1、1BP Debate Demonstration辩论示范赛文字稿辩题：All_Chinese_citizens_should_be_required_to_donate_organs_after_death.【注：涂黄色、蓝色等彩色部分为观点要点或辩论知识点或段落起承转合处。 】 PRIME MINISTERIn the status quo, there is a problem with the amount of readily available organs in China. We, as the opening government, have found the best so
2、lution in order to provide the most amount of the transplantable organs to Chinese citizens. The resolution given to us today was all Chinese citizens should be required to donate their organs after death. My partner and I have come up with some definitions to further clarify this round. Our first d
3、efinition is death. We define it as both brain and cardiac death. Our second definition is organs. We define it as differentiated structures, such as the heart, liver, kidneys and eyes. However, we are excluding ligaments系带, 纽带; 韧带 and skin. Wed also like to interpret this motion for you today. One,
4、 as in we are only going to focus this round to just mainland China, and on the following organs, heart, liver, kidneys and eyes. Our model for you today is as follows. ID cards will be carried by Chinese citizens, and they would be changed to include the basic medical information, such as their blo
5、od type and any diseases or infections传染, 传染病 that would render their organs not usable.POI:-Can I ask a question? -Yeah.-When you say cardiac and brain death, do you mean either or occurring at the same time?-In our definitions, we assess it to both under our plan in which a person must be both bra
6、in and cardiac dead before we harvest their organs.To continue on with my model, we also have decided that upon determination of brain and cardiovascular death, doctors and hospitals will be allowed to harvest the organs from all Chinese citizens. Furthermore, wed also like to state that all Chinese
7、 organs donated will go directly to Chinese citizens. Harvested organs in these Chinese hospitals will only go to the Chinese citizens and will not go to the International market. So my first argument today is that organs will be more readily available. Id like to compare the status quo to our plan.
8、 The status quo currently has a volunteering system for organ donation, which is not acceptive because therere not enough organs for all the Chinese citizens that need transplants. POI:-Not at this time.(to the girl) Yeah.(to the boy)-OK, since your goal is to saving of lives, how do you address the
9、 fact that waiting for cardiac death makes the harvest organs very difficult, especially hearts?-We dont see our plan as any more difficult, because under the status quo and under our plan its the same. However, the difference between the status quo and our plan is that we will be providing more via
10、ble hearts for transplants, which leads to more people surviving. So we see our plan as saving more lives. To continue with my comparison of the status quo to the plan. Our government model 2uses a mandatory system in which Chinese citizens must donate their organs after brain and cardiac death, whi
11、ch will lead to a higher supply of organs that will be available to Chinese citizens who need transplants. Now Id like to discuss the cause thatll affect the relationship. The current volunteering policy provided an insufficient number of transplantable organs to Chinese citizens. Therere currently
12、about 300,000 people on the list for organ transplants and they share only 10,000 people would be approved. Now there are too many people dying because of the lack of organs. Not at this time(POI). Because there are not enough organs that people need under the current system, our plan of required do
13、nation will help provide better access to organ transplants because there will be more harvested organs which will be more easily acceptable. Not at this time(POI).Our mandatory system will improve peoples lives because more people will be able to get the necessary organ transplants and this will he
14、lp prolong their lives. Furthermore, one body organs can provide 8 lives. We see this as extremely beneficial which is why our plan solved for the problem of people dying. So theres a value of getting more organs. The status quo leads to lack of access which leads more people to die easily. About 50
15、0,000 people die each year from lack of transplants. With the governments mandatory system, more people will be able to get transplants, which will reduce the 500,000 people that die each year. And this will improve the quality of life, and it will improve the longevity of life.So to conclude the sp
16、eech for today, Ive discussed the benefits of the mandatory system that my partner and I have decided upon today. And Ive also discussed the absolute harm of the status quo because it does not provide enough organs for people to be surviving. My partner today will further analyze the model and he wi
17、ll tell us two things: one of whichhow the black market does already exist, however, under our plans the black market will be reduced; secondly hell be discussing how the government model will limit the economic incentive for organ donation. So because of the benefits that my partner and Is model un
18、der the government team provides, and how Ive discussed the harms of the status quo, I strongly affirm my argument that all Chinese citizens should be required to donate their organs after death. Thank you.LEADER OF THE OPPOSITIONThank you. In todays debate, what we see is that the government attemp
19、ts to present a model that is mandatory to solve the problem of the lack of available organs. They say that as an opposition, we continue under the status quo of having voluntary organ donations. We proudly support our model of having voluntary organ donations as being better than the governments pl
20、an of requiring mandatory organ donations. In my speech, I will emphasize two points. The first one being that under the governments plan, the black market will still continue, the second one being the governments plan will incentivize Chinese citizens to illegally donate their organs.Under my first
21、 point, under the governments plan we will still see the black market for organs continue in China. The government is slow in administering the process and the pairing of organs that have been donated will be inefficient. This means that there will be people boththere will be people in China who do
22、not wish to receive an organ from the government plan. They will be looking for an alternative that is faster and that alternative is 3the black market. The second part of this is that currently China is an international destination for organ transplants. People from across the world have come to Ch
23、ina to seek organs that they cant get in their home country, and they know that the black market is a place where they can purchase it. As a result, under for these two reasons, the governments plan does not eliminate the black market.Yes.-POI: But wont the black market reduce because that the avail
24、ability cant provide?It will not because we will see a continued supply of organs for the market which will be my second point.The plan doesnt change the status quo. The requiring of mandatory organ donation will not cause the black market to be eliminated. And as a result, this will allow for China
25、 to continue to be this destination for organ donation.Onto my second point, the governments plan will incentivize for Chinese citizens to sell their organs to the black market before they die in order to help their families. The governments plan mandates that Chinese citizens，when they die，will don
