1、1RatiosProfitability ratiosProfitability ratios measure the firms use of its assets and control of its expenses to generate an acceptable rate of return.Gross margin, Gross profit margin or Gross Profit RateOR Operating margin, Operating Income Margin, Operating profit margin or Return on sales (ROS
2、) Note: Operating income is the difference between operating revenues and operating expenses, but it is also sometimes used as a synonym for EBIT and operating profit.10 This is true if the firm has no non-operating income. (Earnings before interest and taxes / Sales) Profit margin, net margin or ne
3、t profit margin Return on equity (ROE) Return on investment (ROI ratio or Du Pont ratio) Return on assets (ROA) Return on assets Du Pont (ROA Du Pont) 2Return on Equity Du Pont (ROE Du Pont) Return on net assets (RONA) Return on capital (ROC) Risk adjusted return on capital (RAROC) OR Return on capi
4、tal employed (ROCE) Note: this is somewhat similar to (ROI), which calculates Net Income per Owners Equity Cash flow return on investment (CFROI) Efficiency ratio Net gearing 3Liquidity ratiosLiquidity ratios measure the availability of cash to pay debt.Current ratio Acid-test ratio (Quick ratio)17
5、Operation cash flow ratio Activity ratiosActivity ratios measure the effectiveness of the firms use of resources.Average collection period Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) DSO Ratio Average payment period 4Asset turnover Inventory turnover ratio Receivables Turnover Ratio Inventory conversion rati
6、o Inventory conversion period Receivables conversion period Payables conversion period Cash Conversion Cycle Inventory Conversion Period + Receivables Conversion Period - Payables Conversion Period Debt ratios (leveraging ratios)Debt ratios measure the firms ability to repay long-term debt. Debt rat
7、ios measure financial leverage.Debt ratio 5Debt to equity ratio Long-term Debt to equity (LT Debt to Equity) Times interest-earned ratio OR Debt service coverage ratio Market ratiosMarket ratios measure investor response to owning a companys stock and also the cost of issuing stock.Earnings per shar
8、e (EPS) Payout ratio OR Dividend cover (the inverse of Payout Ratio) 6P/E ratio Dividend yield Cash flow ratio or Price/cash flow ratio Price to book value ratio (P/B or PBV) Price/sales ratio PEG ratio Other Market RatiosEV/EBITDA EV/Sales 7Cost/Income ratio Sector-specific ratiosEV/capacity EV/output
