1、在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词:在形容词或副词前加 more(如 more natural,more clearly )或加后缀 -er(newer,sooner )。典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加。英语句子中，将比较两个主体的方法叫做“比较句型”。其中，像“A 比 B 更”的表达方式称为比较级；而“A 最”的表达方式则称为最高级。组成句子的方式是将形容词或副词变化成比较级或最高级的形态。 一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 1一般单音节词和少数以-er ，-ow 结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est； （1 ）单音节词 如：smallsmal
2、lersmallest shortshortershortest talltallertallest greatgreatergreatest （2 ）双音节词 如：clevercleverercleverest narrownarrowernarrowest 2以不发音 e 结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r ，最高级在原级后加-st； 如：largelargerlargest nicenicernicest ableablerablest 3在重读闭音节（即：辅音元音辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est ； 如：bigbiggerbiggest hothotte
3、rhottest fatfatterfattest 4以“辅音字母 y”结尾的双音节词， 把 y 改为 i，比较级加-er ，最高级加-est； 如：easyeasiereasiest heavyheavierheaviest busybusierbusiest happyhappierhappiest 5其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加 more，最高级在前面加most； 如：beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful differentmore differentmost different easilymore easilymost easily 注
4、意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。 例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. （2） 形容词 most 前面没有 the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常“。 It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 6有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。 如：goodbetterbest wellbetterbest badworseworst illworseworst oldolder/elderold
5、est/eldest many/muchmoremost littlelessleast far further/farther furthest/farthest 二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法 1“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A 比 B 更”。 如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。 注意： 在含有连词 than 的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。 在比较级前面使用 much，表示程度程度“强得多”。 如：A watermelon is much bigger th
6、an an apple. very, quite 一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。 2“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越” 如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。 It is getting cooler and cooler. 天气越来越凉爽。 The wind became more and more heavily. 风变得越来越大。 Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校变
7、得越来越美丽。 3在含有 or 的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。 如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim 还是 Tom? 4. “the +比较级, the+比较级”，表示“越越”。 The more money you make, the more you spend. 钱你赚得越多，花得越多。 The sooner，the better. 越快越好。 5. 表示倍数的比较级用法： . A is times the size /height/length/width of B. 如：The new building is thre
8、e times the height of the old one. 这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高) . A is times as big /high/long/wide/large as B. 如：Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍) . A is times larger /higher/longer/wider than B. 如：Our school is twice bigger than yours. 我们学校比你们学校大两倍。 6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以
9、上人或事物的比较，表示“最”的意思。 句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three, in our class 等等。 如：He is the tallest in our class. 他在我们班里是最高的。 7.“否定词语+比较级“ ，“否定词语+ so as“结构表示最高级含义。 Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing. 8. 比较级与最高级的转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike i
10、s more intelligent than any other student in his class 7.修饰比较级和最高级的词 1）可修饰比较级的词 .a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等。 . 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 . 以上词(除 by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。 注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 (错) Tom is the tallest of his three bro
11、thers. (对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2)下列词可修饰最高级：by far, far, much, mostly, almost。 This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 注意： a. very 可修饰最高级，但位置与 much 不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best. b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent. 8.要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is
12、more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother. (对) He is cleverer than his brother. 9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 (错) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other country in Asia. 10.要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beij
13、ing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 11.要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。 比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters. 三.典型例题 1） - Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now.
14、 A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better 答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite 修饰原级，well 的比较级为 better. 2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much 答案：C. much 可修饰比较级，因此B，C 都说得通，但 easier 本身已是比较级，不需 more，因此 C 为正确答案。3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time 答案：D。阅读(1434)| 评论 (1)
