1、 系动词是表示人或事物状态、性质的动词，如 : be， get， sound， look， seem, feel等。系动词后面的部分叫表语。作表语的典型词类是形容词，也可以是名词、数词、极少数副词 (如 here， there)、介词短语、不定式、分词、表语从句等。系动词与表语共同构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质等。一、表语句子成分 : 表 / 定 / 状 / 补 练习：请找出下列句子的表语并指出表语是由什么来充当的 (名词、数词、形容词、介词 , 不定式 , 分词，还是表语从句 )。1. My wallet is on the desk.1. on the desk, 介词短语。2. The
2、book isnt mine. 2. mine,名词性物主代词。 3. The leaves turn yellow in fall.3. yellow , 形容词。 4. He has become a police officer.a police officer, 名词。5. My suggestion is that we should start at once. that we should start at once, 表语从句。6. My suggestion is to leave at once.6. to leave at once, 不定式短语。7. His speec
3、h was boring.7. boring，现在分词。 8. The whole class got excited at the good news.8. excited， 过去分词。二、定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词，起限定作用。作定语的典型词类是形容词和形容词性物主代词，也可以是数词、名词、介词短语、分词、定语从句等。定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰复合不定代词 (如something)时，或者是短语或定语从句作定语，则总是放在所修饰名词的后面。练习：请找出下列句子的定语并指出定语是由什么充当（形容词、形容词性代词、数词、名词、介词短语、分词还是定语从句）1. The beautifu
4、l sight attracts many tourists every year.1. beautiful, 形容词； many, 数词。2. The wallet on the desk is mine.on the desk, 介词短语。3. The demanding boss wasnt satisfied with my work.demanding, 现在分词； my, 形容词性代词。4. That building being repaired is our library. being repaired, 现在分词短语 ; our, 形容词性代词。5. He is one o
5、f the students that have been late.5. one, 数词 ; that have been late, 定语从句。6. The excited boys burst into cheers.6. excited，过去分词。7. A woman police officer was praised for her good work. 7. woman，名词； good，形容词。三、状语状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，作状语的典型词类是副词，也可以是介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句等。练习：请找出下列句子的状语并指出状语是由什么充当 (副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句 )。1. He did his homework carefully at home. 1.carefully, 副词 ; at home，介词词组。2. Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. 2.to do some shopping不定式作目的状语 ; on Sunday介词短语表时间。
