if I _ him.A. had known B. have known C. knew D. know2、Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _ the same language?A. spoke B. speak C. had spoken D. will speak3、If Bob_ with us, he would have had a good time.A. would come B. would have co
13、me C. had come D. came二、if 的省略形式 在虚拟条件句中， 如谓语包含 were , had, should 等词， 则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略 if。1、_ you were busy, I wouldn t have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have realized that D. As I realized2、_, I should ask them some questions.A. Should they come to us
14、B. If they come to us C. Were they come to us D. Had they come to us三、含蓄条件句有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with，without，but for。1、Without your help, we _ so much.A. didnt achieve B. would not have achieved C. will not achieve D. dont achieve2、But for the rain, we _ a nice holiday.A. should
15、 have B. would have had C. would have D. will have had 四、以 wish（that）引导的表示 “愿望”的宾语从句wish 后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语wish 从句（主语过去时）；表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语wish +从句（主语过去完成时）；1、Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college.A. could study B. studied C. h
16、ad studied D. would study I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there.A. were B. would be C. had been D. will be 学研教育内部教材，自家宝贝不外传哦！ 第 4 页共 n 页五、would rather句子（过去时）1、Id _ you didnt touch that, if you dont mind.A. rather B. better C. happier D. further I am too busy these days. I would rather all
17、 of you _ next month for a dinner.A. come B. would come C. came D. have come 六、以 as if，as though 引导的从句在 as if，as though 引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时，它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和 wish 后面的从中动词形式变化相同。1、He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would have known2、You are talking
18、as if you had seen them七、以 suggest，advise，insist 等词后引导的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用 should+动词原形，should 可以省略。类似的动词有：propose ，order ，demand ，require，request 等。1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _ an operation right away so as to save his life.A. had B. would have C. have D. was going to have 2、His mother insisted
19、 that he _ the coat when going out.A. put on B. puts on C. to put D. putting on 八、It is necessary/important/urgent that 引导的主语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用 should+原形动词，should 可以省略。1、Its desired that she _ to teach us at least twice a week.A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come 2、Its urgent that a meeting _ before
20、 the final decision is made.A. will be arranged B. must be arranged C. be arranged D. would be arranged 九、It is time (that) 引导的定语从句中，谓语动词用过去时。1、Its high time we _ something to stop traffic accident.A. do B. will do C. did D. must do 2、Dont you think it is time you _ smoking?A. give up B. gave up C.
21、would give up D. should give up 六 状语从句在主从句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句。常见的状语从句有时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果。一、时间状语从句常用的连词有：when ， whenever（无论什么时候）， since，as，until，hardlywhen，no soonerthan，as soon as，before，after，the moment，the minute （一就）1、No sooner had they got the goods covered up _ it started raining hard.学研教育内部
22、教材，自家宝贝不外传哦！ 第 5 页共 n 页A. when B. than C. then D. after2、She has wanted to become a nurse _ since she was a young girl.A. long B. often C. always D. ever 二、条件状语从句常用 if，unless（除非，如果不），as/so long as 只要。1、_ Im mistaken, Ive seen that man before.A. Unless B. If C. Because D. Provided2、_ you return those
23、 books to the library immediately you will have to pay a fine.A. Until B. Unless C. If D. Provided 三、原因状语从句常用：because, as, since。如果表示必然的因果关系，一般用 because 引入；而 since 表示一种间接或附带的原因；用 as 只是提一下。1、He cannot go to school because he is ill. 2、Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest. 四、让步状语从句常用 tho
24、ugh/although，as （尽管），even if/though，however，whatever，wherever，whoever，no matter how/what/who 等1、In short, _ he lives, a man belongs to some society.A. whatever B. whenever C. whichever D. wherever2、_, you must show your ticket to go into the cinema.A. No matter whoever you are B. Whomever you are C.
25、 Whoever you are D. No matter who are you3、_ you disagree with her, her idea is still worth considering.A. Even if B. If only C. Instead of D. Despite of 4、Young _ he is, he knows what is the right thing to do.A. that B. as C. although D. however五、方式状语从句常用 as, just as, as if/though 等词。1、_ was pointe
26、d above, this substance can be used as a substitute.A. It B. That C. What D. As 2、He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would have known六、目的状语从句常用 so that , in order that, lest （以免， 以防）, in case。1、I wrote it down _ I should forget it.A. in case B. in case of C.
