1、Slide 9.1Object-Oriented Software EngineeringDSlide 9.2CHAPTER 9PLANNING AND ESTIMATINGSlide 9.3Overviewl Planning and the software process/计划活动与软件过程l Estimating duration and cost/估算项目周期和成本l Components of a software project management planl 软件项目管理计划的组成l Software project management plan frameworkl 软件
2、项目管理计划的框架l IEEE software project management planl IEEE软件项目管理计划Slide 9.4Overviewl Planning testing/对测试进行计划l Planning object-oriented projectsl 对面向对象项目进行计划l Training requirements/培训需求l Documentation standards/文档标准l CASE tools for planning and estimatingl 计划和估算的 CASE工具l Testing the software project man
3、agement planl 测试软件项目管理计划Slide 9.5Planning and Estimatingl Before starting to build software, it is essential to plan the entire development effort in detail l 在开始构造软件之前，必须精心计划整个开发过程l Planning continues during development and then postdelivery maintenancel 项目计划必须自始自终贯彻到项目的开发过程和维护过程当中 Initial planning
4、 is not enough/初始计划是不充分的 Planning must proceed throughout the project/随着项目的进行，计划必须进行改进 The earliest possible time that detailed planning can take place is after the specifications are complete 规格说明完成之后必须产生详细计划Slide 9.69.1 Planning and the Software Processl The accuracy of estimation increases as the
5、 process proceedsFigure 9.1Slide 9.7Planning and the Software Process (contd)l Example Cost estimate of $1 million during the requirements workflow Likely actual cost is in the range ($0.25M, $4M) Cost estimate of $1 million at the end of the requirements workflow Likely actual cost is in the range
6、($0.5M, $2M) Cost estimate of $1 million at the end of the analysis workflow (earliest appropriate time) Likely actual cost is in the range ($0.67M, $1.5M)Slide 9.8Planning and the Software Process (contd)l These four points are shown in the coneof uncertainty（非确定性锥 ）Figure 9.2Slide 9.9Planning and
7、the Software Process (contd)l This model is old (1976) Estimating techniques have improved But the shape of the curve is likely to be similarSlide 9.109.2 Estimating Duration and Costl Accurate duration estimation is critical l 准确估算项目的周期极其重要。l Accurate cost estimation is criticall 成本估算的准确性是极其重要的 1 Internal, external costsl There are too many variables for accurate estimate of cost or duration
