1、国际关系与国际法国际关系与国际法何志鹏吉林大学法学院第二讲第二讲国际关系的主体与主题国际关系的主体与主题国际关系主体国际关系主体 国际关系中的行为体有哪些？Actors Through the Definition of International Relations 1A strict, narrow and somewhat classical definition of International Relations would be that it is :“the study of relationships among the worlds governments”Actors T
2、hrough the Definition of International Relations 2 In practice, when talking of International Relations, we also take into account international dimensions of relations of governments with other actors, (not just with each other). These other actors, e.g. international organizations, multinational c
3、orporations China decides to join the WTO; Sweden gives $1 billion in credit to developing countries. etc. Actually, though focusing on the state per se helps simplify things, it overlooks the fact that there are various individuals & groups & organizations that can & do take & implement decisions i
4、n the name of the state, including, for example, governments & diplomats, parliamentary committees & assemblies. Actors in IR: Non-State Actors (a) While a state-centric understanding of the international system traditionally dominated, there is now increased recognition of role of non-state actors
5、in what some refer to as a multi-centric international system, i.e. one where media companies like CNN or Al Jazeera, & environmental groups such as Greenpeace & the World Wildlife Fund, & terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda, & transnational or multi-national corporations such as Coca Cola, IBM
6、 & Toyota & Unilever, & even influential individuals such as say Bob Geldof, have a big impact.Actors in IR: Non-State Actors (b) While states may still be the most important actors in IR, they are often strongly limited or influenced in their actions by a variety of non-state actors We can Identify
7、 3 main categories of non-State Actors in IR: 1) Substate Actors 2) Transnational Actors 3) Nongovernmental OrganizationsActors in IR:Non-State Actors(c)Substate ActorsDefined as: “Groups & interests within states that influence the states foreign policy.”E.g. Greek-American lobby & arms embargo on Turkey in 1975 or TSİAD & Turkeys policy regarding the EU, or Turkish consumers who boycotted Italian products when Italy gave temporary shelter to PKK leader calan.