27、 in order that D. for fear of 2、Ill give you my phone number, so that you can call me when you arrive here.七、结果状语从句常用 sothat, suchthat 学研教育内部教材，自家宝贝不外传哦！ 第 6 页共 n 页They are _ students that they all performed well in the nationwide examinations.A. so diligent B. such diligent C. so much diligent D. s
28、uch very diligent 七 主谓一致考试重点：形式上复数、意义单数的名词做主语；动名词、不定式，从句做主语；a number+of+复数名词和 the number+of+可数或不可数名词做主语；主语由 as well as 等词修饰时的主谓一致；当用 and 连接的名词前有 each，every 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。一、名词 physics （物理），maths（数学），news （新闻）， means（方法），works（工厂）等一般被认为是形式是复数，意思是单数的名词，它们做主语的时候动词一般用单数形式。Every means has been tried. 二、动名词
29、、不定式、从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数。When and where the new hospital will be built _ a mystery.A. to remain B. remains C. remain D. is remaining 三、当主语是 a number+of+复数名词时，谓语动词用复数；当主语是 the number+of+可数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数1、A number of cars _ in front of my house.A. was parked B. were parking C. is parking D. are parked 四、当
30、主语由 as well as 等词修饰时的主谓一致。当句中的主语后接 as well as，along with，together with，including ，accompanied by 等短语+ 名词（代词）时，主语与谓语的一致关系不受影响，主语是单数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式时，谓语动词用复数。1、John, along with twenty friends, is planning a party. 2、No one but Jane and Tom was there then. 五、当用 and 连接的名词前有 each，every 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
31、当主语是eachand，everyand every，many aand结构时，谓语动词用单数。1、Many a singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.2、In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.语法 语法词汇习题(一)1. Water is _ short in many big cities. A. running B. flowing C. becoming D. moving2. Excuse me for _ you
32、 with such a small matter.A. troubling B. taking C. interrupting D. making3. This morning our water supply was _ because of the cold weather.A. let down B. cut off C. taken up D. brought away4. The market was filled with salted fish, _ the worst smell that you can imagine.学研教育内部教材，自家宝贝不外传哦！ 第 7 页共 n
33、 页A. sending off B. giving up C. sending down D. giving off5. It was because the applicant was too proud _ he failed in the interview.A. therefore B. that C. so that D. so6. Tom used to live in California, _?A. used he B. did he C. was he D. didnt he7. So far there is no proof _ people from other pl
34、anets do exist.A. which B. how C. what D. that 8. Never before _so highly successful in changing his surroundings.A. man has been B. man is C. has man been D. is man9. _ from the helicopter, the city looks very beautiful.A. Seeing B. Having seen C. Seen D. To see10. The newspapers reported yesterday
35、 several _on the boundaries of these two countries.A. incidents B. happenings C. events D. accidents11. Some of the students in his class seem _to do their assignments.A. boring B. interesting C. tiring D. unwilling12. Lets work hard to find _to the problem.A. an answer B. a way C. a method D. a sol
36、ution 13. They have developed techniques which are _ to those used in most factories.A. simpler B. better C. superior D. greater14. At the beginning of this term， our English teacher _a list of books for us to read.A. turned out B. made out C. handed in D. passed on15. Im sorry I have _dictionary. Y
37、oud better go to the library.A. not such B. not such a C. not a such D. no such a16. If Mary had not been badly hurt in a car accident, she _in last months marathon race.A. would participate B. might participate C. would have participated D. must participate17. Excuse me, but it is time to have your
38、 temperature _.A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take18. Liquids are like solids _they have a definite volume.A. in which B. that C. in that D. which19. When a friend gave Jim a ticket to the game, he _go.A. couldnt help B. cannot do but C. couldnt help but D. just have to20. I was surprised to find
39、his article on such an _topic so _.A. excited; boring B. exciting; bored C. exciting; boring D. excited; bored21. Tom likes _foreign coins.A. gathering B. assembling C. collecting D. accumulating学研教育内部教材，自家宝贝不外传哦！ 第 8 页共 n 页22. Luckily, most sheep _the flood last month.A. endured B. survived C. opin
40、ion D. passed23. They thought about the problem for a long time but came to no _.A. end B. result C. opinion D. conclusion24. The real trouble _their lack of confidence in their abilities.A. lies in B. lies on C. lies about D. lies off25. The story was so funny that everyone _.A. laughed B. interest
41、ed C. amused D. joked26. He _me by two games to one.A. beat B. conquered C. gained D. won27. _, the next problem was how to make a good plan.A. Having made the decision B. Has the decision been made C. The decision having been made D. The decision has been made28. The brain is capable of ignoring pa
42、in messages if _to concentrate on other activities.A. it allowed B. allowed C. is it allowed D. allowed it29. The child was sorry _his mother when he arrived at the station.A. to miss B. having missed C. missing D. to have missed30. There is no point _with him, since he has already made up his mind.
43、A. argue B. to argue C. in arguing D. of arguing 32. _ helping those who are unwilling to help themselves?A. What sense is it about B. Whats the point of C. Whats the sense with D. What point is it in33. Its almost a year since I left my mother. Im really _ seeing her. A. looking back on B. looking
44、up to C. looking forward to D. looking out over34. If I found the book, I _ it to you. A. will bring B. would have brought C. would bring D. might have brought35. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary _ it helps us to correct our mistakes. A. in that B. in time C. in turn D. in effect36. The aud
45、ience is _ at last years concert. A. much more than that B. much larger than that C. much larger than D. large enough than37. It occurred to her that she might _ a homeless child. A. adapt B. adopt C. adjust D. admit学研教育内部教材，自家宝贝不外传哦！ 第 9 页共 n 页38. He works too hard. Thats _ is wrong with him. A. how B. where C. why D. what39. All _ is peace and progress. A. what is needed B. which is needed C. t