26、ate their organs. This means that no matter what every Chinese citizen must donate their organs under no conditions or they die and have their body stay intact. This leaves two options for Chinese citizens. The first one, they can die and then wait for the government to come harvest their organs to
27、be put into their program. The second option that we think that will become more common because of the governments plan is these Chinese citizens will have an incentive to sell non-vital organs to the black market before they die in order to be able to provide financial support for their families.Ye
28、s.-POI: We see that in a lot of countries that have mandatory opt-out systems, there isnt this massive black market of people selling their organs out before they die.We agree. We think that the reason that we see this in those countries is because they cant opt out. However, in the governments plan
29、, all Chinese citizens must donate organs and cannot opt out. As a result, they will be incentivized to sell their organs to the black market.-No thank you. (POI)I want to throw up an example that will show why the governments plan is so negative in this situation. A Chinese elderly grandmother who
30、sees her children and grandchildren in poverty will now look at the governments plan and know that if she dies, her organs will be harvested. She will now be encouraged by the governments plan that by selling her organs to the black market, she can provide support for her family and help them throug
31、h her death. As a result, we are pushing Chinese citizens to go to these black markets to sell their organs and to undergo very dangerous situations to have your organs harvested while your are still alive. But the black market is not safe. It is not sanitary. And the governments plan is going to pu
32、sh these Chinese citizens who just wish to help their family to enter into this market and support this underground and illegal activity. As a result, we are seeing that the government，while they are trying to create more availability to organs，is actually negatively impacting the situation that the
33、y wish to alleviate. The black market is going to continue. The government plan doesnt eliminate the black market. All of the things that make it exist today is the fact that currently there is a way for people with money in China to get organs when they need 4them while with the governments plan th
34、ey would have to wait until the system pairs them with the organ. Also, as I said before, the fact that international people have been coming to China to receive organs makes it so that under the governments plan we will still have that continue. They do not address that point and do not explain how
35、 their plan will eliminate this demand that exists currently in the status quo.The next point I want to emphasize is this idea that the government thinks that people wont be able to look at the situation and see that there isnt other alternatives for them. Under the governments plan, we will see tha
36、t the situations for these Chinese citizens is actually worse than the one in the status quo. The governments plan not only does not solve the problems that they are seeking to alleviate, they actually worsen them for the Chinese people. And that is something that, as an opposition, we feel is wrong
37、 and cannot be allowed as a result of todays debate, and for all those reasons we are proud to post. Thank you.DEPUTY PRIME MINISTERAt the beginning of this round, our prime minister did an excellent job establishing a solid model that Id like to import to you to vote on today. So in this speech, Id
38、 like to elaborate not only on the benefits that the governments model provides to citizens and people who are receiving the organs, but also the overall benefits that these plans will in fact provide to the society.But first, I need to address some points of rebuttal regarding the case that the opp
39、osition has presented. So, the opposition has said that the black market will continue to exist under the governments plan. They said that this is a result of the current wait time that are implicit of the state quo, the wait time that are currently existed when people seek to get a organ in this vo
40、luntary system. However, what the opposition has failed to do thus far is demonstrating how these wait times are worse in the governments plan. And until they do this, they have not given you any reason to vote me on opposition, because they do not demonstrate how our world is worse with these wait
41、times. But ultimately we will see is that . The effects will be quite the opposite that these wait times effects wont be less in the government world. This is primarily because in the government world there will be a larger abundance of organs available for people who need these transplants. Thats b
42、ecause there will be more organs, it will be easier to get to these individuals who need to receive organs and thus make the whole system just more efficient.-Yes.-POI: The flaw of your causal relationship is that the supply of the black market is still going to increase creating the demand of the b
43、lack market because you wont be getting more organs donated because people will try to sell them before they die.Quite the opposite. Because there is an implicit difference between demand for organs from a government institution and demand for organs from the black market. And that there is kind of
44、a stigma with the black market that it is not as safe when you are receiving a transplant, perhaps in an alleyway, as suppose where you can receive an organ transplant in an institution like a hospital. Its cruel that people have a higher demand for organs from these hospitals, and from these govern
45、ment agencies are supposed go to the black market that you are referring to. So next Id like to moving to our points of constructive. Er. Our constructive points 5today. The first of which is that required organ donation in fact limits the black market. So first Id like to analysis the key differenc
46、es between the state quo and our governments model. Before this, Ill take a POI.-POI: How does your model reduce the number of people who are going to sell their organs, and thus having them forcibly donated by the government upon their death?Well, because people still wont necessarily want to donat
47、e their organs before they die. I know I dont want to give my heart unless I have to. Thus people will only wait and until they pass away under the governments plan which will have effectively achieved all the benefits we are lucubrating. So moving on to the point that required organ donations do ef
48、fect the black market. So in the status quo, we are currently working under a voluntary system, where you have to go through a meticulous process of opting out having your organs donated. As proposed as a government proposed model, in which it will be budgetary upon death, now the key difference her
49、e is effected under this governments model, we see many key consequences that are ultimately beneficial. For example, a mandatory system contributes perfectly to the black market. In that, organs are simply in matter of deficit under the current system. We do not have enough organs to give to everybody. There are more people demanding organs than there are organs to be given. Thus if we require that all Chinese citizens donate their organs after their death, then we will see an abundance of organs and surplus of
